SECTION 02720

STORM SEWAGE SYSTEMS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1	RELATED DOCUMENTS

A.	Drawings and general provisions of Contract, apply to work of this Section.

1.2	DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A.	Extent of storm sewage systems work is indicated on drawings and schedules, and by requirements of this section.

B.	Refer to Division-2 section "EARTHWORK/UNDERGROUND UTILITIES" for excavation and backfill required for storm sewage systems; not work of this section.

C.	Refer to Division-3 sections for concrete work required for storm sewage systems; not work of this section.

1.3	QUALITY ASSURANCE

A.	Manufacturer's Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of storm sewage system's products of types, materials, and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5 years.

B.	Installer's Qualifications: Firm with at least 3 years of successful installation experience on projects with storm sewage work similar to that required for project.

C.	Codes and Standards:

1.	Plumbing Code Compliance: Comply with applicable portions of Florida Department of Transportation Standard Specification, 1988 Edition, pertaining to selection and installation of storm sewage system's materials and products.

D.	Environmental Compliance: Comply with applicable portions of applicable Water Management District and Local Stormwater Management Codes pertaining to storm sewage systems.

1.4	SUBMITTALS

A.	Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data and installation instructions for storm sewage system materials and products.

B.	Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings for storm sewage systems, showing piping materials, size, locations, and inverts. Include details of underground structures, connections, and manholes. Show interface and spatial relationship between piping and proximate structures.

C.	Record Drawings: At project closeout, submit record drawings of installed storm sewage piping and products, in accordance with requirements of Division-1.

D.	Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and parts lists for storm sewage system materials and products. Include this data, product data, shop drawings, and record drawings in maintenance manual; in accordance with requirements of Division-1.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1	PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS

A.	General: Provide pipes of one of the following materials, of weight/class indicated. Provide pipe fittings and accessories of same material and weight/class as pipes, with joining method as indicated.

1.	Cast-Iron Soil Pipe: ASTM A 74, hub and spigot ends, service weight unless otherwise indicated.

a.	Fittings: Cast-iron hub and spigot complying with ASTM A 74; lead/oakum caulked joints, or compression joints with rubber gaskets complying with ASTM C 564.

2.	Reinforced Concrete Pipe: FDOT 941, Class III (of ASTM C76).

a.	Fittings: Reinforced concrete, same strength as adjoining pipe, tongue-and-groove gasketed joints complying with ASTM C 443.

b.	Rubber Gaskets: FDOT 942.

3.	Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe: ASTM D 3033, Type PSP, SDR 35; or ASTM D 3034, Type PSM, SDR 35.

a.	Fittings: PVC, ASTM D 3033 or D 3034, elastomeric joints complying with ASTM D 3212 using elastomeric seals complying with ASTM F 477.

4.	Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch: FDOT 943, bituminous coated both sides.

5.	Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch: Aluminum coated (Aluminized Type II): AASHTO M274 and AASHTO M36.

6.	Coupling/Corrugated Steel Pipe and Pipe Arch: AASHTO M36 with rubber or neoprene gaskets, FDOT 430-8.1 (all pipe).

7.	Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Pipe Arch: AASHTO M196 and AASHTO M211.

8.	Corrugated Aluminum Pipe with Perforations (360 degree): AASHTO M196 and M211, ASTM B 209 for Alloy Alclade 3004-H34.

9.	Coupling/Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Pipe Arch: AASHTO M196 and AASHTO M211 with asphaltic mastic sealant (performed plastic material), (all pipe).

10.	Filter Fabric: Spun bound polypropylene, "TYPAR," as manufactured by DuPont, Style 3401.

11.	Bituminous Coating: AASHTO M190.

12.	Non-shrinking Mortar: Embeco 167 or approved equal.

13.	Precast Circular Manholes: Precast reinforced concrete per ASTM C 487, except wall thickness shall be 1 inch per foot of inside diameter plus 1 inch but 5 inch minimum. All openings shall have minimum steel hoop of #4 wire. Cement shall be Portland Type II. Provide a 6-inch lip on the base.

14.	Concrete: FDOT 345-2 (except no pozzolon), 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. Class II or Class III with minimum 28 day compressive strengths of 3400 psi and 5000 psi, respectively. Use Type II Portland Cement.

15.	Reinforcement: FDOT 415 (ASTM A615, Grade 60).

16.	Curing: FDOT 925.

17.	Brick: ASTM C 32, grade MC (hard brick).

18.	Mortar: For brick sections of manholes mix one (1) part Portland Cement Type II and three (3) parts of sand per FDOT 902-2.2. For mortar plaster use one (1) part cement, two (2) parts sand.

19.	Manhole Joint Sealer: Pre-formed plastic joint sealer per Federal Specification SS-S-00210 (GSA - PSS), "Ram-Nek" as manufactured by the K.T. Snyder Co., Inc., or approved equal, or Portland Cement mortar, 1/2 inch minimum thickness.

20.	Manhole Frame & Cover: Gray cast iron per ASTM A 48, Class 30 without perforations and suitable for addition of cast iron or steel rings for upward adjustment of top. The word "STORM" shall be cast into the face of the cover equal to that shown in the Standard Detail Drawings in 1-1/2 to 2 inch letters raised flush with the top of the cover. Frame and cover shall be approved equal to U.S. Foundry and Manufacturing Corp. No. 430 (old No. 32 with Type G cover). Frames and covers shall have machine ground seats and have a coating of coal tar pitch varnish.

Where prefabricated adjustable frames are called for in the Drawings, they shall be approved equal to U.S. Foundry No 560 (old No. 23 with Type G Cover) and comply with the above requirements.

21.	Inlet Gratings and Frames: Structural steel, FDOT 425-3.2, U.S. Foundry or equal; Gray Cast Iron, FDOT 962-8.

22.	Bitumastic: Koppers No. 300M, or approved equal.

23.	Non-shrink Mortar: Embeco 167 or approved equal.

24.	Forms: Forms shall be either wood or metal, externally secured and braced when feasible, substantial and unyielding, and of adequate strength to contain the concrete and the additional force of vibration consolidation without bulging between supports and without apparent deviation from neat lines, contours and shapes shown in the Drawings.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1	INSTALLATION OF PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS

A.	General: Trench excavation and backfill, including sheeting and bracing dewatering, foundation and bedding and furnishing and disposal of materials shall be as specified in Section 02210 of these Standard Specifications, "EARTHWORK- UNDERGROUND UTILITIES" with any additional requirements included herein.

B.	Laying Pipe: Pipe shall be laid "in the dry" true to the lines and grades given with hubs upgrade and tongue fully inserted into the hub. Provide recesses at each joint as required to establish continuous loading conditions along the pipe barrel. Maintain a clean interior as the work progresses. Adequate filtering methods shall be provided to prevent flushing debris and sediment into any receiving waters.

C.	Round Concrete Pipe: ASTM C443-85a.

Seal all joints with round rubber gaskets. The gasket and the surface of the joints must be clean and free of grit, dirt and other foreign matter. To facilitate closure of the joint, apply a vegetable soap lubricant immediately prior to closing. Do not apply mortar, joint compound, or other filler which will restrict the flexibility of the gasket joint.

Deviations from true alignment or grade, which result in a displacement from the normal position of the gasket of as much as 1/4 inch, or which produce a gap exceeding 1/2 inch between sections of pipe for more than 1/3 of the circumference of the inside of the pipe, will not be acceptable and where such occur the pipe shall be re-laid without additional compensation. Where minor imperfections cause a gap greater than 1/2 inch between pipe sections, the joint will be acceptable provided the gap does not extend more than 1/3 the circumference of the inside of the pipe.

D.	Oval Concrete Pipe: Seal all joints with round rubber gaskets. The gasket and the surface of the joints must be clean and free of grit, dirt and other foreign matter. To facilitate closure of the joint, apply a vegetable soap lubricant immediately prior to closing. Do not apply mortar, joint compound, or other filler which will restrict the flexibility of the gasket joint.

E.	Corrugated Steel Pipe: Field joint corrugated steel pipe with locking steel bituminous coated bands and rubber or neoprene gaskets to secure a water-tight joint. The gaskets shall be at least 7 inches in width and at least 3/8 inches thick, or 0-ring gaskets with a minimum chord diameter of 13/16 inch, with annular ends. A vegetable soap lubricant is acceptable to facilitate the field connection. A minimum of 10-1/2 inch bandwidth shall be provided.

F.	Corrugated Aluminum Pipe: Make field joints with aluminum bands and asphaltic mastic gasket to secure a watertight joint. Band width shall be a minimum of 7 inches for 6 - 30 inch diameter and 12 inches for 36 - 60 inch diameter pipes.

G.	Cast-Iron Soil Pipe: Install in accordance with applicable provisions of CISPI "Cast Iron Soil Pipe & Fittings Handbook."

H.	Plastic Pipe: Install in accordance with manufacturer's installation recommendations, and in accordance with ASTM D 2321.

I.	Cleaning Piping: Clear interior of piping of dirt and other superfluous material as work progresses. Maintain swab or drag in line and pull past each joint as it is completed.

1.	In large, accessible piping, brushes and brooms may be used for cleaning.

2.	Place plugs in ends of uncompleted conduit at end of day or whenever work stops.

3.	Flush lines between manholes if required to remove collected debris.

J.	Joint Adapters: Make joints between different types of pipe with standard manufactured adapters and fittings intended for that purpose.

K.	Closing Abandoned Utilities: Close open ends of abandoned underground utilities which are indicated to remain in place. Provide sufficiently strong closures to withstand hydro-static or earth pressure which may result after ends of abandoned utilities have been closed.

1.	Close open ends of concrete or masonry utilities with not less than 8 inches thick brick masonry bulkheads.

L.	Interior Inspection: Inspect piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has occurred.

1.	Make inspections after lines between manholes, or manhole locations, have been installed and approximately 2 feet of backfill is in place, and again at completion of project.

2.	If inspection indicates poor alignment, debris, displaced pipe, infiltration or other defects, correct such defects, and reinspect.

3.2	STORM SEWER STRUCTURES

A.	Fabrication: All structures shall be constructed as shown in the Drawings or Standard Detail Indexes per FDOT Roadway and Bridge Design Standards. Structures may be precast concrete or poured in place concrete.

B.	Foundation: Compact the soil beneath the structure to 95 percent of maximum (AASHTO T-180) density. Additionally provide 9 inches of gravel beneath structures with precast bases.

C.	Manhole Base: Construct per Standard Detail Drawings with Type II Portland Cement concrete, Class II or cast as an integral part of the precast section. If the base is poured, form a groove in the base with an accurate manhole ring, shape with a wood float and finish with a hard steel trowel prior to setting. The base shall set a minimum of 24 hours before the manhole construction proceeds. Precast base shall have a minimum of three lifting hooks set in. The base shall extend 6 inches on all sides of the structure.

D.	Joints - Precast Structures: Structures without precast integral bottoms shall be set in a bed of mortar to make a watertight joint at the base. Join precast sections with a minimum mortar thickness of 1/2 inch, maximum of 1 inch. Joint sealer may be used as an alternate.

E.	Poured-in-place Concrete Structures: Concrete shall not be placed in any form until the reinforcing steel has been inspected and approved. Place concrete as noted in the Drawings and vibrate thoroughly. Fill each part of the forms, work the course aggregate back from the face and force the concrete under and around the reinforcing bars without displacing them from proper position. Place the concrete in approximately 12 inch lifts so as not to induce separation or segregation of the aggregates, consolidate thoroughly before preceding onward continuously so that there will be no plain separation between layers. Provide construction joints in accordance with the Drawings. Rub all exposed surfaces smooth to a point 12 inches below the proposed finished grade. All slabs open to traffic will be broom finished.

F.	Curing: Cure continuously for a period of at least 72 hours, to commence after the finishing has been completed and as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently to permit application of the curing material without marring the surface. Curing may be accomplished by means of polyethylene covering, membrane curing compound, or wet-burlap. These methods shall initiate after the forms are removed and as outlined below:

1.	Burlap. Place burlap over the entire surface of the concrete with overlap of approximately 6 inches along each edge and in contact with the entire surface.

2.	Membrane Curing Compound. Apply membrane compound (clear or white) in one continuous uniform coating at a rate of one gallon per 200 square feet of area. Immediately recoat any crack or other defects appearing in the coating. Agitate the compound prior to application as well as during to prevent settlement of the pigment.

3.	Polyethylene Sheeting. Place polyethylene sheeting over the entire surface with sufficient overlap of approximately 6 inches along the sides. Sheeting should be in continuous contact with the concrete at all times.

G.	Manhole Invert: shape invert channels to a trowel finish conforming to the sizes and shapes of the lower 0.8 diameter of the inlets and outlets called for in the Drawings. changes in direction of the sewer and entering branch or branches shall have a true curve, with a centerline radius of at least three times the pipe diameter or channel width. Straight-through channels may be formed with pre-cut half pipes.

H.	Manhole Coating: Coat the exterior surface with one coat of bitumastic at a minimum rate of 375 square feet per gallon, factory applied and "touched-up" in the field.

I.	Manhole Frames and Covers: Set manhole frames and covers to conform to the grades in the Drawings. Set all frames securely in a cement mortar bed and fillet. All covers shall be made flush with existing permanent surfaces except outside the limits of the traveled ways where they should be set approximately 0.2 foot above the existing ground unless otherwise noted in the Drawings.

J.	Manholes Watertightness: When tested by plugging all inlets and the outlet and filling the structure to within one foot of the cone section or top, with a minimum depth of 4 feet and maximum depth of 20 feet, the maximum allowable drop of the water surface shall be 1/2 inch per 15 minute interval. Contractor shall plug all leaks by method approved by the Engineer.

K.	Pipe Connections: Seal pipes into structure openings with non-shrinking mortar. Provide one joint immediately outside the structure wall. Openings into existing structures shall be cut with a power driven abrasive wheel or saw.

3.3	BACKFILLING

A.	General: Conduct backfill operations of open cut trenches closely following laying, jointing, and bedding of pipe, and after initial inspection and testing are completed.

3.4	FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A.	Lamping: Lamp all sewers between manholes, and catch basins after the backfill has been compacted to determine that they are clear of debris and to the correct alignment. The concentricity of the lamp image received shall not vary in the vertical direction but may vary up to 20 percent in the horizontal direction.

B.	Inspection: Final visual inspection shall be made after all structures are raised to finished grade and the roadway installed. If the lines are unclean, clean-up and re- lamping shall be initiated. Contractor shall assist the engineer during this inspection.

END OF SECTION