SECTION 02730

SANITARY SEWAGE SYSTEMS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1	RELATED DOCUMENTS

A.	Drawings and general provisions of Contract apply to work of this Section.

1.2	DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A.	Extent of Sanitary sewage systems work is indicated on drawings and schedules, and by requirements of this section.

B.	Refer to Division-2 section "Earthwork - Underground Utilities" for excavation and backfill required for sanitary sewage systems; not work of this section.

C.	Refer to Division-3 sections for concrete work required for sanitary sewage systems; not work of this section.

D.	Refer to Division-15 section "SOIL AND WASTE SYSTEMS" for interior building systems including drain, waste, and vent piping; not work of this section.

1.3	QUALITY ASSURANCE

A.	Manufacturer's Qualifications: Firms regularly engaged in manufacture of sanitary sewage system's products of types, materials, and sizes required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar service for not less than 5 years.

B.	Installer's Qualifications: Firm with at least 3 years of successful installation experience on projects with sanitary sewage work similar to that required for project.

C.	Codes and Standards:

1.	Plumbing Code Compliance: Comply with applicable portions of National Standard Plumbing Code pertaining to selection and installation of sanitary sewage system materials and products.

1.4	SUBMITTALS

A.	Product Data: Submit manufacturer's technical product data and installation instructions for sewage system materials and products.

B.	Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings for sanitary sewage systems, showing piping materials, size, locations, and inverts. Include details of underground structures,

connections, and cleanouts. Show interface and spatial relationship between piping and	proximate structures.

C.	Record Drawings: At project closeout, submit record drawings of installed sanitary sewage piping and products, in accordance with requirements of Division-1.

D.	Maintenance Data: Submit maintenance data and parts lists for sewage system materials and products. Include this data, product data, shop drawings, and record drawings in maintenance manual; in accordance with requirements of Division-1.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1	IDENTIFICATION

A.	Underground-Type Plastic Line Markers: Manufacturer's standard permanent, bright-colored, continuous-printed plastic tape, intended for direct-burial service; not less than 6 inches wide x 4 mils thick. Provide green tape with black printing reading "CAUTION SEWER LINE BURIED BELOW."

1.	Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering identification markers which may be incorporated in the work include, but are not limited to, the following:

a.	Allen Systems, Inc.

b.	Emed Co., Inc.

c.	Seton Name Plate Corp.

2.2	PIPES AND PIPE FITTINGS

A.	Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe & Fittings (PVC): Pipe and fittings, ASTM D3034, SDR 35 and shall have integrally formed bell and spigot with factory installed rubber sealing ring gaskets. Pipe shall be in maximum laying length of 12.5 feet. Joints, ASTM D3212, push-on type elastomeric compression gaskets. Field solvent weld joints are not acceptable. PVC materials shall be approved equal to "Ring-Tite" as manufactured by Johns-Manville.

B.	Ductile Iron Pipe & Fitting (DI): Pipe shall be ductile iron (DI) with minimum thickness of Class 51 for 3 and 4 inch and Class 50 for larger pipe. ANSI 21.51 (AWWA C151); Fittings, ANSI 21.10 (AWWA C110); Joints, ANSI 21.11 (AWWA C111).

C.	Gray Iron Pipe & Fittings (GI): Pipe, ANSI 21.6 (AWWA C106); Fittings, ANSI 21.10 (AWWA C110); Joints, ANSI 21.11 (AWWA C111).

D.	Pipe Coupling & Bushing Adapter: Rubber couplings with stainless steel ring clamps at both ends and stainless steel shear ring and rubber bushings as required, approved equal to Mission Rubber Company, Inc.

E.	PVC - Manhole Connector: Asbestos-cement manhole adapter, approved equal to Johns-Manville.

F.	Non-shrink Mortar: Embeco 167 or approved equal.

G.	Precast Manholes: Precast reinforced concrete per ASTM C478, except wall thickness shall be 1 inch per foot of inside diameter plus 1 inch but 5 inch minimum. All openings shall have minimum steel hoop of #4 wire. Cement shall be Portland Type II. Manholes shall be in accordance with the Standard Detail Drawings.

H.	Concrete: FDOT 345-2 (except no pozzolan), 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. Class I, Class II, and Class III shall have minimum 28 day compressive strengths of 2500 psi, 4000 psi, and 5000 psi, respectively.

I.	Reinforcement: FDOT 415

J.	Curing: FDOT 925

K.	Brick: ASTM C32, grade MC (hard brick).

L.	Mortar: For brick sections of manholes mix one (1) part Portland Cement Type II and three (3) parts of sand per FDOT 902-2.2. For Mortar plaster use one (1) part cement, two (2) parts sand.

M.	Manhole Joint Sealer: Pre-formed plastic joint sealer per Federal Specification SS-S-
00210 (GSA-PSS), "Ram-Nek" as manufactured by the K.T. Snyder Col, Inc., or approved equal.

N.	Manhole Frame & Cover: Gray cast iron per ASTM A48, Class 30 without perforations and suitable for addition of cast iron or steel rings for upward adjustment of top. The word "SANITARY" shall be cast into the face of the cover equal to that shown in the Standard Detail drawings in 1 1/2 to 2 inch letters raised flush with the top of the cover. Frame and cover shall be approved equal to U.S. Foundry and Manufacturing Corp. No. 430 (old No. 32 with Type G cover). Frames and covers shall have machine ground seats and have a coating of coal tar pitch varnish.

Where prefabricated adjustable frames are called for the Drawings, they shall be approved equal to U.S. Foundry No. 560 (old No. 23 with Type G cover) and comply with the above requirements.

Where manholes are subjected to periodic flooding or lie within the 100 year flood plain, or as designated by the Engineer, frames and covers shall be made watertight by means of gaskets and bolted covers approved equal to U.S. Foundry.

O.	Bitumastic: Koppers No. 300M, or approved equal.

P.	Bedding Material: Bedding materials shall be as specified in Section 02210 of these Standard Specifications, "Earthwork - Underground Utilities".

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1	INSTALLATION OF IDENTIFICATION

A.	General: During back-filling/top-soiling of sanitary sewage systems, install continuous underground-type plastic line marker, located directly over buried line at 24 inches below finished grade.

3.2	INSTALLATION OF PIPE AND FITTINGS

A.	Pipe Laying & Jointing: Lay pipe with spigot ends pointing in the direction of flow starting at the lowest point. Clean joint contact surfaces immediately prior to jointing. Use lubricants, primers and adhesives as recommended by the joint manufacturer.

B.	Branches: Wye branches are to be installed in conjunction with the laying of the sewer pipe. Install wyes to serve all existing and future dwelling units, as noted in the Drawings. The longitudinal barrel of branch fittings shall conform to the line and grade, diameter, and quality of the sewer main. All service laterals shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.

C.	Laterals: Install service laterals and wye branch fittings as shown in the Standard Detail Drawings and as sized and located in the Drawings. Laterals shall be located between 3 feet minimum and 5 feet maximum below right-of-way finished grade at the service. Laterals shall be run perpendicular to the sewer main at a minimum grade of 1 percent from the main to the right-of-way line. Provide a wye branch fitting for each service lateral; double wyes are not acceptable. Plug all laterals and service wyes at the last joint and securely seal to withstand the internal pressure of leakage or air pressure testing, but the plug shall also be capable of removal without injury to the socket. Chisel an "S" in the top of the curb directly over the lateral location. If curbing is not part of the work, install a 4" x 4" X 3'0" wooden stake at the end of the connection.

D.	Transition Connections: Where pipes of different materials are to be connected between manholes, suitable transition couplings shall be installed. Couplings as cited herein are the only acceptable materials.

E.	Connections to Existing Lines: Use a collar wye saddle for 4 inch and 6 inch diameter connections into existing sewer lines. The existing line shall be cut using a template to accomplish a true and clean opening for the saddle. Gasketed saddles with stainless steel straps shall be used where available from the manufacturer. The sewer main shall be protected and cleaned of debris.

F.	Chimney Connections: Provide chimney connections, as shown in the Standard Detail Drawings where the depth of sewer main invert exceeds 10 feet below the finished grade of the street, unless otherwise required by the Engineer. One chimney may only serve 4 connections -double to each side or less. Chimney shall be encased in Class I Concrete.

G.	Connections to Manholes: Connections shall be in accordance with the Standard Detail Drawings. PVC connections shall be made using an asbestos-cement adapter pre-cast or mortared into the structure. Clay pipe and iron pipe (and asbestos-cement adapters when mortared) shall be mortared into structures with non-shrinking mortar applied and cured in strict conformance with manufacturer's recommendations such that no leakage through the annular joint occurs. Finish mortar smooth and flush with the adjoining interior and exterior wall surfaces. Clay pipe shall have a short nipple (18 inch or 24 inch) between the manhole fitting and the first full length of pipe. All openings for pipes into existing structures shall be made by cutting with a power driven abrasive wheel or saw.

H.	Connections to Wet wells: Provide one (1) joint (18 - 20 feet) of ductile iron pipe to extend outward from the structure. Mortar the connections as per above.

I.	Conflicting Structures: Where it becomes necessary to extend sewers through structures, such as conflicting manholes, junction boxes, etc., the pipe within shall be ductile iron with no joints inside the conflicting structure.

J.	Manholes: Manholes shall be in accordance with the Standard Detail Drawings. Manholes shall be precast with integral slab and lower ring, or poured in place slab with precast ring wall or mortared brick wall construction. All manholes shall have bitumastic coating as specified herein.

Brick manholes shall be true and symmetric with all courses level. Bricks shall be placed by shoving into a full bed of mortar with 1/4 to 1/2 inch joints completely filled. Courses shall be laid continuously with alternating joints and with whole headers every sixth course. Excess mortar shall be carefully struck off. Portland cement plaster (1/2 inch minimum) shall be applied to the interior and exterior brick surfaces. Brick manholes shall be protected and kept moist for at least 48 hours following completion during hot or dry weather.

K.	Manhole Foundation: Compact the soil beneath the manhole to 95% of maximum (AASHTO T-180) density. Additionally provide 9 inches of gravel beneath precast manhole bases.

L.	Manhole Base: Poured in place with Type II Portland cement concrete per Standard Detail Drawings or cast as an integral part of the precast section. If the base is poured, from a groove in the base with an accurate manhole ring, shape with a wood float and finish with a hard steel trowel prior to setting. The base shall set a minimum of 24 hours before the manhole construction proceeds. Precast base shall have a minimum of three lifting hooks set in and shall have a 6-inch lip.

M.	Manhole Invert: Shape invert channels to a trowel finish conforming to the sizes and shapes of the lower 0.8 diameter of the inlets and outlets called for in the Drawings. Changes in direction of the sewer and entering branch or branches shall have a true curve, with a centerline radius of at least three times the pipe diameter or channel width. Straight-through channels may be formed with pre-cut half pipes.

N.	Manhole Coating: Two (2) coats of bitumastic applied to the internal surfaces at a minimum rate of 120 square feet per gallon per coat and one coat to external surfaces at a minimum rate of 375 square feet per gallon.

External surfaces shall be pre-painted. Internal surfaces shall be painted in the field after installation and after inspection.

O.	Top Elevation: Adjust precast manhole top between 6 inches and 12 inches by means of precast concrete rings or bricks laid in mortar.

P.	Manhole Frames and Covers: Set manhole frames and covers to conform to the grades in the Drawings. Set all frames securely in a cement mortar bed and fillet. All covers shall be made flush with existing permanent surfaces except outside the limits of the traveled ways where they should be set approximately 0.2 foot above the existing ground unless otherwise noted in the Drawings.

Q.	Stubs and Stoppers: Install pipe stoppers to all manhole stubs noted in the Drawings. When connecting to an existing stub, prior to removing the existing stopper, brick the inside opening to prevent any flow until the new system has been tested and cleaned. The brick shall not be removed until final inspection.

R.	Bulkheading Stub Channels: Bulkhead the downstream end of all outlets in the manholes of stub-out-channels not in use, to prevent the creation of a septic condition resulting from ponding of sewage or debris up the used channel.

S.	Protection of Water System at Crossings: Where the location of the sewer is not clearly defined by dimensions on the drawings, the sewer shall not be laid closer horizontally than 10 feet to a water main or service line. Pressure sewer lines shall only pass beneath water lines, with the top of the sewer line being at least 2 feet below bottom of water line. Where sanitary sewer lines pass above water lines, the sewer shall be encased in concrete for a distance of 10 feet on each side of the crossing, or rubber- gasketed pressure pipe shall be substituted for the pipe being used for the same distance. Where sanitary sewer lines pass below water lines, no joint in the sewer line shall be closer that 3 feet, horizontal distance, to the water line. Each pipe shall be carefully inspected before and after it is installed and defective pipe shall be rejected. Proper facilities shall be provided for lowering sections of pipe into trenches.

T.	Downstream Protection: Pipe shall not be flushed downstream. Open end of pipe shall be closed daily to prevent foreign matter from entering.

U.	PVC Ring Deflection: Maximum diametric ring deflection shall not exceed 5 percent of the internal pipe diameter throughout the warranty period when tested by a mandrel.

3.3	FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A.	Testing - Low Pressure Air Leakage: All sanitary sewers shall be tested by means of a low pressure air leakage test. When tested by this method, the pipe is first pressure stabilized at 4 psig greater than the average groundwater back-pressure: Subsequent leakage shall not exceed the following:

0.0015 cubic feet per minute per square foot for PVC.

0.0030 cubic feet per minute per square foot for VCP.

B.	Testing - Infiltration or Exfiltration: If approved by Engineer, infiltration or exfiltration test may be performed in lieu of the air pressure test. When tested a minimum of three (3) days after the cessation of dewatering, the maximum allowable leakage shall not exceed the following rates per mile of main line (not laterals):

50 gallons per day per nominal inch for PVC

100 gallons per day per nominal inch for VCP

C.	Testing - Manhole Watertightness: Contractor shall test manhole watertightness by plugging all inlets and the outlet and filling the manhole to within one foot of the cone section. With a minimum depth of 4 feet and maximum depth of 20 feet, the maximum allowable drop of the water surface shall be 1/2 inch per 15 minute interval. Contractor shall plug all leaks by method approved by Engineer.

D.	Lamping: Contractor shall lamp between manholes. The concentricity at the lamp image received shall be such that the diameter of said image shall have no vertical reduction from that of the pipe inside diameter and not more than 20 percent horizontal reduction.

E.	Resurfacing: All test shall be completed and accepted by Engineer before any trench or pavement is surfaced/resurfaced.

F.	Final Inspection: After all manholes are raised to grade and paving operations completed, a final visual inspection will be made. Contractor shall assist the engineer by providing labor as required. Additional lamping may be required if it appears that lines are unclean. Contractor will be present to note required corrections, if any, and schedule their remedial action immediately before the work is accepted.

END OF SECTION