USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-09 97 02 (April 2006)
--------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE (CW) Replacing without change
UFGS-09964 (August 2004)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 09 97 02
PAINTING: HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
04/06
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for the preparation
of surfaces and the application of paints for hydraulic structures and appurtenant
items.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
This guide specification includes tailoring options for Lead Paint Removal,
Containment, TSP Monitoring, PM-10 Monitoring, Visible Emissions Monitoring,
Confined Space Work, QP-1 Qualified Painting Contractor, QP-2 Hazardous Paint
Removal Contractor, Qualified Paint Applicator, Surface Prep - Atmospheric,
Surface Prep - Immersion, Painting - Nonferrous Surfaces, Painting - Damp and
Wet Surfaces, Painting - Concrete & Plaster Surfaces, Paints - Normal Atmospheric
Service, Paints - Severe Atmospheric Service, Paint - P-38 Aluminum Finish,
Paint - SSPC paint 20 Zinc Primer, Paint Cold Applied Coal Tar, Paint - Vinyl
Zinc, Paint - Vinyl Gray and White, Paint - Vinyl Red, Paint - Vinyl Black,
Paint - Vinyl Aluminum, Paint - Vinyl General Requirements, Paint - Epoxy Zinc,
Paint - Epoxy Colors, Paint - Epoxy Coal Tar. Selection or deselection of
a tailoring option will include or exclude that option in the section, but editing
the resulting section to fit the project is still required.
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERS (ASSE/SAFE)ASSE/SAFE Z87.1(2003) Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 1045(2008) Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in PlasticsASTM D 1152(2006) Methanol (Methyl Alcohol)ASTM D 1153(2006) Methyl Isobutyl KetoneASTM D 1200(1994; R 2005) Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupASTM D 1210(2005) Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageASTM D 1308(2002; R 2007) Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic FinishesASTM D 1475(1998; R 2008) Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsASTM D 153(1984; R 2008) Specific Gravity of PigmentsASTM D 1640(2003) Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureASTM D 235(2002; R 2008) Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)ASTM D 2369(2007) Volatile Content of CoatingsASTM D 281(1995; R 2007) Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-OutASTM D 2917(2007) Methyl Isoamyl KetoneASTM D 304(2005) n-Butyl Alcohol (Butanol)ASTM D 3721(2005) Synthetic Red Iron Oxide PigmentASTM D 4206(1996; R 2007) Sustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures Using the Small Scale Open-Cup ApparatusASTM D 4417(2003) Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned SteelASTM D 520(2000; R 2005) Zinc Dust PigmentASTM D 561(1982; R 2008) Carbon Black Pigment for PaintASTM D 7091(2005) Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nondestructive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsASTM D 740(2005) Methyl Ethyl KetoneASTM D 841(2002e1; R 2008) Nitration Grade TolueneASTM D 962(1981; R 2008e1) Aluminum Powder and Paste Pigments for PaintsASTM E 1347(2006) Color and Color Difference Measurement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry][INTERNATIONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION (ISEA)ISEA Z358.1(2004) Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment][MASTER PAINTERS INSTITUTE (MPI)MPI 114(Jan 2004) Interior Latex, Gloss, MPI Gloss Level 6MPI 46(Jan 2004) Interior Enamel UndercoatMPI 47(Jan 2004) Interior Alkyd, Semi-Gloss, MPI Gloss Level 5MPI 48(Jan 2004) Interior Alkyd, Gloss, MPI Gloss Level 6MPI 49(Jan 2004) Interior Alkyd, Flat, MPI Gloss Level 1MPI 50(Jan 2004) Interior Latex Primer SealerMPI 51(Jan 2004) Interior Alkyd, Eggshell, MPI Gloss Level 2MPI 52(Jan 2004) Interior Latex, MPI Gloss Level 3MPI 53(Jan 2004) Interior Latex, Flat, MPI Gloss Level 1MPI 54(Jan 2004) Interior Latex, Semi-Gloss, MPI Gloss Level 5MPI 9(Jan 2004) Exterior Alkyd, Gloss, MPI Gloss Level 6][NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 70(2007; AMD 1 2008) National Electrical Code - 2008 Edition][NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)NIOSH 98-119(1998; 4th Ed) Supplement 2 to NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods][THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS (SSPC)SSPC Guide 6(2004) Guide for Containing Debris Generated During Paint Removal OperationsSSPC PS 26.00(2000; E 2004) Aluminum Pigmented Epoxy Coating System Materials Specification, Performance-Based (Type I for use over Blast Cleaned Steel and Type II for use over Hand Cleaned Steel)SSPC Paint 16(2006) Paint Specification No. 16 Coal Tar Epoxy-Polyamide Black (or Dark Red) PaintSSPC Paint 20(2002; E 2004) Paint Specification No. 20 Zinc-Rich Coating Type I Inorganic and Type II OrganicSSPC Paint 25(1997; E 2004) Paint Specification No. 25Zinc Oxide, Alkyd, Linseed Oil Primer for Use Over Hand Cleaned Steel Type I and Type IISSPC Paint 27(1982; E 2004) Paint Specification No. 27 Basic Zinc Chromate-Vinyl Butyral Wash PrimerSSPC Paint 33(2006) Paint Specification No. 33 Coal Tar Mastic, Cold-AppliedSSPC QP 1(1998; E 2004) Standard Procedure for Evaluating Painting Contractors (Field Application to Complex Industrial Structures)SSPC QP 2(2000; E 2004; E 2007) Standard Procedure for the Qualification of Painting Contractors (Field Removal of Hazardous Coatings from Complex Structures)SSPC SP 1(1982; E 2004) Solvent CleaningSSPC SP 3(2004; E 2004) Power Tool CleaningSSPC SP 5(2007) White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC SP 6(7) Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC SP 7(2007) Brush-Off Blast Cleaning][U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)EM 385-1-1(2008) Safety and Health Requirements Manual][U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)MIL-DTL-24441(Rev C; Supp 1; INT Amd 1) Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide][U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)CID A-A-3130(Rev A) Paint (For Application to Wet Surfaces)CID A-A-3132(Basic) Coating System: Epoxy Primer/Urethane Topcoat for Minimally Prepared Atmospheric SteelCID A-A-50542(Rev A) Coating System: Reflective, Slip-Resistant, Chemical-Resistant Urethane for Maintenance Facility FloorsFED-STD-595(Rev B; Am 1) Colors Used in Government Procurement][U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)29 CFR 1910Occupational Safety and Health Standards29 CFR 1910.134Respiratory Protection29 CFR 1910.146Permit-required Confined Spaces29 CFR 1910.20Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records29 CFR 1910.94Ventilation29 CFR 1926Safety and Health Regulations for Construction29 CFR 1926.62Lead40 CFR 117Determination of Reportable Quantities for Hazardous Substances40 CFR 122EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System40 CFR 261Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste40 CFR 262Standards Applicable to Generators of Hazardous Waste40 CFR 262.22Number of Copies40 CFR 263Standards Applicable to Transporters of Hazardous Waste40 CFR 302Designation, Reportable Quantities, and Notification40 CFR 355Emergency Planning and Notification40 CFR 50National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards40 CFR 50.12National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead40 CFR 50.6National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM1040 CFR 58Ambient Air Quality Surveillance40 CFR 60Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources49 CFR 171General Information, Regulations, and Definitions]1.2 LUMP SUM PRICE
NOTE: If Section 01 22 00.00 10 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT is included in the
project specifications, this paragraph title (LUMP SUM PRICE) should be deleted
from this section and the remaining appropriately edited subparagraphs below
should be inserted into Section 01 22 00.00 10.
1.2.1 Painting: Hydraulic Structures
1.2.1.1 Payment
Payment will be made for costs associated with "Painting: Hydraulic Structures", which includes full compensation
for furnishing all materials, equipment, and labor required to paint the hydraulic structures in accordance with
this section.
1.2.1.2 Unit of Measure
Unit of measure: lump sum.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Safety and Health Provisions[; G][; G, [_____]]
An Accident Prevention Plan in accordance with the requirements of Section 01 of EM 385-1-1
. The plan shall include, but is not limited to, each of the topic areas listed in Appendix
A therein and the specified requirements; each topic shall be developed in a concise manner
to include management and operational aspects.
Confined Spaces[; G][; G, [_____]]
Detailed written standard operating procedures for confined spaces in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146
and EM 385-1-1, Section 6I. The procedures shall include:
a. Certificates of calibration for all testing and monitoring equipment. The certificates
of calibration shall include: type of equipment, model number, date of calibration, firm conducting
calibration, and signature of individual certifying calibration.
b. Methods of inspection of personal protective equipment prior to use.
c. Work practices and other engineering controls designed to reduce airborne hazardous
chemical exposures to a minimum.
d. Specification of the design and installation of ventilation systems which shall provide
adequate oxygen content and provide for the dilution of paint solvent vapor, lead, and other
toxic particulates within the confined space. In addition, include plans to evaluate the adequacy
of air flow patterns.
Respirators[; G][; G, [_____]]
A comprehensive written respiratory protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134,
29 CFR 1926.62, and Section 05.E of EM 385-1-1.
Certified Laboratory[; G][; G, [_____]]
An Airborne Sampling Plan detailing the NIOSH 98-119, Factory Mutual, or Underwriters Laboratories
approved equipment, equipment calibration procedures, sampling methods, sampling to be performed,
and analytical procedures to be used based on the type of work to be performed and anticipated
toxic contaminants to be generated. Include the name of the accredited laboratory, listed by
the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), to be used to conduct the analysis of any
collected air samples.
Ventilation[; G][; G, [_____]]
A plan to provide ventilation assessment.
Medical Status[; G][; G, [_____]]
A Medical Surveillance Plan and a statement from the examining physician indicating the name
of each employee evaluated and any limitations which will preclude the employee from performing
the work required. The statement shall include the date of the medical evaluation, the physician's
name, signature, and telephone number.
Lead-Based Paint Removal[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: 29 CFR 1926.62 Lead requires the development of a Worker Protection Plan
for jobs involving removal of lead-containing coatings. It is the specifier's
responsibility for determining when lead-containing paint will be removed and
requiring the appropriate submittals including environmental compliance, worker
protection, and waste management.
A Worker Protection Plan in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.62. The plan
shall address all necessary aspects of worker protection and shall include activities emitting
lead, means to achieve compliance, alternative technologies considered, air monitoring program,
implementation schedule, work practice program, administrative controls, multiContractor site
arrangements, and jobsite inspections.
Environmental Protection[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: An Environmental Compliance Plan for jobs involving removal of lead-containing
coatings serves to demonstrate the Contractors strategy for protecting the environment
and the public from lead exposure. Elements of this plan may be redundant with
other submittals listed herein including the Water Quality Plan, Soil Quality
Plan, Ambient Air Monitoring Plan, and Visible Emissions Monitoring Plan. These
submittals may be required for other jobs which do not involve the removal of
lead-containing paint. The Environmental Compliance Plan integrates these plans
as well as other lead-specific elements.
An Environmental Compliance Plan. The plan shall incorporate the submittals for Water Quality
Plan, Soil Quality Plan, Ambient Air Monitoring Plan, and Visible Emissions Monitoring Plan.
The submitted plan shall also address all aspects of establishing and demarcating regulated
areas, ventilation/containment system performance verification, and reporting of accidental
releases.
Waste Classification, Handling, and Disposal[; G][; G, [_____]]
A Waste Classification, Handling, and Disposal Plan in accordance with the requirements of
40 CFR 261 and 40 CFR 262 and paragraph Waste Classification, Handling, and Disposal.
Containment[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: A Containment Plan should also be required for nonlead jobs where containment
is specified.
A plan for containing debris generated during paint removal operations. The plan shall include
drawings, load-bearing capacity calculations, and wind load calculations. When the design is
such that the spent abrasive is allowed to accumulate in quantities greater than 453 kg 1,000
pounds, and/or impart a significant wind load on the structure, the Contractor shall have the
drawings approved by a registered structural engineer. The drawings and calculations shall
be stamped with the engineer's seal. Also identify the type and placement of water booms, methods
for anchoring the booms, and the procedures for removing debris.
Visible Emissions Monitoring[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: It is the responsibility of the specifier to determine whether monitoring
of visible emissions will be required and if so, to specify the requirements.
See NOTE for paragraph Containment.
A Visible Emissions Monitoring Plan. The plan shall include the provisions for halting work
and correcting the containment in the event unacceptable emissions are observed. General statements
shall not be used; specific methods, procedures, and details are required.
PM-10 Monitoring[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: It is the specifier's responsibility to contact the local and state Bureaus
of Air Pollution Control to determine if PM-10 (particulate matter less than
10 microns in size) monitoring is required. If so, include paragraph PM-10
MONITORING PLAN. If the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for lead [total
suspended particulate (TSP) lead] monitoring is invoked on lead paint removal
projects, include paragraph TSP MONITORING PLAN. In either case, the plan should
be modified to address the specific state or local regulations. TSP lead monitoring
is recommended for all lead paint removal jobs even where not required. PM-10
monitoring is not recommended for lead or other paint removal jobs where it
is not required. It is generally accepted fact that if there is no TSP-Pb exceedance
predicted by TSP monitoring then there will also not be a PM-10 exceedance.
For this reason SSPC recommends that just TSP monitoring be performed on lead
jobs.
A plan for monitoring emissions of particulate matter 10 microns or less in size (PM-10).
The plan shall comply with the requirements of EPA regulation 40 CFR 50.6 and paragraph PM-10
Monitoring. The plan shall also include provisions for halting work and correcting the containment
in the event unacceptable emissions occur. Submit a plan for monitoring emissions of Total
Suspended Particulates (TSP). The plan shall comply with the requirements of EPA regulation
40 CFR 50.12 and paragraph TSP Monitoring. The plan shall also include provisions for halting
work and correcting the containment in the event unacceptable emissions occur.
Water Quality[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: If the work is proximate to storm sewers, rivers, bays, streams, or other
bodies of water, include paragraph WATER QUALITY PLAN to prohibit contamination
of the water from the project activities; otherwise delete paragraph WATER QUALITY
PLAN. Modify if necessary to comply with State or local EPA requirements.
A Water Quality Plan for all job sites where lead-containing or other hazardous paint will
be removed. The plan shall include provisions for halting work if spills or emissions are observed
entering into bodies of water or found in areas where storm water runoff could carry the debris
into bodies of water or storm sewers. The plan shall also address cleanup and reporting procedures.
Soil Quality[; G][; G, [_____]]
NOTE: If the work is near exposed ground (e.g., soil, sand, clay, etc.), require
the submittal of the SOIL QUALITY PLAN.
A Soil Quality Plan for all job sites where lead-containing or other hazardous paint will
be removed. The plan shall include provisions for halting the work should soil contamination
occur, correcting the deficiencies responsible for the contamination, and provide procedures
for removing and replacing contaminated soil.
SD-04 Samples
Special Paint Formulas[; G][; G, [_____]]
Paint Formulations[; G][; G, [_____]]
Samples of all special paint formula, Military, Master Painter Institute, Commercial Item
Description, and SSPC paints. For products that are specified to be applied in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations also submit the paint producers product data sheet or other
written instructions for those products.
Solvent and Thinners[; G][; G, [_____]]
Samples of the thinners or solvents used to reduce the viscosity of the paint.
SD-06 Test Reports
PM-10 Monitoring[; G][; G, [_____]]
Reports of the PM-10 monitoring tests.
TSP Monitoring[; G][; G, [_____]]
Reports of the TSP monitoring tests.
Certified Laboratory[; G][; G, [_____]]
Reports of airborne sampling tests.
Soil Quality[; G][; G, [_____]]
Results of the prework and post work soil quality tests.
Inspection[; G][; G, [_____]]
Records of inspections and operations performed. Submittals shall be made on a daily basis.
SD-07 Certificates
Qualifications[; G][; G, [_____]]
Certification for all job sites. Submittal of the qualifications and experience of any additional
qualified and competent persons employed to provide on-site environmental, safety, and health
shall also be provided. Acceptance of this submission must be obtained prior to the submission
of other required environmental, safety, and health submittal items.
Qualified Painting Contractor[; G][; G, [_____]]
A copy of their current SSPC QP 1 certification.
Qualified Hazardous Paint Removal Contractor[; G][; G, [_____]]
A copy of their current SSPC QP 2 certification.
Coating Thickness Gage Qualification[; G][; G, [_____]]
Documentation of manufacturer's certification shall be submitted for all coating thickness
gages.
1.4 QUALIFICATIONS
NOTE: Some districts, having experienced poor paint performance due to poorly
qualified Contractors or inexperienced painters, are adding precertification
requirements to their painting contracts. Contractor certification can simply
require industry certification such as by SSPC: THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE
COATINGS (SSPC-QP1, QP2, or QP3), or by drafting requirements similar to those
used by industry. At this time there are no industry certification programs
for painters but procedures have been developed by some districts. Developing
specific prequalification requirements places a burden on the district to have
the technical resources to properly evaluate the submitted or demonstrated capabilities.
Guidance for attaining better and more economical paint jobs is provided in
EM 1110-2-3400. Any consulting in reference to this guide specification or
painting problems in general should be directed to the Paint Technology Center,
U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, ATTN: CEERDC-CF-M,
Champaign, IL.
Qualifications and experience shall comply with the following.
1.4.1 Certified Professional
Utilize a qualified and competent person as defined in Section 01 of EM 385-1-1 to develop the required safety
and health submittal and to provide on-site safety and health services during the contract period. The person
shall be a Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), an Industrial Hygienist (IH), or a Certified Safety Professional
(CSP) with a minimum of 3 years of demonstrated experience in similar related work. Certify that the Certified
Industrial Hygienist (CIH) holds current and valid certification from the American Board of Industrial Hygiene
(ABIH), that the IH is considered board eligible by written confirmation from the ABIH, or that the CSP holds
current and valid certification from the American Board of Certified Safety Professionals. The CIH, IH, or CSP
may utilize other qualified and competent persons, as defined in EM 385-1-1, to conduct on-site safety and health
activities as long as these persons have a minimum of 2 years of demonstrated experience in similar related work
and are under the direct supervision of the CIH, IH, or CSP. For lead containing jobsites, the competent and
qualified person shall have successfully completed an EPA or state accredited lead-based paint abatement Supervisor
course specific to the work to be performed and shall possess current and valid state and/or local government
certification, as required.
1.4.2 Certified Laboratory
Provide documentation which includes the name, address, and telephone number of the laboratories to be providing
services. In addition, the documentation shall indicate that each laboratory is an EPA National Lead Laboratory
Accreditation Program (NLLAP) accredited laboratory and that each is rated proficient in the NIOSH/EPA Environmental
Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing Program (ELPAT)and will document the date of current accreditation. Certification
shall include accreditation for heavy metal analysis, list of experience relevant to analysis of lead in air,
and a Quality Assurance and Quality Control Program.
1.4.3 Qualified Painting Contractor
NOTE: The specifier should decide whether the work is of sufficient complexity
or size that the use of a Qualified Painting Contractor is warranted. In general,
very large jobs of moderate complexity or small but very complex painting work
should be performed by a Qualified Painting Contractor. Very complex work includes
steel structures that will be painted and exposed in immersion. Large jobs
are work where more than 9,300 square m (100,000 square feet) will be painted.
SSPC utilizes an independent third party auditing firm to evaluate and certify
painting Contractors for compliance with Qualification Procedure No. 1, Standard
Procedure for Evaluating Qualifications of Painting Contractors (Field Application
to Complex Structures). There are a sufficient number of qualified Contractors
available to provide adequate competition for most painting contracts that fall
into these categories.
The Contractor shall be a certified SSPC-QP 1 Painting Contractor.
1.4.4 Qualified Hazardous Paint Removal Contractor
NOTE: The specifier should decide whether the work is of a nature such that
the use of a Qualified Hazardous Paint Removal Contractor is warranted. A Qualified
Contractor is recommended for jobs involving more than the incidental removal
of lead-containing paints. A qualified Contractor is not generally recommended
for jobs where the lead paint contains low levels of lead, less than 1 percent.
The risk of worker overexposure and environmental contamination is still significant
for such jobs, but not to the extent necessary to warrant a certified hazardous
paint removal Contractor. SSPC utilizes an independent third party auditing
firm to evaluate and certify painting Contractors for compliance with Qualification
Procedure No. 2, Standard Procedure for Evaluating The Qualifications of Painting
Contractors To Remove Hazardous Paint. QP 2 provides four categories of qualification.
Category A qualifies the Contractor for all types of lead paint removal. Categories
B and D qualify the Contractor for power tool cleaning in Class 2P and 3P containments.
Category C qualifies the Contractor for power tool cleaning in Class 1P, 2P,
and 3P containments. The specifier should select the necessary qualification
category. QP 2 certification is an extension of QP 1 certification. QP 2 certification
should also be considered by the specifier for removal of other toxic paints
such as those that contain hexavalent chromium or cadmium. There are a sufficient
number of qualified Contractors available to provide adequate competition for
most painting contracts of these types.
The Contractor shall be a certified SSPC-QP 2 Painting Contractor.
1.4.5 Qualified Paint Applicator
NOTE: The specifier should decide whether the work is of sufficient complexity
or size that the use of Qualified Paint Applicators is warranted. In general,
very large jobs of moderate complexity or small but very complex painting work
should be performed by Qualified Paint Applicators. Very complex work includes
steel structures that will be painted and exposed in immersion. Large jobs
are work where more than 9,300 square m (100,000 square feet) will be painted.
The Qualification program utilizes an independent third party auditing firm
to evaluate and certify the painters. In 1999 the cost of qualifying a painter
was approximately $1000.
Documentation of certification shall be submitted for all paint applicators. Prior to the initiation of any
work all paint applicators shall be tested and certified as meeting the requirements of the qualified paint applicator.
Certification shall be administered by the government approved independent third party Test Agency. Applicators
failing the certification test shall not be permitted to apply any paint on the project.
1.4.5.1 Test Plate
The test plate shall consist of a 1.8 by 1.8 m 6 by 6 feet steel plate with a 10 mm 3/8 inch minimum thickness.
The test plate shall have at least six bolts, three with bolt heads exposed and three with threads exposed, a
300 mm 12-inch wide flange and a 150 mm 6-inch diameter pipe each 450 mm 18 inches long welded perpendicular
to the test panel and a 150 mm 6-inch deep T-beam with sealed ends welded horizontal across the test panel one
foot up from the bottom all within the area to be painted on one side. Bolts shall be 25 mm 1 inch minimum diameter.
1.4.5.2 Certification Test Procedure
Certification testing of paint applicators shall be conducted at the job site in coordination with the Contracting
Officer. Supply the fabricated test plates to be used for the tests and shall provide crane service, rigging,
and any other work necessary to provide accessibility for the certification testing and inspection. In preparation,
clean and prepare the test plates in accordance with the requirements of the contracted work. Abrasive blasting
shall be performed with the blast media to be used in the contract. The paints to be applied shall be the Contractor
supplied materials and shall be those previously tested and approved for use on the contract. Paints shall be
applied as specified in the contract. The painter being tested shall mix and thin the paints to be used in the
test and shall set up and adjust the application equipment for use. Each painter shall apply each of the types
of paint comprising the specified system. The test plate shall be painted in a near vertical position.
1.4.5.3 Certification Criteria
The paint applicator shall be evaluated based on the conformance of the applied paint system to the requirements
of the specifications. Deficiencies in the coatings, improper mixing or improper application methods are basis
for failure. The Test Agency shall be the sole judge as to the acceptability of each paint applicators performance.
1.4.6 Coating Thickness Gage Qualification
Documentation of certification shall be submitted for all coating thickness gages. Magnetic flux thickness gages
as described in ASTM D 7091 shall be used to make all coating thickness measurements on ferrous metal substrates.
Eddy current thickness gages as described in ASTM D 7091 shall be used to measure coating thickness on all
nonferrous metal substrates. Gages shall have an accuracy of +/- 3 percent or better. Gages to be used on the
job shall be certified by the manufacturer as meeting these requirements.
1.5 SAMPLING AND TESTING
NOTE: US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory provides paint testing
services on a reimbursable basis. Samples may be submitted to US Army CERL,
ATTN: Paint Laboratory, 2902 Farber Drive, Champaign, IL 61821.
Allow at least 30 days for sampling and testing. Sampling may be at the jobsite or source of supply. Notify
the Contracting Officer when the paint and thinner are available for sampling. Sampling of each batch shall
be witnessed by the Contracting Officer unless otherwise specified or directed. A 1 L 1-quart sample of paint
and thinner shall be submitted for each batch proposed for use. The sample shall be labeled to indicate formula
or specification number and nomenclature, batch number, batch quantity, color, date made, and applicable project
contract number. Testing will be performed by the Government. Costs for retesting rejected material will be
deducted from payments to the Contractor at the rate of [_____] dollars for each paint sample retested and [
] dollars for each thinner retested.
1.6 SAFETY AND HEALTH PROVISIONS
Work shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910, 29 CFR 1926, EM 385-1-1, and other
references as listed herein. Matters of interpretation of the standards shall be submitted to the Contracting
Officer for resolution before starting work. Where the regulations conflict, the most stringent requirements
shall apply. Paragraph SAFETY AND HEALTH PROVISIONS supplements the requirements of EM 385-1-1, paragraph (1).
In any conflict between Section 01 of EM 385-1-1 and this paragraph, the provisions herein shall govern.
1.6.1 Abrasive Blasting
Comply with the requirements in Section 06.H of EM 385-1-1.
1.6.1.1 Hoses And Nozzles
In addition to the requirements in Section 20 of EM 385-1-1, hoses and hose connections of a type to prevent
shock from static electricity shall be used. Hose lengths shall be joined together by approved couplings of
a material and type designed to prevent erosion and weakening of the couplings. The couplings and nozzle attachments
shall fit on the outside of the hose and shall be designed to prevent accidental disengagement.
1.6.1.2 Workers Other Than Blasters
Workers other than blasting operators working in close proximity to abrasive blasting operations shall be protected
by utilizing MSHA/NIOSH-approved half-face or full-face air purifying respirators equipped with high-efficiency
particulate air (HEPA) filters, eye protection meeting or exceeding ASSE/SAFE Z87.1 and hearing protectors (ear
plugs and/or ear muffs) providing a noise reduction rating of at least 20 dBA or as needed to provide adequate
protection.
1.6.2 Cleaning with Compressed Air
Cleaning with compressed air shall be in accordance with Section 20.B.5 of EM 385-1-1 and personnel shall be
protected as specified in 29 CFR 1910.134.
1.6.3 Cleaning with Solvents
1.6.3.1 Ventilation
Ventilation shall be provided where required by 29 CFR 1910.146 or where the concentration of solvent vapors
exceeds 10 percent of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). Ventilation shall be in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.94
, paragraph (c)(5).
1.6.3.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment shall be provided where required by 29 CFR 1910.146 and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910
, Subpart I.
1.6.4 Pretreatment of Metals and Concrete with Acids
1.6.4.1 Personal Protective Equipment
Personnel shall be protected in accordance with 29 CFR 1910, Subpart I.
1.6.4.2 Emergency Equipment
In addition to the requirements of Section 05 of EM 385-1-1, provide an eyewash in accordance with ISEA Z358.1
, paragraph (6).
1.6.5 Mixing Epoxy and Polyurethane Resin Formulations
1.6.5.1 Exhaust Ventilation
Local exhaust ventilation shall be provided in the area where the curing agent and resin are mixed. This ventilation
system shall be capable of providing at least 100 linear fpm of capture velocity measured at the point where
the curing agent and resin contact during mixing.
1.6.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment
Exposure of skin and eyes to epoxy resin components shall be avoided by wearing appropriate chemically resistant
gloves, apron, safety goggles, and face shields meeting or exceeding the requirements of ASSE/SAFE Z87.1.
1.6.5.3 Medical Precautions
Individuals who have a history of sensitivity to epoxy or polyurethane resin systems shall be medically evaluated
before any exposure can occur. Individuals who are medically evaluated as exhibiting a sensitivity to epoxy
resins shall not conduct work tasks or otherwise be exposed to such chemicals. Individuals who develop a sensitivity
shall be immediately removed from further exposure and medically evaluated.
1.6.5.4 Emergency Equipment
A combination unit, comprised of an eyewash and deluge shower, within close proximity to the epoxy or polyurethane
resin mixing operation shall be provided in accordance with ISEA Z358.1, paragraph (9).
1.6.6 Paint Application
1.6.6.1 Ventilation
When using solvent-based paint in confined spaces, ventilation shall be provided to exchange air in the space
at a minimum rate of 140 cubic meters 5,000 cubic feet per minute per spray gun in operation. It may be necessary
to install both a mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system to effect adequate air changes within the
confined space. All air-moving devices shall be located and affixed to an opening of the confined space in a
manner that assures that the airflow is not restricted or short circuited and is supplied in the proper direction.
Means of egress shall not be blocked. Ventilation shall be continued after completion of painting and through
the drying phase of the operation. If the ventilation system fails or the concentration of volatiles exceeds
10 percent of the LEL (except in the zone immediately adjacent to the spray nozzle), painting shall be stopped
and spaces evacuated until such time that adequate ventilation is provided. An audible alarm that signals system
failure shall be an integral part of the ventilation system. The effectiveness of the ventilation shall be checked
by using ventilation smoke tubes and making frequent oxygen and combustible gas readings during painting operations.
Exhaust ducts shall discharge clear of the working areas and away from possible sources of ignition.
1.6.6.2 Explosion Proof Equipment
Electrical wiring, lights, and other equipment located in the paint spraying area shall be of the explosion proof
type designed for operation in Class I, Division 1, Group D, hazardous locations as required by the NFPA 70.
Electrical wiring, motors, and other equipment, outside of but within 6 m 20 feet of any spraying area, shall
not spark and shall conform to the provisions for Class I, Division 2, Group D, hazardous locations. Electric
motors used to drive exhaust fans shall not be placed inside spraying areas or ducts. Fan blades and portable
air ducts shall be constructed of nonferrous materials. Motors and associated control equipment shall be properly
maintained and grounded. The metallic parts of air-moving devices, spray guns, connecting tubing, and duct work
shall be electrically bonded and the bonded assembly shall be grounded.
1.6.6.3 Further Precautions
a. Workers shall wear nonsparking safety shoes.
b. Solvent drums taken into the spraying area shall be placed on nonferrous surfaces and shall be grounded.
Metallic bonding shall be maintained between containers and drums when materials are being transferred.
c. Insulation on all power and lighting cables shall be inspected to ensure that the insulation is in
excellent working condition and is free of all cracks and worn spots. Cables shall be further inspected
to ensure that no connections are within 15 m 50 feet of the operation, that lines are not overloaded,
and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent undue stress or chafing.
1.6.6.4 Ignition Sources
Ignition sources, to include lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipes, matches, or cigarette lighters shall be prohibited
in area of solvent cleaning, paint storage, paint mixing, or paint application.
1.6.7 Health Protection
1.6.7.1 Air Sampling
Perform air sampling and testing as needed to assure that workers are not exposed to contaminants above the permissible
exposure limit. In addition, Provide the Contracting Officer with a copy of the test results from the laboratory
within five working days of the sampling date and shall provide results from direct-reading instrumentation on
the same day the samples are collected.
1.6.7.2 Respirators
NOTE: It is the responsibility of the designer to determine which structures
are coated with a lead-based paint or other toxic material.
During all spray painting operations, spray painters shall use approved SCBA or SAR (air line) respirators, unless
valid air sampling has demonstrated contaminant levels to be consistently within concentrations that are compatible
with air-purifying respirator Assigned Protection Factor (APF). Persons with facial hair that interferes with
the sealing surface of the facepiece to faceseal or interferes with respirator valve function shall not be allowed
to perform work requiring respiratory protection. Air-purifying chemical cartridge/canister half- or full-facepiece
respirators that have a particulate prefilter and are suitable for the specific type(s) of gas/vapor and particulate
contaminant(s) may be used for nonconfined space painting, mixing, and cleaning (using solvents). These respirators
may be used provided the measured or anticipated concentration of the contaminant(s) in the breathing zone of
the exposed worker does not exceed the APF for the respirator and the gas/vapor has good warning properties or
the respirator assembly is equipped with a NIOSH-approved end of service life indicator for the gas(es)/vapor
anticipated or encountered. Where paint contains toxic elements such as lead, cadmium, chromium, or other toxic
particulates that may become airborne during painting in nonconfined spaces, air-purifying half- and full-facepiece
respirators or powered air-purifying respirators equipped with appropriate gas vapor cartridges, in combination
with a high-efficiency filter, or an appropriate canister incorporating a high-efficiency filter, shall be used.
1.6.7.3 Protective Clothing and Equipment
All workers shall wear safety shoes or boots, appropriate gloves to protect against the chemical to be encountered,
and breathable, protective, full-body covering during spray-painting applications. Where necessary for emergencies,
protective equipment such as life lines, body harnesses, or other means of personnel removal shall be used during
confined-space work.
1.7 MEDICAL STATUS
Prior to the start of work and annually thereafter, all Contractor employees working with or around paint systems,
thinners, blast media, those required to wear respiratory protective equipment, and those who will be exposed
to high noise levels shall be medically evaluated for the particular type of exposure they may encounter. Medical
records shall be maintained as required by 29 CFR 1910.20. The evaluation shall include:
a. Audiometric testing and evaluation of employees who will work in a noise environment with a time
weighted average greater than or equal to 90 dBA.
b. Vision screening (employees who use full-facepiece respirators shall not wear contact lenses).
c. Medical evaluation shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
(1) Medical history including, but not limited to, alcohol use, with emphasis on liver, kidney,
and pulmonary systems, and sensitivity to chemicals to be used on the job.
(2) General physical examination with emphasis on liver, kidney, and pulmonary system.
(3) Determination of the employee's physical and psychological ability to wear respiratory
protective equipment and to perform job-related tasks.
(4) Determination of baseline values of biological indices for later comparison to changes
associated with exposure to paint systems and thinners or blast media, which include: liver
function tests to include SGOT, SGPT, GGPT, alkaline phosphates, bilirubin, complete urinalysis,
EKG (employees over age 40), blood urea nitrogen (bun), serum creatinine, pulmonary function
test, FVC, and FEV, chest x-ray (if medically indicated), blood lead and ZPP (for individuals
where it is known there will be an exposure to materials containing lead), other criteria that
may be deemed necessary by the Contractor's physician, and Physician's statements for individual
employees that medical status would permit specific task performance.
(5) For lead-based paint removal, the medical requirements of 29 CFR 1926.62 shall also be
included.
1.8 CHANGE IN MEDICAL STATUS
Any employee whose medical status has changed negatively due to work related chemical and/or physical agent exposure
while working with or around paint systems and thinners, blast media, or other chemicals shall be evaluated by
a physician, and obtain a physicians statement as described in paragraph MEDICAL STATUS prior to allowing the
employee to return to those work tasks. Notify the Contracting Officer in writing of any negative changes in
employee medical status and the results of the physicians reevaluation statement.
1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
In addition to the requirements of Section 01 57 20.00 10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION comply with the following
environmental protection criteria.
1.9.1 Waste Classification, Handling, and Disposal
The Contractor is responsible for assuring the proper disposal of all hazardous and nonhazardous waste generated
during the project. Waste generated from abrasive blasting lead-containing paints with recyclable steel or iron
abrasives shall be disposed of as a hazardous waste or shall be stabilized with proprietary pre-blast additives
regardless of the results of 40 CFR 261 App II, Mtd 1311. Where stabilization is preferred, employ a proprietary
blast additive, that has been blended with the blast media prior to use. Hazardous waste shall be placed in
properly labeled closed containers and shall be shielded adequately to prevent dispersion of the waste by wind
or water. Any evidence of improper storage shall be cause for immediate shutdown of the project until corrective
action is taken. Nonhazardous waste shall be stored in closed containers separate from hazardous waste storage
areas. All hazardous waste shall be transported by a licensed transporter in accordance with 40 CFR 263 and
49 CFR 171, Subchapter C. All nonhazardous waste shall be transported in accordance with local regulations regarding
waste transportation. In addition to the number of manifest copies required by 40 CFR 262.22, one copy of each
manifest will be supplied to the Contracting Officer prior to transportation.
1.9.2 Containment
NOTE: It is the responsibility of the specifier to determine whether containment
is required and if so, to specify it.
Specify the containment requirements using SSPC Guide 6. Where lead or other
hazardous materials are present and abrasive blasting will be performed, specify
either Class 1A or Class 2A containment. Where Class 1A containment is specified,
instrument verification of negative pressure should be required. Class 1A provides
the greatest level environmental protection and should be specified in areas
where high levels of lead are present and the work is in the vicinity of critical
receptors (parks, schools, residences, or sensitive water sources). Class 2A
containment is the most commonly specified level of containment for civil works
structures in non-critical areas. Class 3A containment may provide an adequate
degree of environmental protection for some lead-containing paint removal jobs,
however, an adequate degree of worker protection may not be achievable under
some circumstances.
Where lead or other hazardous materials are not present but abrasive blasting
will be performed, specify Class 2A or 3A containment. Where the Contractor
proposes to use a low-dusting recyclable abrasive such as steel grit, then the
Contracting Officer should allow one class lower of containment. Classes 3A
and 4A containment provide minimal control over emissions. Minimal control
of emissions would be used in situations where critical receptors are not near
the work site. Containment of dust producing abrasive blasting operations is
recommended because of NAAQS for PM-10.
Where lead or other hazardous materials are present and power tool cleaning
will be performed, specify Class 1P containment. Where the Contractor proposes
to use vacuum-shrouded power tools then the Contracting Officer should allow
their use with ground covers and/or free hanging tarpaulins. Classes 2P or
3P can be specified where the paint contains low-levels of lead, less than 1
percent. As an option the Contractor should be allowed to use vacuum shrouded
power tools without additional protection. Containment is not generally specified
for power tool removal of nonhazardous paint materials.
Contain debris generated during paint removal operations in accordance with the requirements of SSPC Guide 6,
Class [_____]. Where required the containment air pressure shall be verified [by instrument] [visually]. Where
required the minimum air movement velocity shall be 30 m/min 100 fpm for cross-draft ventilation or 18 m/min
60 fpm for downdraft ventilation.
1.9.3 Visible Emissions Monitoring
NOTE: It is the responsibility of the specifier to determine whether monitoring
of visible emissions will be required and if so, to specify the requirements.
The 40 seconds in 1-hour, 75 seconds in 2-hours, and 1 percent daily visible
emissions criteria should be invoked for all lead and other hazardous paint
removal jobs. The 200 seconds in 1-hour, 300 seconds in 2-hours, and 5 percent
daily visible emissions criteria should be called for on jobs where abrasive
blasting will be used to remove nonhazardous paints. Visible emissions monitoring
should not be specified for power tool removal of nonhazardous paints.
The time of emissions shall be measured in accordance with 40 CFR 60, App A, Mtd 22. Visible emissions shall
be monitored for not less than 15 minutes of every hour. Visible emissions for each hour shall be calculated
by extrapolation. In no case shall visible emissions extend greater than 45 m 150 feet in any direction horizontal
from the containment. In no case shall visible emissions be observed in the area of any sensitive receptor.
If such emissions occur the job shall be shut down immediately and corrective action taken. The foreman shall
be notified whenever visible emissions exceed [40] [200] seconds in a 1 hour period. The foreman shall be notified
and the job shall be shut down and corrective action taken whenever visible emissions exceed [75] [300] seconds
in a 2 hour period. Total observed visible emissions from the containment shall not exceed [1] [5] percent of
the work day. Shutdown and corrective action shall be taken by the Contractor to prevent such an occurrence.
Document each time that the work is halted due to a violation of the visible emissions criteria. Documentation
shall include the cause for shutdown and the corrective action taken to resolve the problem.
1.9.4 Air Quality Monitoring
NOTE: It is the specifier's responsibility to contact the local authorities
to determine if PM-10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns in size) monitoring
is required. If so, include paragraph PM-10 MONITORING. If the National Ambient
Air Quality Standard for lead [total suspended particulate (TSP) lead] monitoring
is invoked on lead paint removal projects, include paragraph TSP MONITORING.
In either case, air monitoring should be modified to address the specific state
or local regulations. TSP lead monitoring is recommended for all lead paint
removal jobs even where not required. PM-10 monitoring is not recommended for
lead or other paint removal jobs where it is not required. It is a generally
accepted fact that if there is no TSP-Pb exceedance predicted by TSP monitoring
then there will also not be a PM-10 exceedance. For this reason SSPC recommends
that just TSP monitoring be performed on lead jobs.
1.9.4.1 PM-10 Monitoring
Perform PM-10 monitoring. The positioning of air monitoring equipment shall be in accordance with 40 CFR 58,
App E, Subpart (8). In addition, a minimum of two PM-10 monitors shall be used at the project site, one down
wind from the project and one in the area of greatest public access (e.g., playground, school yard, or homeowner's
yard). When the project is in an area where there are critical receptors nearby, monitoring shall be conducted
throughout the entire period that abrasive blasting and cleanup operations are performed. Otherwise, monitoring
shall be performed 4 of the first 8 days and on a regular basis thereafter for a sum total of 25 percent of the
time surface preparation and debris cleanup are performed. Failure to meet air quality regulatory limits shall
require air monitoring to be repeated immediately after corrective actions have been taken. Also conduct preproject
PM-10 monitoring. The preproject PM-10 monitoring shall be conducted a minimum of 2 weeks prior to the beginning
of the project. The monitoring shall continue for a minimum of 3 days to establish background levels. A report
of the results shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer within 48 hours and shall include:
(1) Name and location of jobsite.
(2) Date of monitoring.
(3) Time of monitoring (i.e., time monitoring begins and ends each day).
(4) Identification and serial number of monitoring units.
(5) Drawing showing specific location of monitoring units.
(6) Drawing showing specific location of paint removal operation and the method of removal
or work activity being performed.
(7) Wind direction and velocity.
(8) A flow chart verifying the rate of air flow across the filter throughout the sampling period.
(9) Name and address of laboratory.
(10) Laboratory test procedure.
(11) Laboratory test results.
(12) Signatures of field and laboratory technicians conducting the work.
1.9.4.2 TSP Monitoring
Perform TSP monitoring. The positioning of air monitoring equipment shall be in accordance with 40 CFR 58, App
E, Subpart (8). In addition, a minimum of two TSP monitors shall be used at the project site, one down wind
from the project and one in the area of greatest public access (e.g. playground, school yard, or homeowner's
yard). TSP-lead monitoring shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 50, App B. When the project is in an
area where there are critical receptors nearby, monitoring shall be conducted throughout the entire period that
abrasive blasting and cleanup operations are performed. Otherwise, monitoring shall be performed 4 of the first
8 days and on a regular basis thereafter for a sum total of 25 percent of the time surface preparation and debris
cleanup are performed. Failure to meet air quality regulatory limits shall require air monitoring to be repeated
immediately after corrective actions have been taken. Also conduct preproject TSP monitoring. The preproject
TSP monitoring shall be conducted a minimum of 2 weeks prior to the beginning of the project. The monitoring
shall continue for a minimum of 3 days to establish background levels. A report of the results shall be submitted
to the Contracting Officer within 48 hours and shall include:
(1) Name and location of jobsite.
(2) Date of monitoring.
(3) Time of monitoring (i.e., time monitoring begins and ends each day).
(4) Identification and serial number of monitoring units.
(5) Drawing showing specific location of monitoring units.
(6) Drawing showing specific location of paint removal operation and the method of removal
or work activity being performed.
(7) Wind direction and velocity.
(8) A flow chart verifying the rate of air flow across the filter throughout the sampling period.
(9) Name and address of laboratory.
(10) Laboratory test procedure.
(11) Laboratory test results.
(12) Signatures of field and laboratory technicians conducting the work.
1.9.5 Water Quality
NOTE: If the work is proximate to storm sewers, rivers, bays, streams, or other
bodies of water, include paragraph WATER QUALITY to prohibit contamination of
the water from the project activities; otherwise delete paragraph WATER QUALITY.
Modify if necessary to comply with State or local EPA requirements.
Conduct operations in such a manner that lead-containing and other hazardous paint debris do not contaminate
the water and so that NPDES permits in accordance with EPA regulation 40 CFR 122 are not required for the project.
In the event that there are any releases of lead paint debris into the waterways, with reportable quantities
of hazardous substances designated pursuant to Section 311 of the Clean Water Act, they shall be reported to
the EPA in accordance with 40 CFR 117 and 40 CFR 355. Releases or spills that carry into waterways or storm
sewers shall be thoroughly documented. The documentation shall include the time and location of the release,
amount of material released, actions taken to clean up the debris, amount of debris recovered, and corrective
action taken to avoid a reoccurrence. Releases shall also be reported to the Coast Guard and other state and
local authorities as appropriate. If the release is equivalent to 4.5 kg 10 pounds or more of lead-containing
material in a 24-hour period, it is considered to be a reportable quantity under CERCLA. Comply with 40 CFR 302
.
1.9.6 Soil Quality
NOTE: If the work is near exposed ground (e.g., soil, sand, clay, etc.), include
the requirements of paragraph SOIL QUALITY to assure that the ground is not
contaminated by project activities. Contact the State or local EPA to determine
if a specific soil contamination criteria exists. If so, modify this section
accordingly.
Establish and implement practices and procedures for preventing contamination of the soil from the removal of
lead-containing or other hazardous paints. Unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer, soil shall
be considered to have been contaminated by the Contractor's operation if an increase in the total lead content
of 100 PPM or greater over background levels occurs. For purposes of computing the increase compute the mean
background levels and the mean post-removal levels. The 100 PPM criteria is met if the difference between the
means is less than 100 PPM plus the 95 percent confidence limit. Soil sampling and testing shall be conducted
prior to the beginning of the project and after the project is completed. Interim testing may also be performed
in the event the Contractor or Contracting Officer wants to confirm that the containment system and work practices
continue to provide satisfactory protection of the soil. Unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer,
the following minimum test locations shall be selected for soil analysis. Two locations shall be selected beneath
or immediately adjacent to the structure being prepared, and additional samples shall be taken within 30 m 100
feet in each direction of the project (i.e., N, S, E, W) in which soil is present. The number of soil sample
locations shall be sufficient to adequately characterize the soil contaminant levels within and around the project
area. Five composite samples shall be collected at each location. Each of the five samples shall be comprised
of five individual plugs of soil combined in a single bag. The composite samples at each location shall be collected
using the following procedure:
a. Place a 0.093 square m 1-square foot template at each location.
b. Remove a sample of soil 19 mm 3/4 inch in diameter and 13 mm 1/2 inch in depth at the center of the
template and at each of the four corners. Place the five soil plugs into a single bag. This represents
one of the three samples to be removed at a given location.
c. Move the template 25 mm 1 inch in any direction and repeat the process to collect the second sample.
Place all plugs in a separate bag. Move the template 5 mm 1 inch farther to collect the third sample.
d. Identify each sample bag with the date, specific location of the sample, name and signature of the
sampling technician, and complete chain of custody records.
e. It is critical that the specific location of each sample be thoroughly measured and documented as
the final project testing (and any interim testing) must be sampled in the precise locations.
Three samples collected at each location shall be analyzed. One of the remaining two samples shall be maintained
by the Contractor for the duration of the project and the other by the Contracting Officer in the event reanalysis
is required. Lead-containing samples shall be analyzed in accordance with EPA testing guidance as published
in 40 CFR 261, App III, by a laboratory listed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) as being
proficient in conducting the test. Note that if it is determined that contamination of the soil has occurred
as a result of the paint removal operations, TCLP testing will be employed to determine if the soil must be handled
and disposed of as a hazardous waste. The initial sampling of the soil for total lead content does not establish
whether the soil would be considered hazardous by TCLP testing. As a result, at the Contractor's option, additional
prework soil samples may be removed (minimum of 105 grams is required for a single test at each site) to conduct
TCLP testing to establish whether the soil would be classified as hazardous prior to project startup. In the
event that there is a release of lead paint debris onto the soil and if the release is 4.5 kg 10 pounds or more
of lead-containing material in a 24-hour period, it is considered to be a reportable quantity under CERCLA.
Comply with 40 CFR 302. Thoroughly document the occurrence of any spills of lead debris into the soil. The
documentation shall include the time and location of the release, amount of material released, actions taken
to clean up the debris, amount of debris reclaimed, and corrective action taken to avoid a reoccurrence. The
documentation shall be provided to the Contracting Officer and shall also include the results of laboratory testing.
1.10 PAINT PACKAGING, DELIVERY, AND STORAGE
Paints shall be processed and packaged to ensure that within a period of one year from date of manufacture, they
will not gel, liver, or thicken deleteriously, or form gas in the closed container. Paints, unless otherwise
specified or permitted, shall be packaged in standard containers not larger than 20 L 5 gallons, with removable
friction or lug-type covers. Containers for vinyl-type paints shall be lined with a coating resistant to solvents
in the formulations and capable of effectively isolating the paint from contact with the metal container. Each
container of paint or separately packaged component thereof shall be labeled to indicate the purchaser's order
number, date of manufacture, manufacturer's batch number, quantity, color, component identification and designated
name, and formula or specification number of the paint together with special labeling instructions, when specified.
Paint shall be delivered to the job in unbroken containers. Paints that can be harmed by exposure to cold weather
shall be stored in ventilated, heated shelters. All paints shall be stored under cover from the elements and
in locations free from sparks and flames.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 SPECIAL PAINT FORMULAS
Special paints shall have the composition as indicated in the formulas listed herein. Where so specified, certain
components of a paint formulation shall be packaged in separate containers for mixing on the job. If not specified
or otherwise prescribed, the color shall be that naturally obtained from the required pigmentation.
2.2 PAINT FORMULATIONS
Special paint formulas shall comply with the following:
2.2.1 Formula V-102e, Vinyl-Type Ready-Mixed Aluminum Impacted Immersion Coating
INGREDIENTS PERCENT BY MASS
Vinyl Resin, Type 3 18.2
Aluminum Powder 8.3
Diisodecyl Phthalate 3.1
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 33.8
Toluene 36.6
_____
100.0
a. The paint shall be furnished with the aluminum pigment mixed into the vehicle.
b. The viscosity of the paint shall be between 60 and 90 seconds using ASTM D 1200 and a No. 4 Ford
cup.
2.2.2 Formula V-106d, Vinyl-Type Red Oxide (Light or Dark Color) Impacted Immersion Coating
INGREDIENTS PERCENT BY MASS
Vinyl Resin, Type 3 5.50
Vinyl Resin, Type 4 11.20
Synthetic Iron Oxide (Red) (Light or Dark Color) 15.80
Diisodecyl Phthalate 2.90
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 31.00
Toluene 33.54
Propylene Oxide 0.06
______
100.00
a. The pigment shall be dispersed by means of pebble mills or other approved methods to produce a fineness
of grind (ASTM D 1210) of not less than 7 on the Hegman scale. Grinding in steel-lined or steel-ball
mills will not be permitted. No grinding aids, antisettling agents, or any other materials, other than
those listed in the formula, will be permitted.
b. The viscosity of the paint shall be between 60 and 90 seconds using ASTM D 1200 and a No. 4 Ford
cup.
c. The paint shall be furnished in two colors which are obtained by the alternative use of synthetic
red iron oxide pigments of different shade. The dark paint shall reasonably approximate color 10076
of FED-STD-595, and light colored paint shall be readily distinguishable in the field from the dark.
The two shades shall be furnished in the volume ratio designated by the purchaser.
2.2.3 Formula V-766e, Vinyl-Type White (or Gray) Impacted Immersion Coating
INGREDIENTS PERCENT BY MASS
Vinyl Resin, Type 3 5.6
Vinyl Resin, Type 4 11.6
Titanium Dioxide and (for Gray)
Carbon Black 13.0
Diisodecyl Phthalate 2.9
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 32.0
Toluene 34.7
Ortho-Phosphoric Acid 0.2
_____
100.0
a. The dispersion of pigment shall be accomplished by means of pebble mills or other approved methods
to produce a fineness of grind (ASTM D 1210) of not less than 7 on the Hegman scale. Grinding in steel-lined
or steel-ball mills will not be permitted. No grinding aids, antisettling agents, or any other materials
except those shown in the formula will be permitted. The paint shall show the proper proportions of
specified materials when analyzed by chromatographic and/or spectrophotometric methods. The ortho-phosphoric
acid shall be measured accurately and diluted with at least four parts of ketone to one part of acid
and it shall be slowly incorporated into the finished paint with constant and thorough agitation.
b. The viscosity of the paint shall be between 60 and 90 seconds using ASTM D 1200 and a No. 4 Ford
cup.
c. The white and gray paints shall be furnished in the volume ratio designated by the purchaser. The
gray paint shall contain no pigments other than those specified. Enough carbon black shall be included
to produce a dry paint film having a reflectance of 20-24 (ASTM E 1347). The resulting gray color shall
approximate color 26231 of FED-STD-595.
2.2.4 Formula V-103C, Vinyl-Type Black-Finish Impacted Immersion Coating
INGREDIENTS PERCENT BY MASS
Vinyl Resin Type 3 20.0
Carbon Black 1.5
Diisodecyl Phthalate 3.4
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 36.0
Toluene 39.1
_____
100.0
a. The carbon black shall be dispersed to a fineness of grind (ASTM D 1210) of not less than 7 on the
Hegman scale. A paste composed of carbon black milled into a Type 3 vinyl resin dissolved in an appropriate
solvent may be used provided the finished product has the specification composition and grind. Material
shall be free from seeding, gelling, and other deleterious effects. No grinding aids, antisettling agents,
or any other materials except those shown in the formula will be permitted.
b. The viscosity of the paint shall be between 60 and 90 seconds using ASTM D 1200 and a No. 4 Ford
cup.
2.2.5 Formula VZ-108d, Vinyl-Type Zinc-Rich Impacted Immersion Coating
INGREDIENTS PERCENT BY WEIGHT POUNDS GALLONS
COMPONENT A
Vinyl Resin, Type 3 16.6 109.2 9.65
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 80.6 528.9 79.30
Suspending Agent E 0.7 4.6 0.28
Suspending Agent F 0.4 2.7 0.19
Methanol 0.5 3.3 0.50
Synthetic Iron Oxide (Red) 1.2 7.9 0.19
_____ _____ _____
100.0 656.6 90.11
COMPONENT B
Silane B 100.0 4.1 0.47
COMPONENT C
Zinc Dust 100.0 550.0 9.42
_____
100.00
(mixed
paint)
a. The iron oxide and suspending agents shall be dispersed into the vehicle (Component A) to a fineness
of grind of not less than 4 on the Hegman scale (ASTM D 1210). Grinding in steel-lined containers or
using steel-grinding media shall not be permitted. The sole purpose of the iron oxide pigment is to
produce a contrasting color. A red iron oxide-type 3 vinyl resin vehicle paste may be used in place
of dry iron oxide provided compensating adjustment are made in the additions of Type 3 resin and methyl
isobutyl ketone. The finished product with zinc dust added shall produce a paint which has a red tone
upon drying and a reflectance of not more than 16 (ASTM E 1347).
b. VZ-108d paint shall be supplied as a kit. Each kit shall consist of 17 L 4.5 gallons (15 kg 33.1
pounds) of Component A in a 20 L 5-gallon lug closure type pail, 12 kg 27.5 pounds of zinc dust (Component
C) packaged in a 4 L 1-gallon plastic pail, and 89 mL 3 fluid ounces of silane (Component B) packaged
in a glass bottle of suitable size having a polyethylene lined cap. The bottle of silane shall be placed
on the zinc dust in the 4 L 1-gallon pail. In addition to standard labeling requirements, each container
of each component shall be properly identified as to component type and each container label of Component
A shall carry the following: MIXING AND APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: WARNING - THIS PAINT WILL NOT ADHERE
TO STEEL SURFACES UNLESS COMPONENT B IS ADDED. Remove the 89 mL 3 ounces of bottled Component B (silane)
from the Component C (zinc dust) container and add to the base paint Component A) with thorough stirring.
Then sift the zinc dust into the base paint while it is being vigorously agitated with a power-driven
stirrer and continue the stirring until the zinc dust has been dispersed. The mixed paint shall at some
point be strained through a 30-60 mesh screen to prevent zinc dust slugs from reaching the spray gun
nozzle. The paint shall be stirred continuously during application at a rate that will prevent settling.
If spraying is interrupted for longer than 15 minutes, the entire length of the hose shall be whipped
vigorously to redisperse the zinc. If the spraying is to be interrupted for more than 1 hour, the hose
shall be emptied by blowing the paint back into the paint pot. Thinning will not normally be required
when ambient temperatures are below about 26 degrees C 80 degrees F, but when the ambient and steel temperatures
are higher, methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) or methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) should be used. If paint is
kept covered at all times, its pot life will be about 8 days.
2.2.6 Formula C-200a, Coal Tar-Epoxy (Black) Paint
The paint shall conform to SSPC Paint 16 manufactured with Type 1 pitch. In addition to standard labeling, container
labels shall include the term, Corps of Engineers Formula C-200a.
2.2.7 Formula P-38, Aluminum Phenolic Finish Coat
This material shall be a ready-mixed aluminum paint. The pigment shall be leafing aluminum powder or paste conforming
to the requirements of ASTM D 962 Types I or II, Class B, Medium. The vehicle shall be a phenolic resin varnish
of 33-gallon oil length. The resin portion of the vehicle shall be a dry granular phenol-formaldehyde resin
made from aliphatic para-substituted phenols with substituting groups containing four to eight carbon atoms.
The oil portion of the vehicle shall consist of not less than 80% tung oil and the remainder shall be alkali
refined linseed oil. The vehicle shall not contain rosin derivatives. Paint solvents shall consist of aliphatic
and aromatic hydrocarbons as necessary. The paint shall meet the requirements of paragraphs Quantitative Requirements
and Water Resistance.
2.2.7.1 Quantitative Requirements
The paint shall have the following properties.
Characteristics Requirement (minimum/maximum)
Pigment, percent by weight of paint 13 / --
Volatile, percent by weight of paint, ASTM D 2369 -- / 45
Nonvolatile vehicle, percent by weight of paint 42 / --
Viscosity, seconds, ASTM D 1200 35 / 45
Flash point, Degrees F (C), ASTM D 4206 86 (30)/ --
Leafing, percent 50 / --
Density, pounds per gallon, ASTM D 1475 8 / --
Dry, set-to-touch, hours, ASTM D 1640 0.5 / 2
Dry, to recoat, hours, ASTM D 1640 -- / 16
2.2.7.2 Water Resistance
Prepare a test panel by spray applying two coats of paint to a 70 by 150 mm 3 by 6 inch solvent cleaned matte-finish
steel test plate. Each coat shall have a dry film thickness of approximately 50 microns 2.0 mils. Allow 24
hours dry time between coats. Air dry the prepared panel 72 hours and immerse in distilled water at 23 +/- 1
degree C 73 +/- 2 degree F for 72 hours in accordance with ASTM D 1308. The test paint shall exhibit no wrinkling
or blistering immediately upon removal of the panel from the water. The paint shall be no more than slightly
affected when examined two hours after removal and after 24 hours shall show no more than a slight visible whitening
or dulling in comparison to the unexposed film.
2.3 INGREDIENTS FOR SPECIAL PAINT FORMULAS
The following ingredient materials and thinners apply only to those special paints whose formulas are shown above
in detail.
2.3.1 Pigments and Suspending Agents
2.3.1.1 Aluminum Powder
For vinyl paint aluminum powder shall conform to ASTM D 962, Type 1, Class B.
2.3.1.2 Carbon Black
Carbon black shall conform to ASTM D 561, Type I or II.
2.3.1.3 Zinc Dust
Zinc dust pigment shall conform to ASTM D 520, Type II.
2.3.1.4 Iron Oxide
Iron oxide, (Dry) synthetic (red), shall conform to ASTM D 3721. In addition, the pigment shall have a maximum
oil absorption of 24 and a specific gravity of 4.90 to 5.20 when tested in accordance with ASTM D 281 and ASTM D 153
, Method A, respectively. When the pigment is dispersed into specified vinyl paint formulation, the paint shall
have color approximating FED-STD-595 color 10076 (dark red paint), and shall show no evidence of incompatibility
or reaction between pigment and other components after 6 months storage.
2.3.1.5 Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide in vinyl paint Formula V-766e shall be one of the following: Kronos 2160 or 2101, Kronos, Inc.;
Ti-Pure 960, E.I. Dupont DeNemours and Co., Inc.
2.3.1.6 Suspending Agent E
Suspending Agent E shall be a light cream colored finely divided powder having a specific gravity of 2 to 2.3.
It shall be an organic derivative of magnesium aluminum silicate mineral capable of minimizing the tendency of
zinc dust to settle hard without increasing the viscosity of the paint appreciably. MPA-14, produced by RHEOX,
Inc., has these properties.
2.3.1.7 Suspending Agent F
Suspending Agent F shall be a light cream colored finely divided powder having a specific gravity of approximately
1.8. It shall be an organic derivative of a special montmorillonite (trialkylaryl ammonium hectorite). Bentone
27, produced by RHEOX, Inc., has these properties.
2.3.2 Resins, Plasticizer, and Catalyst
2.3.2.1 Diisodecyl Phthalate
Diisodecyl Phthalate shall have a purity of not less than 99.0 percent, shall contain not more than 0.1 percent
water, and shall have an acid number (ASTM D 1045) of not more than 0.10.
2.3.2.2 Vinyl Resin, Type 3
Vinyl resin, Type 3, shall be a vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer of medium average molecular weight produced
by a solution polymerization process and shall contain 85 to 88 percent vinyl chloride and 12 to 15 percent vinyl
acetate by weight. The resin shall have film-forming properties and shall, in specified formulations, produce
results equal to Vinylite resin VYHH, as manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation.
2.3.2.3 Vinyl Resin, Type 4
Vinyl resin, Type 4, shall be a copolymer of the vinyl chloride-acetate type produced by a solution polymerization
process, shall contain (by weight) 1 percent interpolymerized dibasic acid, 84 to 87 percent vinyl chloride,
and 12 to 15 percent vinyl acetate. The resin shall have film-forming properties and shall, in the specified
formulations, produce results equal to Vinylite resin VMCH, as manufactured by the Union Carbide Corporation.
2.3.2.4 Ortho-phosphoric Acid
Ortho-phosphoric acid shall be a chemically pure 85-percent grade.
2.3.3 Solvent and Thinners
2.3.3.1 Methanol
Methanol (methyl alcohol) shall conform to ASTM D 1152.
2.3.3.2 Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) shall conform to ASTM D 740.
2.3.3.3 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) shall conform to ASTM D 1153.
2.3.3.4 Methyl Isoamyl Ketone
Methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) shall conform to ASTM D 2917.
2.3.3.5 Toluene
Toluene shall conform to ASTM D 841.
2.3.4 Silane B
Silane B for Formula VZ-108d shall be N-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma- aminopropyltrimethoxy silane. Silane A-1120,
produced by the C.K. Witco Corporation, and Silane Z-6020, produced by Dow Corning Corporation, are products
of this type.
2.3.5 Propylene Oxide
Propylene oxide shall be a commercially pure product suitable for the intended use.
2.4 TESTING
2.4.1 Chromatographic Analysis
Solvents in vinyl paints and thinners shall be subject to analysis by programmed temperature gas chromatographic
methods and/or spectrophotometric methods, employing the same techniques that give reproducible results on prepared
control samples known to meet the specifications. If the solvent being analyzed is of the type consisting primarily
of a single chemical compound or a mixture or two or more such solvents, interpretation of the test results shall
take cognizance of the degree of purity of the individual solvents as commercially produced for the paint industry.
2.4.2 Vinyl Paints
Vinyl paints shall be subject to the following adhesion test. When V-766 or V-106 formulations are tested, 125
to 175 microns 5 to 7 mils (dry) shall be spray applied to mild steel panels. The steel panels shall be essentially
free of oil or other contaminants that may interfere with coating adhesion. The test panels shall be dry blast
cleaned to a White Metal grade which shall be in compliance with SSPC SP 5. The surface shall have an angular
profile of 50 to 63 microns 2.0 to 2.5 mils as measured by ASTM D 4417, Method C. When V-102 or V-103 formulations
are tested, they shall be spray applied over 38 to 63 microns 1.5 to 2.5 mils (dry) of V-766 or V-106 known to
pass this test. When VZ-108 is tested, the coating shall be mixed in its proper proportions and then spray applied
to a dry film thickness of 38 to 63 microns 1.5 to 2.5 mils above the blast profile. The VZ-108 shall be top
coated with a V-766 known to pass this test. In all cases, the complete system shall have a total dry film thickness
of 125 to 175 microns 5 to 7 mils above the blast profile. After being air dried for 2 hours at room temperature,
the panel shall be dried in a vertical position for 16 hours at 50 degrees C 120 degrees F. After cooling for
1 hour, the panel shall be immersed in tap water at 30 to 32 degrees C 85 to 90 degrees F for 48 to 72 hours.
Immediately upon removal, the panel shall be dried with soft cloth and examined for adhesion as follows: With
a pocket knife or other suitable instrument, two parallel cuts at least 25 mm 1 inch long shall be made 6 to
10 mm 1/4 to 3/8 inch apart through the paint film to the steel surface. A third cut shall be made perpendicular
to and passing through the end of the first two. With the tip of the knife blade, the film shall be loosened
from the panel from the third cut between the parallel cuts for a distance of 3 to 6 mm 1/8 to 1/4 inch. With
the panel being held horizontally, the free end of the paint film shall be grasped between the thumb and forefinger
and pulled vertically in an attempt to remove the film as a strip from between the first two cuts. The strip
of paint film shall be removed at a rate of approximately 2 mm 1/10 inch per second and shall be maintained in
a vertical position during the process of removal. The adhesion is acceptable if the strip of paint breaks when
pulled or if the strip elongates a minimum of 10 percent during its removal. Paints not intended to be self-priming
shall exhibit no delamination from the primer.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 CLEANING AND PREPARATION OF SURFACES TO BE PAINTED
NOTE: Although this section is primarily intended for new construction, surface
preparation for maintenance painting is closely related; therefore this guide
specification may be used for maintenance painting. For further guidance, see
EM 1110-2-3400.
3.1.1 General Requirements
Surfaces to be painted shall be cleaned before applying paint or surface treatments. Deposits of grease or oil
shall be removed in accordance with SSPC SP 1, prior to mechanical cleaning. Solvent cleaning shall be accomplished
with mineral spirits or other low toxicity solvents having a flash point above 38 degrees C 100 degrees F. Clean
cloths and clean fluids shall be used to avoid leaving a thin film of greasy residue on the surfaces being cleaned.
Items not to be prepared or coated shall be protected from damage by the surface preparation methods. Machinery
shall be protected against entry of blast abrasive and dust into working parts. Cleaning and painting shall
be so programmed that dust or other contaminants from the cleaning process do not fall on wet, newly painted
surfaces, and surfaces not intended to be painted shall be suitably protected from the effects of cleaning and
painting operations. Welding of, or in the vicinity of, previously painted surfaces shall be conducted in a
manner to prevent weld spatter from striking the paint and to otherwise reduce coating damage to a minimum; paint
damaged by welding operations shall be restored to original condition. Surfaces to be painted that will be inaccessible
after construction, erection, or installation operations are completed shall be painted before they become inaccessible.
3.1.2 Ferrous Surfaces Subject to Atmospheric Exposures
NOTE: The option of power tool cleaning or brush-off blast cleaning is intended
to be the Contractor's choice and should be retained in project specifications.
It is the intention of the preceding and following paragraphs to distinguish
between the type of surface preparation necessary for normal atmospheric exposure
and for severe exposure conditions such as fresh and saltwater immersion, abrasion, etc.
Experience has shown that high-grade blast cleaning is generally unnecessary
to obtain an adequate paint job on structural steel surfaces that will be subject
only to ordinary atmospheric exposure, provided that primers based on vehicles
containing a large portion of free linseed oil (such as SSPC Paint 25) or certain
epoxy coatings are used. Such primers have the ability to effectively wet the
surfaces and penetrate to base metal beneath the edges of semi-adherent mill
scale as well as through the residual and tightly adherent rust that is always
present to some extent when methods short of very thorough blast cleaning are
employed. Shop cleaning and priming of steel that is not required to be thoroughly
blast cleaned reduces unnecessary breakdown of the mill scale and attendant
rusting of the surfaces. Experimental work has shown that the practice of purposely
allowing steel to weather and rust is not desirable. Mill scale, if tight,
is a better surface for receiving paint than a rusted surface that has been
only superficially cleaned by methods short of high-grade blasting.
For jobs where existing coatings, including lead-based paints, will be completely
removed the specifier should select Commercial Blast Cleaning (SP 6). This
recommendation applies to Paint Systems 1, 2, 15, and 16. Paint Systems 2 and
15 are also sometimes specified using SP 6 for improved performance.
Ferrous surfaces that are to be continuously in exterior or interior atmospheric exposure and other surfaces
as directed shall be cleaned by means of [power tools or by dry blasting to the brush-off grade][dry blasting
to a commercial grade]. Cleaning and priming shall be done in the shop unless otherwise directed or permitted.
[Power tool cleaning shall conform to the requirements of SSPC SP 3. Brush-off blast cleaning shall conform
to the requirements of SSPC SP 7.][Commercial blast cleaning shall conform to the reqirements of SSPC SP 6.]
Welds and adjoining surfaces within a few inches (centimeters) thereof shall be cleaned of weld flux, spatter,
and other harmful deposits by blasting, power impact tools, power wire brush, or such combination of these and
other methods as may be necessary for complete removal of each type of deposit. The combination of cleaning
methods need not include blasting when preparation of the overall surfaces is carried out by the power tool method.
However, brush scrubbing and rinsing with clean water, after mechanical cleaning is completed, will be required
unless the latter is carried out with thoroughness to remove all soluble alkaline deposits. Wetting of the
surfaces during water-washing operations shall be limited to the weld area required to be treated, and such areas
shall be dry before painting. Welds and adjacent surfaces cleaned thoroughly by blasting alone will be considered
adequately prepared provided that weld spatter not dislodged by the blast stream shall be removed with impact
or grinding tools. All surfaces shall be primed as soon as practicable after cleaning but prior to contamination
or deterioration of the prepared surfaces. To the greatest degree possible, steel surfaces shall be cleaned
(and primed) prior to lengthy outdoor storage.
3.1.3 Ferrous Surfaces Subject to Severe Exposure
NOTE: Thorough removal of mill scale, corrosion products, and other surface
contaminants from surfaces subject to immersion is specified because very clean,
blast-roughened surfaces are necessary to obtain adequate adherence of the coating
in the severe exposure conditions involved and because the organic coatings
that have good durability in immersed exposure are particularly unsuited to
any except thoroughly cleaned surfaces.
The parenthetical provisions relative to blasting in the shop should not be
included in project specifications except after consideration of such factors
as: surface area of components, probable adequacy of shop inspection, probable
amount of damage to shop coating during shipment, field assembly, and cleaning,
and painting capabilities of fabricators in the geographical area. Shop blast
cleaning should be permitted only where the facilities and experience of the
fabricator assure a satisfactory blasting and priming job. Field blasting and
painting gives, in general, more satisfactory results and is better adapted
to thorough inspection. In no case should shop blasting be made mandatory,
since many fabricators are not equipped for such work. Blasting and partial
painting in the shop should not be considered in connection with epoxy systems
because of the possibility of poor adhesion between shop and field coats.
Ferrous surfaces subject to extended periods of immersion or as otherwise required shall be dry blast-cleaned
to SSPC SP 5. The blast profile, unless otherwise specified, shall be 38 to 63 microns 1.5 to 2.5 mils as measured
by ASTM D 4417, Method C. Appropriate abrasive blast media shall be used to produce the desired surface profile
and to give an angular anchor tooth pattern. If recycled blast media is used, an appropriate particle size distribution
shall be maintained so that the specified profile is consistently obtained. Steel shot or other abrasives that
do not produce an angular profile shall not be used. Weld spatter not dislodged by blasting shall be removed
with impact or grinding tools and the areas reblasted prior to painting. Surfaces shall be dry at the time of
blasting. Blast cleaning to SSPC SP 5 shall be done in the field and, unless otherwise specifically authorized,
after final erection. Within 8 hours after cleaning, prior to the deposition of any detectable moisture, contaminants,
or corrosion, all ferrous surfaces blast cleaned to SSPC SP 5 shall be cleaned of dust and abrasive particles
by brush, vacuum cleaner, and/or blown down with clean, dry, compressed air, and given the first coat of paint.
Upon written request by the Contractor, the Contracting Officer may authorize mill or shop cleaning of assembled
or partially assembled components specified to receive one of the vinyl-type paint systems or Systems Nos. 6-A-Z
and 21-A-Z employing the epoxy zinc-rich primer. The surfaces, if shop blasted, shall be shop coated with the
first and second coats of the specified paint system except that the epoxy zinc-rich primed surfaces shall receive
an extra single spray coat of the zinc primer at the time field painting is started, as specified in the paint
system instructions. The shop coating shall be maintained in good condition by cleaning and touching up of areas
damaged during the construction period. If pinpoint or general rusting appears, surfaces shall be reblasted
and repainted at no added cost to the Government. Prior to the field application of subsequent coats, soiled
areas of the shop coating shall be thoroughly cleaned and all welds or other unpainted or damaged areas shall
be cleaned and coated in a manner to make them equivalent to adjacent, undamaged paint surfaces.
3.1.4 Damp and Wet Ferrous Metal Surfaces
NOTE: Painting of surfaces wet with condensation or standing and running water
is not generally recommended. Dehumidification should be considered as a first
choice for surfaces wet with condensation. However, in some cases it is not
possible to achieve a dry surface for painting. In such cases the procedures
outlined here should be used. Thorough removal of mill scale, corrosion products,
and other surface contaminants is specified because very clean, blast-roughened
surfaces are necessary to obtain adequate adherence of the coating in the severe
application and exposure conditions involved.
Ferrous surfaces that are wet with condensation or standing or running water, shall be blast-cleaned to SSPC SP 5
. The blast profile, unless otherwise specified, shall be 38 to 76 microns 1.5 to 3.0 mils as measured by ASTM D 4417
, Method C. Appropriate abrasive blast media shall be used to produce the desired surface profile and to give
an angular anchor tooth pattern. Steel grit or shot media shall not be used. Weld spatter not dislodged by
blasting shall be removed with impact or grinding tools and the areas reblasted prior to painting. Surfaces
shall be as dry as possible at the time of blasting. Immediately after cleaning and prior to the formation of
extensive corrosion products, all ferrous surfaces blast cleaned to SSPC SP 5 shall be cleaned of residual abrasive
particles, and given the first coat of paint. A slightly visible rust bloom shall be permitted on surfaces to
be painted.
3.1.5 Galvanized, Aluminum, Aluminum Alloy, or Copper Surfaces
Where surfaces are specified to be painted, they shall be first washed with clean mineral spirits and then pretreated
with a primer conforming to SSPC Paint 27 in accordance with the following instructions. The pretreatment primer
shall be mixed by adding one volume of acid component (diluent) to four volumes of resin component (base solution)
slowly and with constant stirring. After mixing, the material shall be used within 8 hours. The pretreatment
primer shall be spray applied at a coverage rate of 6.1 to 7.4 square meters/L 250 to 300 square feet/gallon
(of resin component) to give a dry film thickness of 7 to 12 microns 0.3 to 0.5 mil. Small areas may be coated
by brush or swab. Care shall be exercised in spray application to avoid the deposition of dry particles on the
surface. A wet spray shall be maintained at all times by additional thinning with Normal Butanol ASTM D 304.
The acid component (diluent), over and above the amount prescribed above, shall not be used for thinning purposes.
Surfaces shall receive the first coat of paint after at least 1 but not more than 24 hours drying of the pretreatment
primer film.
3.1.6 Concrete Surfaces
NOTE: If painting of concrete is contemplated, the concrete section of the
specifications should be checked to see that the surfaces will be free enough
from voids, fins, and other defects to produce the desired appearance in the
finished paint job. Sacking, fin removal, grinding, etc., have not herein been
considered as a part of surface preparation of concrete for painting. Avoid
curing compounds and steel troweling on concrete surfaces to be painted. Painting
of concrete floors should be employed sparingly. For curing requirements of
concrete before painting, see supplementary application instructions for paint
systems No. 17 through 20. For additional information regarding inspection
procedures prior to surface preparation, surface preparation, inspection and
classification of prepared surfaces, and acceptance criteria of concrete surfaces
prepared for painting the specifier is referred to Joint Surface Preparation
Standard SSPC-SP 13 Surface Preparation of Concrete.
New concrete surfaces, including concrete floors, shall be permitted to age for a minimum of 30 days prior to
painting. Grease and oil removal shall be accomplished by solvent cleaning and/or detergent washing followed
by rinsing. Loosely adherent materials such as dirt, dust, laitance, efflorescence, bleed water residues, or
other foreign substances shall be removed by wire or fiber brushing, scrapers, light sandblasting, or other approved
means. For interior walls and floors, sandblasting, unless otherwise specifically authorized, shall be restricted
to the wet or vacuum type. Surface glaze, if present, shall be removed by light blasting or by scrubbing with
a 5-percent solution of phosphoric acid. The texture of the surface after etching shall be roughly equivalent
to the texture of an 80-120 grit sandpaper. If acid etching is used, the surface shall be thoroughly rinsed
with clean water to remove all traces of the acid. Prior to painting, the concrete shall be dry. Adequate dryness
shall be determined visually at the time of application by performing the following test. Tape 600 mm 2-foot
squares of polyethylene to the surface at random locations. The test patches shall remain in place overnight.
Coatings shall only be applied if there are no traces of moisture and surfaces are dry beneath the polyethylene
the following day.
3.1.7 Plaster Surfaces
NOTE: Where necessary, applicable provisions from UFGS Section 09 90 00 PAINTS
AND COATINGS may be included in project specifications to cover surface preparation
and painting of items not covered by this guide specification.
At the time of painting, plaster surfaces shall be thoroughly dry and clean and free from grit, loose plaster,
and surface irregularities. Cracks and holes shall be repaired with approved patching materials, properly keyed
to the existing surfaces, and sand-papered smooth. Plaster shall be permitted to age a minimum of 30 days before
painting.
3.2 PAINT APPLICATION
3.2.1 General
The finished coating shall be free from holidays, pinholes, bubbles, runs, drops, ridges, waves, laps, excessive
or unsightly brush marks, and variations in color, texture, and gloss. Application of initial or subsequent
coatings shall not commence until the Contracting Officer has verified that atmospheric conditions and the surfaces
to be coated are satisfactory. Each paint coat shall be applied in a manner that will produce an even, continuous
film of uniform thickness. Edges, corners, crevices, seams, joints, welds, rivets, corrosion pits, and other
surface irregularities shall receive special attention to ensure that they receive an adequate thickness of paint.
Spray equipment shall be equipped with traps and separators and where appropriate, mechanical agitators, pressure
gauges, pressure regulators, and screens or filters. Air caps, nozzles, and needles shall be as recommended
by the spray equipment manufacturer for the material being applied. Airless-type spray equipment may be used
only on broad, flat, or otherwise simply configured surfaces, except that it may be employed for general painting
if the spray gun is equipped with dual or adjustable tips of proper types and orifice sizes. Airless-type equipment
shall not be used for the application of vinyl paints.
3.2.2 Mixing and Thinning
Paints shall be thoroughly mixed, strained where necessary, and kept at a uniform composition and consistency
during application. Paste or dry-powder pigments specified to be added at the time of use shall, with the aid
of powered stirrers, be incorporated into the vehicle or base paint in a manner that will produce a smooth, homogeneous
mixture free of lumps and dry particles. Where necessary to suit conditions of the surface temperature, weather,
and method of application, the paint may be thinned immediately prior to use. Thinning shall generally be limited
to the addition of not more than 125 mL/L 1 pint per gallon of the proper thinner; this general limitation shall
not apply when more specific thinning instructions are provided. Paint that has been stored at low temperature,
shall be brought up to at least 21 degrees C 70 degrees F before being mixed and thinned, and its temperature
in the spray tank or other working container shall not fall below 15 degrees C 60 degrees F during the application.
Paint that has deteriorated in any manner to a degree that it cannot be restored to essentially its original
condition by customary field-mixing methods shall not be used and shall be removed from the project site. Paint
and thinner that is more than 1 year old shall be resampled and resubmitted for testing to determine its suitability
for application.
3.2.3 Atmospheric and Surface Conditions
Paint shall be applied only to surfaces that are above the dew point temperature and that are completely free
of moisture as determined by sight and touch. Paint shall not be applied to surfaces upon which there is detectable
frost or ice. Except as otherwise specified, the temperature of the surfaces to be painted and of air in contact
therewith shall be not less than 9 degrees C 45 degrees F during paint application nor shall paint be applied
if the surfaces can be expected to drop to 0 degrees C 32 degrees F or lower before the film has dried to a reasonably
firm condition. During periods of inclement weather, painting may be continued by enclosing the surfaces and
applying artificial heat, provided the minimum temperatures and surface dryness requirements prescribed previously
are maintained. Paint shall not be applied to surfaces heated by direct sunlight or other sources to temperatures
that will cause detrimental blistering, pinholing, or porosity of the film.
3.2.4 Time Between Surface Preparation and Painting
Surfaces that have been cleaned and/or otherwise prepared for painting shall be primed as soon as practicable
after such preparation has been completed but, in any event, prior to any deterioration of the prepared surface.
3.2.5 Method of Paint Application
Unless otherwise specified, paint shall be applied by brush or spray to ferrous and nonferrous metal surfaces.
Special attention shall be directed toward ensuring adequate coverage of edges, corners, crevices, pits, rivets,
bolts, welds, and similar surface irregularities. Other methods of application to metal surfaces shall be subject
to the specific approval of the Contracting Officer. Paint on plaster, concrete, or other nonmetallic surfaces
shall be applied by brush, roller, and/or spray.
3.2.6 Coverage and Film Thickness
Film thickness or spreading rates shall be as specified hereinafter. Where no spreading rate is specified, the
paint shall be applied at a rate normal for the type of material being used. In any event, the combined coats
of a specified paint system shall completely hide base surface and the finish coats shall completely hide undercoats
of dissimilar color.
3.2.6.1 Measurement on Ferrous Metal
Where dry film thickness requirements are specified for coatings on ferrous surfaces, measurements shall be made
with a gage qualified in accordance with paragraph Coating Thickness Gage Qualification. They shall be calibrated
and used in accordance with ASTM D 7091. They shall be calibrated using plastic shims with metal practically
identical in composition and surface preparation to that being coated, and of substantially the same thickness
(except that for measurements on metal thicker than 6 mm 1/4 inch, the instrument may be calibrated on metal
with a minimum thickness of 6 mm 1/4 inch). Frequency of measurements shall be as recommended for field measurements
by ASTM D 7091 and reported as the mean for each spot determination. The instruments shall be calibrated or
calibration verified prior to, during, and after each use.
3.2.6.2 Measurements on Nonferrous Metal
Where dry film thickness requirements are specified for coatings applied to nonferrous metal surfaces, measurements
shall be madeusing a gage qualified in accordance with paragraph Coating Thickness Gage Qualification. They
shall be calibrated and used in accordance with ASTM D 7091. Calibration shall be on metal identical in composition
and surface preparation to that being coated and of substantially the same thickness (except that for measurements
on metal thicker than 6 mm 1/4 inch, the instrument may be calibrated on metal with a minimum thickness of 6
mm 1/4 inch). Frequency of measurements shall be as recommended for field measurements by ASTM D 7091 and reported
as the mean for each spot determination. The instruments shall be calibrated or calibration verified prior to,
during, and after each use.
3.2.7 Progress of Painting Work
Where field painting on any type of surface has commenced, the complete painting operation, including priming
and finishing coats, on that portion of the work shall be completed as soon as practicable, without prolonged
delays. Sufficient time shall elapse between successive coats to permit them to dry properly for recoating,
and this period shall be modified as necessary to suit adverse weather conditions. Paint shall be considered
dry for recoating when it feels firm, does not deform or feel sticky under moderate pressure of the finger, and
the application of another coat of paint does not cause film irregularities such as lifting or loss of adhesion
of the undercoat. All coats of all painted surfaces shall be unscarred and completely integral at the time of
application of succeeding coats. At the time of application of each successive coat, undercoats shall be cleaned
of dust, grease, overspray, or foreign matter by means of airblast, solvent cleaning, or other suitable means.
Cement and mortar deposits on painted steel surfaces, not satisfactorily removed by ordinary cleaning methods,
shall be brush-off blast cleaned and completely repainted as required. Undercoats of high gloss shall, if necessary
for establishment of good adhesion, be scuff sanded, solvent wiped, or otherwise treated prior to application
of a succeeding coat. Field coats on metal shall be applied after erection except as otherwise specified and
except for surfaces to be painted that will become inaccessible after erection.
3.2.8 Contacting Surfaces
When riveted or ordinary bolted contact is to exist between surfaces of ferrous or other metal parts of substantially
similar chemical composition, such surfaces will not be required to be painted, but any resulting crevices shall
subsequently be filled or sealed with paint. Contacting metal surfaces formed by high-strength bolts in friction-type
connections shall not be painted. Where a nonmetal surface is to be in riveted or bolted contact with a metal
surface, the contacting surfaces of the metal shall be cleaned and given three coats of the specified primer.
Unless otherwise specified, corrosion-resisting metal surfaces, including cladding therewith, shall not be painted.
3.2.9 Drying Time Prior to Immersion
Minimum drying periods after final coat prior to immersion shall be: epoxy systems at least 5 days, vinyl-type
paint systems at least 3 days, and cold-applied coal tar systems at least 7 days. Minimum drying periods shall
be increased twofold if the drying temperature is below 18 degrees C 65 degrees F and/or if the immersion exposure
involves considerable abrasion.
3.2.10 Protection of Painted Surfaces
Where shelter and/or heat are provided for painted surfaces during inclement weather, such protective measures
shall be maintained until the paint film has dried and discontinuance of the measures is authorized. Items that
have been painted shall not be handled, worked on, or otherwise disturbed until the paint coat is fully dry and
hard. All metalwork coated in the shop or field prior to final erection shall be stored out of contact with
the ground in a manner and location that will minimize the formation of water-holding pockets; soiling, contamination,
and deterioration of the paint film, and damaged areas of paint on such metalwork shall be cleaned and touched
up without delay. The first field coat of paint shall be applied within a reasonable period of time after the
shop coat and in any event before weathering of the shop coat becomes extensive.
3.2.11 Vinyl Paints
3.2.11.1 General
Vinyl paints shall be spray applied, except that areas inaccessible to spraying shall be brushed. All of the
vinyl paints require thinning for spray application except the zinc-rich vinyl paint (Formula VZ 108d) which
will normally require thinning only under certain weather conditions. Thinners for vinyl paints shall be as
follows:
APPROXIMATE AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE
(Degrees F [Degrees C])
Below 50 [Below 10] MEK
50 - 70 [10 - 21] MIBK
Above 70 [Above 21] MIAK
The amount of thinner shall be varied to provide a wet spray and avoid deposition of particles that are semidry
when they strike the surface. Vinyl paints shall not be applied when the temperature of the ambient air and
receiving surfaces is less than 2 degrees C 35 degrees F nor when the receiving surfaces are higher than 51 degrees
C 125 degrees F. Each spray coat of vinyl paint shall consist of a preliminary extra spray pass on edges, corners,
interior angles, pits, seams, crevices, junctions of joining members, rivets, weld lines, and similar surface
irregularities followed by an overall double spray coat. A double spray coat of vinyl-type paint shall consist
of applying paint to a working area of not less than several hundred square feet (meters) in a single, half-lapped
pass, followed after drying to at least a near tack-free condition by another spray pass applied at the same
coverage rate and where practicable at right angles to the first. Rivets, bolts, and similar surface projections
shall receive sprayed paint from every direction to ensure complete coverage of all faces. Pits, cracks, and
crevices shall be filled with paint insofar as practicable, but in any event, all pit surfaces shall be thoroughly
covered and all cracks and crevices shall be sealed off against the entrance of moisture. Fluid and atomization
pressures shall be kept as low as practicable consistent with good spraying results. Unless otherwise specified,
not more than 50 microns 2.0 mils, average dry film thickness, of vinyl paint shall be applied per double spray
coat. Except where otherwise indicated, an undercoat of the vinyl-type paint may receive the next coat any time
after the undercoat is tack-free and firm to the touch, provided that no speedup or delay in the recoating schedule
shall cause film defects such as sags, runs, air bubbles, air craters, or poor intercoat adhesion. Neither the
prime coat nor any other coat shall be walked upon or be subjected to any other abrading action until it has
hardened sufficiently to resist mechanical damage.
3.2.11.2 Vinyl Zinc-Rich Primer
Primer shall be field mixed combining components A, B, and C. Mixing shall be in accordance with label instructions.
After mixing, the paint shall be kept covered at all times to avoid contamination and shall be applied within
8 days after it is mixed. When the ambient and/or steel temperature is below about 26 degrees C 80 degrees F
, the paint will not normally require thinning; however, the paint shall at all times contain sufficient volatiles
(thinners) to permit it to be satisfactorily atomized and to provide a wet spray and to avoid deposition of particles
that are semidry when they reach the surface. The paint shall be stirred continuously during application at
a rate that will prevent the zinc dust from settling. When spraying is resumed after any interruption of longer
than 15 minutes, the entire length of the material hose shall be whipped vigorously until any settled zinc is
redispersed. Long periods of permitting the paint to remain stagnant in the hose shall be avoided by emptying
the hoses whenever the painting operation is to be suspended for more than 1 hour. The material (paint) hoses
shall be kept as short as practicable, preferably not more than 15 m 50 feet in length. Equipment used for
spraying this zinc primer shall not be used for spraying other vinyl-type paints without first being thoroughly
cleaned, since many of the other paints will not tolerate zinc contamination; no type of hot spray shall be used.
An average dry film thickness of up to 63 microns 2.5 mils may be applied in one double-spray coat. Unless specifically
authorized, not more than 8 days shall elapse after application of a VZ-108d zinc-rich coat before it receives
a succeeding coat.
3.2.11.3 Vinyl Paints
Vinyl Paints (Formulas V-102e, V-103c, V-106d, and V-766e) are ready-mixed paints designed to be spray applied
over a wide range of ambient temperatures by field thinning with the proper type and amount of thinner. For
spray application, they shall be thinned as necessary up to approximately 25 percent (250 mL/L 1 quart/gallon
of base paint) with the appropriate thinner; when ambient and steel temperatures are above normal, up to 40-percent
thinning may be necessary for satisfactory application.
3.2.12 Coal Tar-Epoxy (Black) Paint (Formula C-200a)
3.2.12.1 Mixing
Component B shall be added to previously stirred Component A and thoroughly mixed together with a heavy-duty
mechanical stirrer just prior to use. The use of not more than 0.5 L 1 pint of xylene thinner per 4 L 1 gallon
of paint will be permitted to improve application properties and extend pot life. The pot life of the mixed
paint, extended by permissible thinning, may vary from 2 hours in very warm weather to 5 or more hours in cool
weather. Pot life in warm weather may be extended by precooling the components prior to mixing; cooling the
mixed material; and/or by slow, continuous stirring during the application period. The mixed material shall
be applied before unreasonable increases in viscosity take place.
3.2.12.2 Application
Spray guns shall be of the conventional type equipped with a fluid tip of approximately 2.3 mm 0.09 inch in diameter
and external atomization, seven-hole air cap. Material shall be supplied to the spray gun from a bottom withdrawal
pot or by means of a fluid pump; hose shall be 13 mm 1/2 inch in diameter. Atomization air pressure shall not
be less than 551.6 kPa 80 psi. High-pressure airless spray equipment may be used only on broad, simply configured
surfaces. Brush application shall be with a stiff-bristled tool heavily laden with material and wielded in a
manner to spread the coating smoothly and quickly without excessive brushing. The coverage rate of the material
is approximately 2.7 square meters/L 110 square feet/gallon per coat to obtain 500 microns 20 mils (dry thickness)
in a two-coat system. The paint shall flow together and provide a coherent, pinhole-free film. The direction
of the spray passes (or finish strokes if brushed) of the second coat shall be at right angles to those of the
first where practicable.
3.2.12.3 Subsequent Coats
Except at the high temperatures discussed later in this paragraph, the drying time between coal tar-epoxy coats
shall not be more than 72 hours, and application of a subsequent coat as soon as the undercoat is reasonably
firm is strongly encouraged. Where the temperature for substrate or coating surfaces during application or curing
exceeds or can be expected to exceed 52 degrees C 125 degrees F as the result of direct exposure to sunlight,
the surfaces shall be shaded by overhead cover or the interval between coats shall be reduced as may be found
necessary to avoid poor intercoat adhesion. Here, poor intercoat adhesion is defined as the inability of two
or more dried coats of coal tar-epoxy paint to resist delamination when tested aggressively with a sharp knife.
Under the most extreme conditions involving high ambient temperatures and sun-exposed surfaces, the drying time
between coats shall not exceed 10 hours, and the reduction of this interval to a few hours or less is strongly
encouraged. Where the curing time of a coal tar-epoxy undercoat exceeds 72 hours of curing at normal temperatures,
10 hours at extreme conditions, or where the undercoat develops a heavy blush, it shall be given one of the following
treatments before the subsequent coat is applied:
a. Etch the coating surface lightly by brush-off blasting, using fine sand, low air pressure, and a
nozzle-to-surface distance of approximately 1 m 3 feet.
b. Remove the blush and/or soften the surface of the coating by wiping it with cloths dampened with
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The solvents may be applied to the surface by fog spraying followed by wiping,
but any puddles of solvent must be mopped up immediately after they form. The subsequent coat shall
be applied in not less than 15 minutes or more than 3 hours after the solvent treatment.
3.2.12.4 Ambient Temperature
Coal tar-epoxy paint shall not be applied when the receiving surface or the ambient air is below 10 degrees C
50 degrees F nor unless it can be reasonably anticipated that the average ambient temperature will be 10 degrees
C 50 degrees F or higher for the 5-day period subsequent to the application of any coat.
3.2.12.5 Safety
In addition to the safety provisions in paragraph SAFETY AND HEALTH PROVISIONS, other workmen as well as painters
shall avoid inhaling atomized particles of coal tar-epoxy paint and contact of the paint with the skin.
3.3 PAINT SYSTEMS APPLICATION
The required paint systems and the surfaces to which they shall be applied are shown in this paragraph, and/or
in the drawings. Supplementary information follows.
3.3.1 Fabricated and Assembled Items
NOTE: Thought should be given beforehand as to which items are considered suitable
for receiving the manufacturer's standard coating and which are not. In some
cases, it may be advisable to include a listing of the items for which the manufacturer's
coating is considered adequate. In general, it is believed that a manufacturer's
standard coating will be at least reasonably adequate on most items that are
to be in normal interior or exterior atmospheric exposure, free from difficult
environmental factors, e.g., frequent condensation, water mists and spray, marine
atmospheres, etc. Information relative to the type paint to be applied as a
field topcoat should be included in each paragraph of the project specification
containing a requirement for shop priming.
Items that have been fabricated and/or assembled into essentially their final form and that are customarily cleaned
and painted in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice will be exempted from equivalent surface
preparation and painting requirements described herein, provided that:
a. Surfaces primed (only) in accordance with such standard practices are compatible with specified field-applied
finish coats.
b. Surfaces that have been primed and finish painted in accordance with the manufacturer's standard
practice are of acceptable color and are capable of being satisfactorily touched up in the field.
c. Items expressly designated herein to be cleaned and painted in a specified manner are not coated
in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice if different from that specified herein.
3.3.2 Surface Preparation
The method of surface preparation and pretreatment shown in the tabulation of paint systems is for identification
purposes only. Cleaning and pretreatment of surfaces prior to painting shall be accomplished in accordance with
detailed requirements previously described.
3.3.3 System No. 1
NOTE: This NOTE applies to System No. 2 below, and to Paragraphs titled "System
No. 15" and "System No. 16".
1. System Nos. 1, 2, 15 and 16 are all intended for ferrous surfaces subject
to atmospheric exposure, e.g. Bridges, light standards, corner wall protection,
gantries, exterior machinery and electric motors, adjacent piping and conduit,
water tank exteriors, etc. All have the ability to adhere to poorly cleaned
steel but have increased performance when applied over higher quality surface
preparation. The systems are not intended for coating steel subject to immersion
in water. Surfaces to be immersed even once every few years for just a few
weeks should be coated with a vinyl or epoxy system designed for immersion.
They may be used for interior or exterior atmospheric exposed surfaces of machinery,
motors, etc., operating at a maximum temperature of 121 degrees C (250 degrees
F). Where higher temperatures are involved, heat-resistant coatings as specified
herein should be used. Systems No. 1 and 2 provide an aluminum finish; Systems
No. 15 and 16 provide a wide choice of colors.
2. Systems Nos. 2 and 16 are conventional oil-based paints. Oil based systems
have a low material cost and can be easily applied and touched up by unskilled
labor. They may be used to touch-up areas previously painted with FS TT-P-86,
red lead primer. However, areas previously painted with FS TT-P-86 should be
considered for total deleading prior to repainting. Non-galvanized iron and
steel piping, conduit, hangers, etc., in interior unpainted spaces may also
be coated with these systems or may be left bare where appearance is of no concern.
Systems No. 13 and 14 should be specified for miscellaneous adjacent galvanized
and other nonferrous surfaces.
3. Systems No. 1 and 15 are epoxy and epoxy/urethane commercial product coatings.
These coatings have a higher material cost and require some skill for proper
application. Greater performance usually justifies the higher initial cost.
The epoxies in both systems are heavy bodied products applied at a thickness
somewhat greater than oil-based paints. Brush marks may not level resulting
in an uneven appearance. Compatibility for use over existing oil-based coatings
varies widely. Although not designed for immersion, System No. 1, when applied
over a Commercial Blast, will withstand occasional immersion better than the
oil-based systems. Immersion causes the urethane topcoat on System No. 15 to
delaminate quickly. System No. 15 has better gloss and color retention then
System No. 16. These systems may be applied to miscellaneous adjacent galvanized
and other nonferrous surfaces.
4. Systems No. 1 and 15 applied over a Commercial Blast are recommended where
atmospheric conditions are more than normally severe. Applications include
heavily industrialized locations, coastal structures over seawater or within
a few hundred feet of the water's edge, exteriors of steel penstocks and similar
surfaces exposed to long periods of condensation. System No. 21-A-Z with the
optional urethane topcoat may also be specified in these applications for greater
performance.
5. Power tool cleaning and brush-off blast cleaning are intended to be Contractor's
options and should be specified for minor touch up and repair of previously
painted surfaces that are in generally good condition. Commercial blast cleaning
is included as a specifier's option and should generally be used to prepare
previously painted surfaces that are in poor condition or steel that has never
been painted. When deleading is desired, a minimum of Commercial Blast, SSPC
SP 6, should be specified.
This epoxy paint system shall have been tested and passed all the test requirements of SSPC PS 26.00. Application
shall be by spray, brush or roller in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions. Dry film thickness
per coat shall be within plus or minus 20 percent of that recommended by the manufacturer. Application of the
system in less than two coats shall not be accepted. The epoxy coating shall be mixed and thinned in accordance
with the manufacturers written directions. Mixed coating material that has exceeded the manufacturers pot life
shall not be applied. Materials that have been mixed for more than 8 hours or that have thickened appreciably
shall not be applied. The manufacturer's recommendations for minimum and maximum dry time between coats shall
be met.
3.3.4 System No. 2
NOTE: See Note for Paragraph above.
The first coat shall be brush or spray applied in the shop or field as indicated at a maximum spreading rate
of 12.2 square meters/L 500 square feet/gallon and touched up in the field as necessary to maintain its integrity
at all times. The second or third coats of the system shall be applied in the field at a maximum spreading rate
of 11 square meters/L 450 square feet/gallon. Prior to applying field coats, all field welds, other bare metal,
and damaged areas of the shop-primed surfaces shall be cleaned and primed as previously specified except that
application shall be by brush.
3.3.5 System No. 3
NOTE: This Note applies to the next 6 paragraphs also.
1. Air quality regulations refer to solvents and thinners as "volatile organic
compounds" or VOC. VOC regulations place a maximum on the amount of VOC that
may be in each type of paint. (Properly thinned vinyls have a VOC of less than
780 g/L.) These regulations have been enacted at the local, state, and federal
levels. Generally the regulation of the smaller body is more restrictive, and
takes precedence over that of the larger body (i.e.; a city regulation could
preclude the application of a vinyl paint even though it is allowed by state
and federal regulations). Content of the regulations varies widely. The 1999
federal emission standards for architectural coatings has approximately 60 categories.
Its maximum allowable VOC for Industrial Maintenance paints is 450 g/L and for
Impacted Immersion Coatings is 780 g/L. Prior to specifying vinyl paint systems
the specifier should access the regulations which may exist in the area where
the painting will take place. In many localities "architectural" painting is
not regulated while shop painting falls into a category called "miscellaneous
metal parts". This may mean that a new tainter valve cannot be painted with
vinyl paint in the fabricating shop but could be painted after it is installed
in the field structure. The new federal regulation class "Impacted Immersion
Coatings" would allow the use of vinyl on the gates of a dam but not on the
service bridge. Enforcement of this type of regulation usually allows the application
of the coating to the entire item even if only a portion meets the purpose;
(i.e., Atmospheric and condensation areas of tainter gates could be painted
with vinyl even though these areas do not meet the "impacted immersion" requirements.).
2. All of the vinyl systems are extremely durable in exterior atmospheric exposure;
therefore, lock gates, crest gates, and similar structures with both immersed
and weather-exposed areas may be painted overall with the same coating system.
Vinyl systems should not be employed in direct immersion in seawater or other
saline waters containing over 1,000 ppm chlorides or tideland splash zone area;
see notes to System No. 6-A-Z and 21-A-Z with respect to the latter exposures.
3. The aluminum topcoats make Systems No. 3 and No. 3-A-Z very water and sunlight
resistant but somewhat soft. They are the standard systems for surfaces subject
to immersion intermittently or continuously in quiet or low-velocity fresh water
or to prolonged condensation. They are considered suitable for interior surfaces
or roller and double-skinplate tainter gates, control gates that normally hang
in relatively quiet water, lock gates, stoplogs, interior of water tanks except
those subject to severe debris and ice action, and for surfaces subject to prolonged
condensation. The zinc primer increases the resistance to underfilm corrosion
and to corrosion-undercutting at scratches and breaks in the coating and should
be specified in more corrosive waters or where the complexity of the structure
makes void free application difficult.
4. Systems No. 4, 5-D, 5-C-Z, and 5-E-Z provide finish colors other than aluminum.
All of the systems are considerably more resistant to erosion, abrasion, and
gouging than the aluminum Systems No. 3 or 3-A-Z and the black System 5-A-Z
and should be used for immersed surfaces subject to waters of moderate-to-high
velocity and turbulence, particularly where floating debris and/or ice is of
some significance. Under such circumstances, surface configuration assumes
importance in as much as paint on sharp edges, rivet heads, and similar projections
tends to be more damage-prone than on smooth surfaces. Systems No. 4, 5-D,
5-C-Z, and 5-E-Z are considered suitable for most freshwater structures subject
to moderate-to-high abrasive, erosive, and gouging stresses stemming from moving
water carrying floating debris and ice, e.g., navigation dam gates, tainter
valves, sluice gates, trash racks, crest gates in some circumstances, and water
tanks if exposed to ice action. The systems are most generally recommended
for penstocks, spiral cases, and surge tanks. The use of the Systems No. 5-C-Z
and 5-E-Z undercoated with zinc-rich paint are preferred because of superior
adhesion, resistance to underfilm corrosion, and to undercutting by corrosion
at breaks or holidays in the film.
5. Systems No. 4, 5-D, 5-C-Z, and 5-E-Z may not perform satisfactorily on freshwater
immersed gate, valve, and pipe surfaces subject to very high velocities and
turbulence, either alone or in combination with the action of suspended matter,
floating debris, or ice. Where such conditions are anticipated, metallizing
system No. 6-Z-A, described in UFGS Section 09 97 01.00 10 METALIZING: HYDRAULIC
STRUCTURES, should be considered.
6. Generally, entire surface areas of items such as crest gates, miter gates,
etc., should be treated as though subject to immersion (e.g., painted overall
with a vinyl system) even though exposed only in part to the weather to avoid
the problems and costs introduced by applying a different system such as No.
2 on the atmospheric areas. Because of its great durability in atmospheric
exposure, the additional cost of the vinyl system will eventually be recovered
in lower maintenance expenses.
7. The vinyl systems, particularly those including the zinc-rich undercoat,
are resistant to damage by supplementary cathodic protection if the applied
current is carefully limited to the minimum required for protection of holidays
in the film.
8. Aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces subject to extended continuous immersion
lose the protective oxide coating and allow pitting corrosion to progress rapidly.
Surfaces may be protected by abrasive blasting and applying a vinyl paint system
employing V-766e as the first and second coats. Third and subsequent coats
may be of V-766, V-102, V-103, or V-106, depending on the desired durability
or color. Systems No. 3 and 4 may be specified without alteration to provide
aluminum or gray colors, respectively; black and red colors may be obtained
by modifying System No. 5-A-Z and 5-D, respectively, so that the first and second
coats are V-766. (When paint systems are altered in this manner, the existing
system number should not be used). Systems No. 1, 13, and 14 may also be used
on aluminum surfaces where exposures are not as severe.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 150 microns 6.0 mils for the completed
system and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 125 microns 5.0 mils. Approximately 75 microns
3.0 mils of the total dry film thickness shall be built up with Formula V-766e paint. The specified film thickness
shall be attained in any event, and any additional coats needed to attain specified thickness shall be applied
at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining the specified film thickness in fewer than the prescribed
number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided the heavier applications do not cause an increase
in pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that not more than 50 microns 2.0
mils (dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mil per single spray pass shall
be applied at one time.
3.3.6 System No. 3-A-Z
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 165 microns 6.5 mils for the completed
system, and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 138 microns 5.5 mils. The dry film thickness of
the zinc-rich coat shall be approximately 63 microns 2.5 mils. Specified film thickness, including the prescribed
total, shall be attained in any event, and any extra coats needed to attain specified thickness shall be applied
at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining of the specified film thickness in fewer than the prescribed
number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier applications do not cause an increase in
pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that not more than 50 microns 2.0 mils
(dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mil per single spray pass of nonzinc
paint shall be applied at one time.
3.3.7 System No. 4
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 190 microns 7.5 mils for the completed
system, and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 150 microns 6.0 mils. The specified total film
thickness shall be attained in any event, and additional coats needed to attain the specified thickness shall
be applied at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining the specified film thickness in fewer than the
prescribed number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier applications do not cause an increase
in pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that no more than 50 microns 2.0
mils (dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mil per single spray pass of nonzinc
paint shall be applied at one time.
3.3.8 System No. 5-A-Z
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 165 microns 6.5 mils for the completed
system and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 125 microns 5.0 mils. The approximate dry film
thickness after application of the first and second double spray coats shall be 63 and 100 microns 2.5 and 4.0
mils, respectively. The specified film thickness shall be attained in any event, and any additional coats needed
to attain specified thickness shall be applied at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining the specified
film thickness in fewer than the prescribed number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier
applications do not cause an increase in pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided
that not more than 50 microns 2.0 mils (dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0
mil per single spray pass of nonzinc paint shall be applied at one time.
3.3.9 System No. 5-C-Z
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 175 microns 7.0 mils for the completed
system, and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 140 microns 5.5 mils. The dry film thickness of
the zinc-rich coat shall be approximately 63 microns 2.5 mils. Specified film thickness, including the prescribed
total, shall be attained in any event, and any extra coats needed to attain specified thickness shall be applied
at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining of the specified film thickness in fewer than the prescribed
number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier applications do not cause an increase in
pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that not more than 50 microns 2.0 mils
(dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mil per single spray pass of nonzinc
paint shall be applied at one time.
3.3.10 System No. 5-D
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 190 microns 7.5 mils for the completed
system, and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 150 microns 6.0 mils. The specified total film
thickness shall be attained in any event, and any additional coats needed to attain specified thickness shall
be applied at no additional cost to the Government. Attaining the specified film thickness in fewer than the
prescribed number of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier applications do not cause an increase
in pinholes, bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that not more than 50 microns 2.0
mils (dry film thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mils per single spray pass of nonzinc
paint shall be applied at one time.
3.3.11 System No. 5-E-Z
NOTE: See Note for System 3 above.
Paint shall be spray applied to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 175 microns 7.0 mils for the completed
system, and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 140 microns 5.5 mils. The dry film thickness of
the zinc-rich primer shall be approximately 63 microns 2.5 mils. The specified film thickness shall be attained
in any event, and any extra coats needed to attain the specified thickness shall be applied at no additional
cost to the Government. Attaining the specified film thickness by applying fewer than the prescribed number
of coats or spray passes will be acceptable provided heavier applications do not cause an increase in pinholes,
bubbles, blisters, or voids in the dried film and also provided that not more than 50 microns 2.0 mils (dry film
thickness) per double spray coat nor more than 25 microns 1.0 mil per single spray pass of nonzinc paint shall
be applied at one time.
3.3.12 System No. 6
NOTE: This NOTE applies to the next paragraph also.
1. Systems No. 6 and 6-A-Z are suitable for steel surfaces subject to immersion
in fresh waters and, to a degree, their usefulness in this environment overlaps
the vinyl systems. However, the vinyl systems are considered to be more suitable
for components that are intermittently immersed or are partly immersed and partly
in exterior atmospheric exposure. Also, the vinyl systems, except those with
aluminum or black vinyl topcoats, are considered to be appreciably more resistant
to gouging and abrasion than the No. 6 and 6-A-Z systems. The vinyls are adaptable
to use under a wider range of application and drying temperatures than the coal
tar-epoxy system. In addition, coal tar epoxy-coatings present more problems
in application and inspection than vinyls. For interior surfaces of flooded
compartments, spiral (turbine) cases, penstocks, and other large-diameter, low-to-moderate-velocity
water conduits, and for exposed ferrous surfaces in dewatering and drainage
sumps, the coal tar epoxy has excellent long-range performance capabilities
and may be used (in place of vinyls) unless the specified application and curing
temperature requirements would appear to unreasonably restrict construction
progress. Also, while the vinyl systems perform very well in the great majority
of fresh waters, Systems No. 6 and 6-A-Z may be better adapted to waters that
have been made highly corrosive by intense industrial contamination, sewage,
or mine waters. In general, system No. 6-A-Z is preferred to the No. 6 system
by a margin wide enough to outweigh its additional cost.
2. Systems No. 6 and 6-A-Z are also recommended for exterior steel surfaces
of buried tanks and pipe. The systems should not be specified indiscriminately
for pipe since, in small-to-moderately large diameters and particularly in large
quantities, pipe coated in the shop at reasonable cost with hot-applied coal
tar enamel (AWWA C203), fusion bond epoxy coating (AWWA C213), or extruded polyethylene
is easily obtainable, while coal tar epoxy is not widely available as mill-applied
pipe coating. Where large quantities of underground pipe are involved, see
coating and pipe materials information in the various guide specifications for
underground utility lines. Steel pipe, shop coated with extruded polyethylene,
and field joints, double wrapped with hot-applied coal tar tape (AWWA C203)
or pressure-sensitive plastic tape (AWWA C209), warrant consideration for hydraulic
and other lines subject to underwater immersion.
3. System No. 6 or 6-A-Z should be used for coating (prior to driving) of underground,
underwater, and incidental atmospheric exposed sections of inland steel piling
where protection is considered necessary. Piling in undisturbed soils will
not in general require protection; see National Bureau of Standards Journal
of Research (Vol. 66C, No. 3, July-September 62) paper, Corrosion of Steel
Pilings in Soils, and Lower Mississippi Valley Division Report (December 1969)
concerning same subject distributed to all districts and divisions.
4. System No. 6-A-Z may be used for sector gates, steel piling etc., immersed
in seawater and diluted seawater. It is suitable also for the tidal zone, splash
zone, and incidental weather-exposed sections of such structures. The coal
tar-epoxy coating becomes quite hard and is not significantly damaged by fouling
organisms; therefore, anti-fouling coats are not considered necessary except
possibly for operations reasons, e.g., prevention of weight increase and surface
roughness due to fouling and reduction of repainting difficulties. There is
presently no thoroughly proven anti-fouling paint for use over the coal tar-epoxy
coating. Contact the Paint Technology Center, U.S. Army Construction Engineering
Research Laboratory, ATTN: CECER-FM, Champaign, IL.
5. The fact that C-200a paint adheres well to clean, sound concrete and also
has good resistance to many chemicals indicates the use of a system similar
to System No. 6 on concrete surfaces in contact with sewage and other materials
tending to cause chemical damage. When used for concrete exposed to such environments,
the surface preparation instructions for System No. 6 should be changed to read
blast clean to etch surfaces and remove contaminants. Obviously, the use of
coatings to upgrade the chemical resistance of concrete has limitations and
should not be relied on to solve an exposure situation in which uncoated concrete
would be quickly damaged to a gross degree.
6. P-38 or SSPC PS 26.00 may be employed as aluminum finish coats for C-200a
when such a finish is desired. The former is less expensive, easier to apply,
and produces a brighter finish than the latter but tends to lose adhesion and
peel off of the C-200a in tidal and splash zone areas. The latter adheres well
to the C-200a in all except constant immersion applications.
7. System No. 6-A-Z and, to a lesser extent, System No. 6 are suitable for
use in conjunction with cathodic protection provided the potential of the steel
is kept at the minimum required for protection of holidays in the film.
Paint shall be spray or brush applied with a minimum of two coats to provide a minimum total thickness at any
point of 400 microns 16 mils. The specified film thickness shall be attained in any event, and any additional
(beyond two) coats needed to attain specified thickness shall be applied at no additional cost to the Government.
3.3.13 System No. 6-A-Z
NOTE: See Note in above paragraph.
Epoxy zinc-rich primer 19B shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's directions in two single, half-lapped
spray coats to an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 75 microns 3.0 mils. The thickness at any point
shall not be less than 63 microns 2.5 mils or greater 200 microns 8 mils for the primer. After a minimum drying
period of 6 hours and no more than 96 hours, at least two coats of coal tar epoxy paint shall be applied to provide
a minimum thickness at any point of 400 microns 16 mils for the completed system. If the epoxy zinc-rich paint
has been applied in the shop or otherwise has been permitted to cure for longer than 96 hours, it shall be abraded
and recoated with an additional thin tack coat of the zinc-rich paint, which in turn shall be overcoated within
96 hours with the first coat of coal tar-epoxy paint. The specified film thicknesses shall be attained in any
event, and any additional coats needed to attain specified thickness shall be applied at no additional cost to
the Government.
3.3.14 System No. 7
NOTE: 1. The system is included specifically for use on local protection projects
and is not to be used on other types of projects in place of vinyl or coal tar-epoxy
systems. It may be used for coating the ferrous surfaces of equipment located
below the operating floor of pump stations (in the station sump), in gate wells,
in surge chambers, etc. The items usually involved are storm water and sanitary
pumps, slide gates, flap gates, etc. The coating, when applied to equipment
and other manufactured items, should generally be permitted to be applied in
the shop. Final touch-up painting should be done after installation is completed.
2. Pump discharge lines, except when located wholly within the station sump,
should be protected as stipulated in Section 9 of EM 1110-2-3105. Discharge
lines wholly within the station sump should be considered as part of the pump.
Items of fabricated structural steel used in pump stations and on other features
of local protection projects are usually of small size and are generally hot
dipped galvanized after fabrication. Only those items fabricated of structural
steel of such a large size that galvanizing would be impracticable or unduly
expensive would be painted.
3. Cleaning of the metal surfaces can be accomplished by (1) SSPC SP 6 Commercial
Blast Cleaning or (2) by SSPC SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning or SSPC SP 7 Brush-Off
Blast Cleaning. Only one of the alternative methods should be specified. Although
the Commercial blast cleaning assures better performance of the coating, it
is considered that it should only be used where large pumping units are used.
For the smaller pumping units, that is, size 900 mm (36 inch) and below, power
tool or brush-off blast cleaning is considered adequate since it will, in all
probability, be more in keeping with the standard practice of the industry for
equipment of the above-mentioned size. For the cleaning of sluice gates, flap
gates, and other similar items, power tool or brush-off blast cleaning should
be used. For touch-up paints, cleaning should be by the solvent and wire-brush
method.
A special primer shall be used under the coal tar-base paint only if/as recommended by the coating manufacturer.
The materials shall be heavily applied by brush or with heavy-duty spray equipment at a coverage rate that will
give a minimum total dry film thickness of 500 microns 20 mils at any point for the completed system. The paint
shall not be thinned unless recommended by the manufacturer. If brushed, the final strokes shall be at right
angles to those of the preceding coat. Application and drying time between coats shall be as recommended by
the coating manufacturer.
3.3.15 System No. 8
NOTE: The Commercial Item Description describes commercially available coating
systems for application to wet and damp surfaces.
The coating shall be mixed and applied in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions. The coating
shall be applied in one or more coats to achieve an average dry film thickness of a minimum of 305 microns 12
mils. Minimum thickness at any point shall be not less than 228 microns 9 mils. Roller application is preferred.
Application to vertical surfaces by airless spray may be performed provided all condensed water droplets are
removed by wiping with a terry cloth towel immediately prior to spray application. Application to horizontal
surfaces or surfaces otherwise covered by standing or running water shall be by roller. Brush application shall
be limited to inside corners, bolt heads and other surface irregularities that are difficult to coat by roller.
Subsequent coats shall be applied in the shortest recommended recoat interval. The minimum manufacturer recommended
ambient and surface temperatures shall be maintained during application and curing of the coating.
3.3.16 System No. 9
NOTE: 1. The system is intended for interior structural steel and other interior
ferrous surfaces not otherwise specified with respect to painting. The category
includes structural and miscellaneous steel exposed to view in unfinished spaces,
concealed structural framework of buildings, and other ferrous surfaces that
will be inaccessible for painting after construction, all of which are enclosed
within a weather-tight structure. Care should be taken that requirements in
this section are not in conflict with other painting requirements.
2. If the anticipated exposure conditions involve prolonged or frequent periods
of high humidity and condensation, the addition of a coat of P-38 aluminum paint
may be indicated, or in extreme situations, System No. 3 may be used. Where
steelwork is permanently assured after erection of freedom from weathering,
wind-driven rain, high humidity, condensation, etc., consideration should be
given to limiting the painting (exclusive of decorative coats in finished areas)
to the shop-applied first coat.
3. The specification provisions relative to substitution of finish paints for
the second coat of primer in painted spaces is intended only to inform the Contractor
that the second coat of primer is not always required. The details of the substitute
finish painting should be taken care of elsewhere, e.g., in connection with
painting of room walls and ceilings.
The first coat shall be spray or brush applied in the shop at a maximum spreading rate of 12.2 square meters/L
500 square feet/gallon. The shop coat shall be touched up in the field as necessary to maintain its integrity
at all times. The second coat shall be field applied at a minimum spreading rate of 11 square meters/L 450 square
feet/gallon. Where directed, structural steel and miscellaneous ferrous surfaces in painted spaces shall, in
lieu of the specified second primer coat, be finish painted to match adjacent painted surfaces.
3.3.17 System No. 10
NOTE: 1. System No. 10 consists of 2 coats of inorganic zinc paint. SSPC
Guide 12.00 discusses applications and limitations to the use of zinc-rich coatings.
Use of this system within the Corps is anticipated to be limited to 2 basic
applications: (a) For applications as a high temperature paint where exhaust
stacks and other surfaces are to be protected from corrosion at dry heat temperatures
up to 399 degrees C (750 degrees F); and, (b) To protect atmospheric steel exposed
to high levels of condensation or salt air and where the appearance of an untopcoated
zinc coating is acceptable.
2. Conventional good-quality alkyd enamels will withstand temperatures up to
about 120 degrees C (250 degrees F). Heat resisting paints are available (e.g.,
CID A-A-3054) that provide many colors capable of withstanding 215 degrees C
(400 degrees F). System No. 10 is resistant to temperatures up to 400 degrees
C (750 degrees F) maximum. It is not to be expected that any paint system will
exhibit long life on surfaces operating for long periods at very high temperatures
(in excess of about 400 degrees C (750 degrees F)), particularly when combined
with exterior weathering. As an alternative to conventional high temperature
coatings, thermal-sprayed metals such as System No. 8-A found in UFGS Section
09 97 01.00 10 METALIZING: HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES may be used. System No. 8-A
will withstand temperatures up to 900 degrees C (1,650 degrees F).
3. Surface preparation for inorganic zinc is critical; mill scale, rust or
other coatings remaining on the surface will result in poor adhesion and ineffective
protection. Application by spray is most common; application of excessive thickness
per coat often results in mudcracking. Topcoating of inorganic zinc with non-zinc
organic coatings is not recommended.
Paint shall be applied according to manufacturers recommendations to a minimum average dry film thickness of
125 microns 5 mils and the thickness at any point shall not be less than 100 microns 4.0 mils. The specified
film thickness may be obtained in a single coat provided this is allowed by manufacturers recommendations and
provided this does not result in improper cure or result in the development of mud cracking or other film defects.
3.3.18 System No. 12
NOTE: 1. The inclusion of galvanizing provisions in the painting section of
project specification may or may not be desirable and is not mandatory. A principal
purpose here is to draw attention to certain information concerning galvanizing
versus paint for protection of steel surfaces.
2. Galvanizing of open-mesh-type floor grating (without paint overcoats) is
more effective than painting.
3. FS RR-G-661 for floor grating contains galvanizing provisions. Many standard
specifications covering metal items which are adaptable to it do not contain
galvanizing provisions, and in such cases galvanizing must be specified separately.
4. There would appear to be a mistaken belief that galvanizing is a cure-all
method of protection. While very suitable for steel in rural and mildly industrialized
atmospheres, galvanizing does not have a greatly extended life in highly industrialized
atmospheres, particularly where the air contains sulphur compounds. Galvanizing
is not as effective as the best of paint coatings for steel exposed to cold,
fresh water, and in warm and hot waters, galvanizing may result in pitting of
the steel deeper than with no coating at all. The performance of galvanized
pipe buried in the ground is not consistently good, and it cannot be considered
to be equivalent to a high-quality organic pipe coating, particularly since
the latter can be supplemented by cathodic protection.
5. The use of galvanizing appears to be economically justified in aboveground
structures exposed to mildly corrosive atmospheres, constructed of lightweight
structural steel members, and presenting difficult-to-paint and inaccessible
surfaces, e.g., transmission towers. The feasibility and economy of galvanizing
on structures that are more massive and more easily painted is open to question,
but its use on such surfaces is growing. To be considered also is the amount
and nature of field erection work that results in destruction of the galvanizing,
since satisfactory repair of such damage is difficult and expensive. It should
be kept in mind that galvanizing generally has a poor record as a paint-receiving
surface, requiring special measures for reliable and permanent adhesion.
6. Other hot-dipped coatings exist that contain various ratios of zinc and
aluminum. Some of these coatings may perform better than galvanizing in some
exposures. For example, aluminum hot-dipped coatings of pure aluminum are recommended
for chloride environments.
Galvanized surfaces shall be washed to expose damaged areas. Mars and breaks in the galvanized coating shall
be hand or power tool cleaned to remove all corroded substrate. The damaged areas shall be touched up with two
coats of SSPC Paint 20, Type II.
3.3.19 System No. 13
NOTE: This NOTE applies to System 14 also.
1. These systems and the following notes concern the painting of hot-dip coated
steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and copper surfaces.
2. Galvanized surfaces and other hot-dip coated surfaces will not generally
be painted. However, in exterior industrial and marine exposures or in below
grade galleries and passageways subject to high humidity and condensation, painting
to extend the protective life of galvanizing is sometimes advisable. Also galvanized
ductwork, conduit, piping, etc., in finished spaces is generally painted for
appearance purposes. System No. 13 is intended generally for galvanized handrail,
pipe, conduit, etc., subject to exterior or interior exposure for the purpose
of extending the life of the zinc coating and/or matching the appearance of
adjacent painted structural steel. If preferred, System No. 14 in gray or other
suitable color may be used for this purpose.
3. Aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces will not generally be painted; however,
System No. 13 may be desirable for isolating aluminum in contact with mortar
or concrete. System No. 13 can be used for protection in salt (marine) atmospheres
and for those situations where the aluminum surfaces may be in contact with
damp wood, leaves, mud, etc., that tend to prevent free access of oxygen to
the surfaces, thus causing possible loss of the metal's protective oxide film.
4. Copper surface will rarely be painted except for the purpose of appearance,
e.g., gutters, exposed flashing, exposed piping in finished spaces, etc. Good
adherence of any convenient paint system may be anticipated when applied over
the SSPC Paint 27 pretreatment.
Apply P-38 coats at a maximum spreading rate of 11 square meters/L 450 square feet/gallon.
3.3.20 System No. 14
NOTE: See NOTE for System 13 above.
All products shall be applied in compliance with manufacturer's written
instructions.
3.3.21 System No. 15
NOTE: See Note for Paragraph titled "System No. 1".
This system shall consist of an epoxy primer and polyurethane topcoat passing all the test requirements of the
Commercial Item Description. Application shall be by spray, brush or roller. Dry film thickness of each coat
shall be within plus or minus 20 percent of that recommended by the manufacturer for the qualification testing.
The epoxy and urethane coatings shall be mixed and thinned in accordance with the manufacturers written directions.
Mixed coating material that has exceeded the manufacturers pot life shall not be applied. Materials that have
been mixed for more than 8 hours or that have thickened appreciably shall not be applied. The manufacturers
recommendations for minimum and maximum dry time between coats shall be met.
3.3.22 System No. 16
NOTE: See Note for Paragraph titled "System No. 1".
The first coat shall be brush or spray applied in the shop or field as indicated at a maximum spreading rate
of 12.2 square meters/L 500 square feet/gallon and touched up in the field as necessary to maintain its integrity
at all times. The second and third coats shall be applied in the field at a maximum spreading rate of 11 square
meters/L 450 square feet/gallon. The finish color shall be as indicated. No paint shall be applied to running
surfaces of bearings and machinery. Pipe-threading and cutting compounds shall be removed by solvent washing
prior to application of paint to pipe surfaces.
3.3.23 System No. 17
NOTE: This Note applies to System 18 also.
1. Systems No. 17 and 18 are intended primarily for interior surfaces of wood,
concrete, masonry, plaster, wallboard, and incidental surfaces within interior
painted spaces. System No. 17 provides an all latex system; System No. 18 provides
paint systems with oil based alkyd finish coats. The latex system typically
has less odor during and immediately after application. Latexes are compatible
with alkaline surfaces but may be less durable when subjected to frequent cleaning
with abrasive cleansers. Repainting of aged latex paints presents fewer intercoat
adhesion problems than when repainting aged semigloss and gloss oil based paints.
Additional systems intended for similar surfaces are shown in guide specification
UFGS Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS.
2. System 17 provides options for the specifier to select finish coats which
are MPI 114 (high gloss), MPI 54 (semigloss), MPI 52 (egg shell), or MPI 53
(flat). See paragraph 4 below for guidance in selection of the proper finish
coat. When multiple gloss levels are to be used in a contract the specifier
should develop alternate systems using an additional letter (System No. 17A,
vs. System No. 17B) and clearly identify the items to be coated with each system.
3. System 18 requires the specifier to select both the appropriate primer and
the appropriate finish coats. MPI 46 primer is an alkyd. Products meeting
this specification typically have superior adhesion to wood and existing oil
based enamel coatings. They may be applied directly to clean ferrous surfaces
but should not be applied directly onto sheet rock, masonry, galvanized metal,
or other alkaline surfaces. MPI 50 primer is latex. Products meeting this specification
are commonly applied to a wide range of sheet rock, masonry, and wood surfaces;
however, they should not be applied directly to unprimed ferrous or aluminum
surfaces. All finish coats are compatible with either primer. The options
for finish coats include MPI 49 (Flat), MPI 47 (Semigloss), MPI 51 (Eggshell)
and MPI 48 (Gloss). See paragraph 4 below for guidance in selection of the
proper gloss. When multiple gloss levels are to be used on a contract the specifier
should develop alternate systems using an additional letter (System No. 18A
vs. System No. 18B) and clearly identify the items to be coated with each system.
4. Flat finishes tend to hide surface irregularities but are often more difficult
to clean. They should be used for walls and ceilings constructed of concrete,
block, plaster, or wallboard where no unusual soiling problems exist. Egg shell
finishes are sometimes specified where flat finishes are desired but a higher
level of cleanability is required. Semigloss finishes are specified on smooth
plaster, wood, or other high quality surfaces when appearance requirements are
above average. Semigloss and high gloss finishes should generally be used on
wainscot areas, stairwells, washrooms, workrooms, etc., subject to moisture,
soiling, or staining problems. Avoidance of very light colors on wainscots
and other areas subject to high degree of soiling is suggested. Semigloss and
high gloss finishes are frequently applied over an alkyd primer on interior
wood and steel doors, windows, frames, etc.
5. The use of the systems for finishing complex spaces (such as in powerhouses)
involving numerous ceiling, wall, wainscot, door, and trim colors and varying
degrees of gloss in numerous rooms is more easily specified by preparing a separate
room and door finish schedule.
6. Attention is directed to the absence of any requirements in this guide for
rubbing, sacking, fin removal, etc., to improve the paintability or appearance
of painted concrete surfaces; such requirements, if needed, should be included
in the concrete section. Also, if coated interior concrete block surfaces are
intended to be substantially free of surface voids, they should be first treated
with MPI 4 Interior/Exterior Latex Block Filler.
7. System No. 18 with MPI 46 primer and semigloss or gloss finish coats is
adequate for battery rooms in some divisions. However, System No. 21 conforms
to the requirements of EM 1110-2-3001.
Except as otherwise required, metal ductwork, conduit, pipe, radiators, grilles, louvers, pull boxes, and exposed
surfaces of miscellaneous embedded metalwork shall be finish painted the same as adjacent ceilings or walls provided
that:
a. The coat of MPI 50 may be omitted on metal surfaces primed with a shop or field coat of metal priming
paint.
b. On bare ferrous surfaces the coat of MPI 50 shall be replaced with a coat of either SSPC Paint 25
or a coat of MPI 46.
c. Galvanized and other nonferrous metal surfaces shall be solvent cleaned in accordance with SSPC SP 1
and pretreated with SSPC Paint 27 in place of the MPI 50 coat.
3.3.24 System No. 18
NOTE: See NOTE for System 17 above.
Oil based alkyd paints shall be thinned using only odorless mineral spirits (ASTM D 235). Except as otherwise
required, metal ductwork, conduit, pipe, radiators, grilles, louvers, pull boxes, and exposed surfaces of miscellaneous
embedded metalwork shall be finished the same as adjacent ceilings or walls provided that:
a. The coat of MPI 46 or MPI 50 may be omitted on metal surfaces primed with a shop or field coat of
metal priming paint.
b. All bare ferrous surfaces shall be primed with either MPI 46 or SSPC Paint 25.
c. Galvanized and other nonferrous metal surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with SSPC SP 1 and
pretreated with SSPC Paint 27 in place of MPI 46 or MPI 50.
3.3.25 System No. 21
NOTE: This NOTE applies to the next paragraph also.
1. MIL-DTL-24441 consists of a general specification for a two-component epoxy-polyamide
paint and detail specification sheets numbered MIL-DTL-24441/19B through MIL-DTL-24441/40A.
Each specification sheet contains the formulation and requirements for a specific
coating. Variations include high-build and regular build types for various
primers and topcoat colors. Type IV high-build topcoats may be used over the
19B primer in System 21-A-Z; however, Type III products offer superior performance
in immersion. Any of the type III or Type IV topcoats may be used directly
on concrete or wood surfaces. Primer 29A should be specified for aluminum substrates
or steel surfaces that are not primed with zinc-rich primer 19B. The designer
must specify the specific coatings desired.
2. System No. 21 is suggested for concrete and other incidental surfaces of
battery rooms and other rooms where resistance to chemical fumes is desired
and/or which will be subjected to heavy soils necessitating frequent cleaning.
It may be used on interior concrete floors; however, System No. 22 is specifically
designed for this purpose.
3. Attention is directed to the absence in this guide of any requirements such
as sacking, fin removal, etc., that would improve the paintability or appearance
of painted concrete surfaces; such requirements should be included in the concrete
section.
4. System No. 21-A-Z can be used on steel sector gates, steel piling, etc.,
immersed in seawater and diluted seawater. It is suitable also for the tidal
zone, splash zone, and incidental weather exposed sections of such structures.
The system is satisfactory in applications subject to low-to-moderate water
velocities and abrasion. System No. 6-A-Z should be specified for applications
where more severe abrasion is anticipated.
5. Systems No. 21 and 21-A-Z are suitable for steel surfaces subject to immersion
in fresh waters and to a degree their usefulness in the environment overlaps
vinyl Systems No. 3 through 5-E-Z and Epoxy Systems 6 and 6-A-Z. However, the
vinyl Systems are more suitable for components that are intermittently immersed
or are partly immersed and partly in exterior atmospheric exposure. Also, the
vinyl Systems, except those topcoated with aluminum vinyl, are more resistant
to gouging and abrasion than the epoxy systems, with vinyl Systems No. 5-C-Z
and 5-E-Z being the best in this respect. Finally, the vinyls are adaptable
to use under a wider range of applications and drying temperatures than the
epoxy systems. In general, System No. 21-A-Z is preferred to System No. 21
by a margin wide enough to outweigh its additional cost.
6. System No. 21-A-Z is suitable for use on exterior steel exposed to a marine
(salt) atmosphere.
7. Systems No. 21 and 21-A-Z are suitable for use on hydraulic piping immersed
in fresh water and may be considered equivalent to Systems No. 6 and 6-A-Z in
this exposure.
8. Generally, entire surface areas of items such as miter gates, crest gates,
etc., should receive the selected epoxy system even though only a portion will
be subjected to atmospheric weathering. Epoxy coatings subject to atmospheric
weathering may erode by as much as 25 micrometers (1 mil) per year. In such
cases where systems No. 21 and 21-A-Z will be exposed to normal atmospheric
weathering, it is recommended that one or two coats of polyurethane meeting
SSPC Paint No. 36, Level 3, be applied over the final coat of the epoxy system.
The polyurethane should be applied only to the portion of the item generally
exposed to atmospheric weathering and not to the entire item. It should be
specified in a color similar to that of the immersed area. The polyurethane
should be applied in the number of coats and at the dry film thickness recommended
by the manufacturer.
Paint shall be applied with a minimum of two single coats to produce an average dry film thickness totaling 150
microns 6.0 mils. When applying MIL-DTL-24441, the type of thinner, amount of thinning, and required induction
time shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. The drying time between coats shall not be less than 8 hours
nor more than 96 hours.
3.3.26 System No. 21-A-Z
NOTE: See NOTE in preceding paragraph.
The epoxy zinc-rich paint 19B shall be applied in two singles half-lapped spray coats to an average dry film
thickness of a minimum of 100 microns 4.0 mils, and a thickness at any point of not less than 63 microns 2.5
mils or greater than 200 microns 8.0 mils. After a drying period of not less than 6 hours nor more than 96 hours,
at least two coats of epoxy polyamide paint shall be applied to produce an average dry film thickness totaling
305 microns 12 mils. If the epoxy zinc-rich paint has been applied in the shop or otherwise has been permitted
to cure for longer than 96 hours, it shall be abraded and recoated with an additional thin tack coat of the zinc-rich
paint, which in turn shall be overcoated within 96 hours with the first coat of the epoxy polyamide paint. When
applying MIL-DTL-24441, the type of thinner, amount of thinning, and required induction time shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. The drying time between non-zinc coats shall not be less than 12 hours nor more than 96
hours.
3.3.27 System No. 22
NOTE: The Commercial Item Description describes commercially available floor
coating systems having an epoxy primer and urethane topcoats. Specifier should
consult manufacturers for guidance and availability in specifying color, hardness,
level of reflectance, level of slip resistance. and warranty necessary for specific
application.
The floor coating shall be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. It shall be a 4 coat system
having a minimum total dry film thickness at any point of not less than 228 microns 9 mils.
3.3.28 Protection of Nonpainted Items and Cleanup
Walls, equipment, fixtures and all other items in the vicinity of the surfaces being painted shall be maintained
free from damage by paint or painting activities. Paint spillage and painting activity damage shall be promptly
repaired.
3.4 INSPECTION
Inspect, document, and report all work phases and operations on a daily basis. As a minimum the daily report
shall contain the following:
a. Inspections performed, including the area of the structure involved and the results of the inspection.
b. Surface preparation operations performed, including the area of the structure involved, the mode
of preparation, the kinds of solvent, abrasive, or power tools employed, and whether contract requirements
were met.
c. Thinning operations performed, including thinners used, batch numbers, and thinner/paint volume ratios.
d. Application operations performed, including the area of the structure involved, mode of application
employed, ambient temperature, substrate temperature, dew point, relative humidity, type of paint with
batch numbers, elapsed time between surface preparation and application, elapsed time for recoat, condition
of underlying coat, number of coats applied, and if specified, measured dry film thickness or spreading
rate of each new coating.
3.5 PAINTING SCHEDULES
NOTE: In the case of formulations in which the type and amount of pigment are
fixed, the manufacturer may be limited in the latitude of shades and colors
that can be obtained. Colors should be selected in advance and designated in
the project specifications or in the drawings. Insofar as practicable, colors
shall be designated by making use of FED-STD-595 color designations. When small
quantities of paint are needed and a proprietary paint is specified, colors
can be specified as approximating those not necessarily as matching the FED-ST-595
color designation.
1. The number assigned to each paint system should not be changed locally even
though on specific projects some systems are omitted. If other systems are
added locally, they should be assigned numbers other than those used in this
guide. See also final general note in paragraph PAINTING SCHEDULES for instructions
relative to numbering other systems.
2. For maintenance of existing paint systems, it is preferable to use the same
paints or types of paints used for the original work. The exception to this
rule is touch up with or reapplication of FS TT-P-86 should not be considered.
For further guidance in maintenance painting, see EM 1110-2-3400.
3. For quick guidance to the first choice coating systems for steel surfaces
from each of several exposure conditions frequently incurred on civil works
projects, the following will be helpful:
a. Normal exterior atmospheric exposure - System No. 2.
b. Prolonged condensation, high humidity, coastal structures not subject to
immersion, System No. 1.
c. Immersion in relatively quiet, nonabrasive waters - System No. 3-A-Z.
d. Immersion in moderately-to-highly turbulent, abrasive waters - System No.
5-C-Z or 5-E-Z.
e. Immersion in very turbulent, ice- and debris-laden waters - System No. 6-Z-A
of UFGS Section 09 97 01.00 10 METALLIZING: HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES.
f. Immersion in sea water or other extremely corrosive waters - System No. 6-A-Z
or 21-A-Z.
g. Immersion in fresh water where protection from zebra mussel fouling is deemed
critical - System No. 6-Z-A of UFGS Section 09 97 01.00 10 METALLIZING: HYDRAULIC
STRUCTURES.
4. For further information regarding system selection refer to the notes in
the following general index.
GENERAL INDEX:
(Substrate/Environment) Refer to Note No.
Aluminum H8,M6,N3,P3
Battery Rooms P7,Q2
Bridges G1
Concrete:
Exposed to chemicals or sewage I5,Q2
Interior P1,P6,R,Q2
Copper N1,N4
Dewatering and drainage sumps I1
Doors, wood or steel P4,P5
Flooded compartments I1
Floor grating M2
Galvanized materials M2,N2
Galvanized N2
Interior:
High condensation K2
Nonexposed K1,K2
Gantries G1
Gates H1,H6,I4,J1,J3,Q4,Q8
Gate wells J1
Light standards G1
Local protection projects J1
Penstocks G4,I1
Piling, steel I3,I4,Q4
Pipe and conduit G1,I1,I2,N2
Pumps and machinery G1,J1
Spiral (turbine) case H4,I1
Stairwells P4
Steel:
Corrosive G4,I1,M5
Damp or Wet T1
Freshwater immersion:
Low velocity H3,Q4
Med high velocity and/or high abrasion H4,H5
Intermittent immersion G1,G3
Zebra mussel S3
High condensation H3
High temperature G1,L1,L2
Normal exposure G1
Salt water immersion H2,I4,Q4,Q6
Severe industrial G4
Tidal splash zones I4
Stop logs H3
Structural framework K1
Surge chambers J1
Tanks:
Exterior G1,I2
Interior H2,H3,H4
Trash rack H4
Valves H4
Walls (High-maintenance areas) P4
Wall protection, corner G1
Window frames P3,P4
SYSTEM NO. 1
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION PAINT SYSTEM
Alternate 1
Power tool SSPC PS 26.00 Type II
or brush-off
blast cleaning
Alternate 2
Commercial blast SSPC PS 26.00 Type I
cleaning
NOTE: The above alternatives are not intended to be a Contractor option. Type
II coating should be specified for minor touch up and repair of previously painted
surfaces that are in generally good condition. Type I coating should be used
to prepare previously painted surfaces that are in poor condition or steel that
has never been painted.
See Note to Paragraph titled "System No. 1".
SYSTEM NO. 2
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
Alternate 1
Power tool SSPC Paint 25 P-38 P-38
or brush-off Type I or Type II (Aluminum) (Aluminum)
blast cleaning
Alternate 2
Commercial SSPC Paint 25 P-38 P-38
blast cleaning Type I or Type II (Aluminum) (Aluminum)
SYSTEM NO. 3
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal White Vinyl Gray Vinyl Aluminum Aluminum
blast V-766e V-766e Vinyl Vinyl
cleaning (double (double V-102e V-102e
spray coat) spray coat) (double (double
spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 3-A-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal Vinyl zinc- White Vinyl Aluminum Aluminum
blast rich VZ-108d V-766e Vinyl Vinyl
cleaning (double (double V-102e V-102e as
spray coat) spray coat) (double needed to
spray coat) obtain the
required
thickness)
SYSTEM NO. 4
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT 5th COAT
White metal White Vinyl Gray Vinyl White Vinyl Gray Vinyl Gray Vinyl
blast V-766e V-766e V-766e V-766e V-766e
cleaning (double (double (double (double (double
spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 5-A-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal Vinyl zinc- White Vinyl Black Vinyl Black Vinyl
blast rich VZ-108d V-766e V-103c V-103c
cleaning (double (double (double (double
spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 5-C-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal Vinyl zinc- Dark Red Light Red Dark Red
blast rich oxide Vinyl oxide Vinyl oxide Vinyl
cleaning VZ-108d V-106d V-106d V-106d
(double (double (double (double
spray coat spray coat) spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 5-D
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT 5th COAT
White metal Dark Red Light Red Dark Red Light Red Dark Red
blast oxide oxide oxide oxide oxide
cleaning Vinyl Vinyl Vinyl Vinyl Vinyl
V-106d V-106d V-106d V-106d V-106d
(double (double (double (double (double
spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 5-E-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal Vinyl zinc- Gray Vinyl White Vinyl Gray Vinyl
blast rich VZ-108d V-766e V-766e V-766e
cleaning (double (double (double (double
spray coat) spray coat) spray coat) spray coat)
SYSTEM NO. 6
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
White metal Coal tar- Coal tar- Coal tar-
blast epoxy C-200a epoxy C-200a epoxy C-200a
cleaning (black) (black) (black)
(if needed
to attain
required
thickness)
SYSTEM NO. 6-A-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE 1st & 2nd
PREPARATION COAT 3rd COAT 4th COAT
White metal MIL-DTL-24441 Coal tar- Coal tar-
blast /19B epoxy C-200a epoxy C-200a
cleaning (black) (black)
SYSTEM NO. 7
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
Alternate 1
Power tool or SSPC Paint 33 SSPC Paint 33 SSPC Paint 33
brush-off blast
cleaning
Alternate 2
SSPC SP 6 SSPC Paint 33 SSPC Paint 33 SSPC Paint 33
Commercial
blast cleaning
NOTE: ABOVE ALTERNATES ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE CONTRACTOR'S OPTIONS.
SYSTEM NO. 8
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
SSPC SP 5 Paint (for wet Additional coats
surfaces) as recommended by
CID A-A-3130 the manufacturer
SYSTEM NO. 9
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
Power tool or SSPC Paint 25 SSPC Paint 25
brush-off blast Type I or Type II Type I or II
cleaning
SYSTEM NO. 10
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
White metal SSPC Paint 20 SSPC Paint 20
blast cleaning Type I-B or I-C Type I-B or I-C
SYSTEM NO. 12
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
Refer to paragraph SSPC Paint 20 SSPC Paint 20
SYSTEM NO. 12 Type II Type II
SYSTEM NO. 13
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
Solvent clean P-38 P-38
and apply (Aluminum) (Aluminum)
SSPC Paint 27
pretreatment
SYSTEM NO. 14
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
Solvent clean MPI 9 MPI 9
and apply
SSPC Paint 27
pretreatment
SYSTEM NO. 15
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT
Alternate 1
Power tool or Epoxy Primer Urethane Topcoat
brush-off blast CID A-A-3132 CID A-A-3132
cleaning
Alternate 2
Commercial Epoxy Primer Urethane Topcoat
blast cleaning CID A-A-3132 CID A-A-3132
NOTE: The above alternatives are not intended to be a Contractor option. See
NOTE to Paragraph titled "System No. 1".
SYSTEM NO. 16
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
Alternate 1
Power tool or SSPC Paint 25 MPI 9 MPI 9
brush-off blast Type I or Type II
cleaning
Alternate 2
Commercial SSPC Paint 25 MPI 9 MPI 9
blast cleaning Type Ior Type II
SYSTEM NO. 17
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
As specified MPI 50 [MPI 114] [MPI 114]
for each type [MPI 54] [MPI 54]
of surface [MPI 52] [MPI 52]
[MPI 53] [MPI 53]
SYSTEM NO. 18
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION 1st COAT 2nd COAT 3rd COAT
As specified [MPI 46] [MPI 48] [MPI 48]
for each type [MPI 50] [MPI 47] [MPI 47]
of surface [MPI 51] [MPI 51]
[MPI 49] [MPI 49]
SYSTEM NO. 21
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE 1st & 2nd
PREPARATION COAT 3rd COAT
As specified MIL-DTL-24441, (as needed
for each type Sheet [_____], to obtain
of surface Color No. [_____] specified
thickness)
SYSTEM NO. 21-A-Z
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE 1st & 2nd 3rd & 4th
PREPARATION COAT COAT 5th COAT
As specified MIL-DTL-24441 MIL-DTL-24441, (as needed
for each type /19B Sheet [_____], to obtain
of surface Color No. [_____] specified
thickness)
SYSTEM NO. 22
Items or surfaces to be coated: [_____]
SURFACE
PREPARATION COATING SYSTEM
As specified CID A-A-50542
by manufacturer