USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-23 05 15 (February 2009) --------------------------------- Preparing Activity: NASA Superseding UFGS-23 05 00.00 40 (August 2008) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009 SECTION 23 05 15 COMMON PIPING FOR HVAC 02/09 NOTE: This specification covers the requirements for standard basic mechanical work and should be supplemented by use of other mechanical sections as required. Show on the drawings detailed upstream and downstream piping anchor provisions. Install flexible metallic pipe vertically to keep dirt out of convolutions. Coordinate design detail and specification for each installation with the manufacturer to ensure that length, stiffness of hose, and slack are suitable for the intended offset, travel, and imposed service under normal and shock conditions. Indicate on the drawings use for main steamline dripping where amount of expansion and contraction is such that movement cannot be readily accommodated by piping configuration, with excessive stress on pressurized components or where there is a tendency to cause leaks at connections to mains. Tunnels, trenches, manholes, and above-ground steamlines are prime locations; pressure rating must provide for water-hammer shock. This specification is limited to15 millimeter through 25 millimeter1/2 inch through 1 inch. Use welded pipe, valve, and hole connections wherever possible. Provide a welded end steam strainer upstream of hose to prevent welding bead penetration of bellows upon start up. Wherever possible, install flexible metal steam hose vertically. Show on the Drawings, or supplement the specifications to include, calculated movement of piping, operating pressure and temperature ranges, fluid velocity, piping anchor and guiding provisions, limit stops, installation length, end connections, and special conditions such as angular displacement and vibration analysis in one or more planes. This specification does not include slip-type expansion joints or ball joints. Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information. Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present. Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet. Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR). PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title. Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update the issue dates. References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)AISC 325(2005) Manual of Steel ConstructionAMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS A5.8/A5.8M(2004; Errata 2004) Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze WeldingAWS WHB-2.9(2004) Welding Handbook; Volume Two - Welding ProcessesASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME)ASME A112.18.1(2005) Standard for Plumbing Fixture FittingsASME A112.19.2(2008) Standard for Vitreous China Plumbing Fixtures and Hydraulic Requirements for Water Closets and UrinalsASME B1.20.7(1991; R 2008) Standard for Hose Coupling Screw Threads (Inch)ASME B1.21M(1997; R 2008) Standard for Metric Screw Threads - MJ ProfileASME B16.1(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.11(2005) Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedASME B16.22(2001; R 2005) Standard for Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsASME B16.25(2007) Standard for Buttwelding EndsASME B16.26(2006) Standard for Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper TubesASME B16.3(2006) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300ASME B16.39(1998; R 2006) Standard for Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions; Classes 150, 250, and 300ASME B16.4(2006) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.5(2003) Standard for Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24ASME B16.9(2007) Standard for Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding FittingsASME B31.3(2008) Process PipingASME B36.10M(2004) Standard for Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeASME B40.100(2005) Pressure Gauges and Gauge AttachmentsASME BPVC SEC IX(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section IX, Welding and Brazing QualificationsASME BPVC SEC VIII D1(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section VIII, Pressure Vessels Division 1 - Basic CoverageASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 105/A 105M(2005) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsASTM A 106/A 106M(2008) Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A 126(2004) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe FittingsASTM A 183(2003) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and NutsASTM A 197/A 197M(2000; R 2006) Standard Specification for Cupola Malleable IronASTM A 216/A 216M(2008) Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A 234/A 234M(2007) Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature ServiceASTM A 276(2008a) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesASTM A 278/A 278M(2001; R 2006) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 degrees F (350 degrees C)ASTM A 307(2007b) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthASTM A 312/A 312M(2008a) Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesASTM A 480/A 480M(2008b) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripASTM A 53/A 53M(2007) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessASTM A 563(2007a) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsASTM A 563M(2007) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)ASTM A 6/A 6M(2008a) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingASTM A 74(2008a) Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and FittingsASTM B 117(2007a) Standing Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusASTM B 32(2008) Standard Specification for Solder MetalASTM B 370(2003) Standard Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building ConstructionASTM B 62(2002) Standard Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal CastingsASTM B 749(2003) Standard Specification for Lead and Lead Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate ProductsASTM B 88(2003) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water TubeASTM B 88M(2005) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube (Metric)ASTM C 109/C 109M(2008) Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or (50-mm) Cube Specimens)ASTM C 404(2007) Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry GroutASTM C 476(2008) Standard Specification for Grout for MasonryASTM C 553(2008) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial ApplicationsASTM C 564(2008) Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and FittingsASTM C 67(2008) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileASTM C 920(2008) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsASTM D 2000(2008) Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive ApplicationsASTM D 2308(2007) Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Polyethylene Jacket for Electrical Wire and CableASTM E 1(2007) Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersASTM E 814(2008b) Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire StopsASTM F 104(2003) Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket MaterialsASTM F 568M(2007) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Metric FastenersFLUID SEALING ASSOCIATION (FSA)FSA-0017(1995e6) Standard for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints and Flexible Pipe Connectors Technical HandbookINSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)IEEE C2(2007; Errata 2007; INT 2008) National Electrical Safety CodeIEEE Std 515(2004) Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Electrical Resistance Heat Tracing for Industrial ApplicationsMANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS)MSS SP-125(2000) Standard for Gray Iron and Ductile Iron In-Line, Spring-Loaded, Center-Guided Check ValvesMSS SP-58(2002) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and ManufactureMSS SP-67(2002a; R 2004) Standard for Butterfly ValvesMSS SP-69(2003; R 2004) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and ApplicationMSS SP-70(2006) Standard for Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsMSS SP-71(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsMSS SP-72(1999) Standard for Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General ServiceMSS SP-85(2002) Standard for Cast Iron Globe & Angle Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsNATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)NEMA MG 1(2007; Errata 2008) Standard for Motors and GeneratorsNEMA MG 10(2001; R 2007) Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Fixed Frequency Medium AC Squirrel-Cage Polyphase Induction MotorsNEMA MG 11(1977; R 2007) Energy Management Guide for Selection and Use of Single Phase MotorsNATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 70(2007; AMD 1 2008) National Electrical Code - 2008 EditionU.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)MIL-C-18480(Rev B; Notice 1) Coating Compound, Bituminous, Solvent, Coal-Tar BaseMIL-DTL-17813(Rev G) Military Standard for Expansion Joints, Pipe, Metallic BellowsU.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)CID A-A-1922(Rev A; Notice 1) Shield, Expansion (Caulking Anchors, Single Lead)CID A-A-1923(Rev A; Notice 1) Shield, Expansion (Lag, Machine and Externally Threaded Wedge Bolt Anchors)CID A-A-55614(Basic; Notice 1) Shield, Expansion (Non-Drilling Expansion Anchors)CID A-A-55615(Basic; Notice 1) Shield, Expansion (Wood Screw and Lag Bolt Self-Threading AnchorsFS A-A-1924(1995, R 2001-Rev A) Standard for Shield, Expansion; (Self Drilling Tubular Expansion Shell Bolt Anchors)FS A-A-1925(Rev A; Notice 1) Shield, Expansion (Nail Anchors)UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)UL 1479(2003; Rev thru Dec 2008) Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS NOTE: If Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS is not included in the project specification, applicable requirements thereof should be inserted and the first paragraph deleted. If Section 23 05 48 VIBRATION AND SEISMIC CONTROLS FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT is not included in the project specification, applicable requirements thereof should be inserted and the second paragraph deleted. If Section 40 17 30.00 40 WELDING GENERAL PIPING is not included in the project specification, applicable requirements thereof should be inserted and the third paragraph deleted. [Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS applies to work specified in this section.] [Section 23 05 48 VIBRATION AND SEISMIC CONTROLS FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT applies to work specified in this section.] [Section 40 17 30.00 40 WELDING GENERAL PIPING applies to work specified in this section.] Submit _{Records of Existing Conditions} consisting of the results of Contractor's survey of work area conditions and features of existing structures and facilities within and adjacent to the jobsite. Commencement of work constitutes Contractor's acceptance of the existing conditions. Include with _{Equipment Foundation Data} for piping systems all plan dimensions of foundations and relative elevations, equipment weight and operating loads, horizontal and vertical loads, horizontal and vertical clearances for installation, and size and location of anchor bolts. Submit _{Fabrication Drawings} for pipes, valves and specialties consisting of fabrication and assembly details to be performed in the factory. Submit _{Material, Equipment, and Fixture Lists} for pipes, valves and specialties including manufacturer's style or catalog numbers, specification and drawing reference numbers, warranty information, and fabrication site information. Provide a complete list of construction equipment to be used. Submit _{Manufacturer's Standard Color Charts} for pipes, valves and specialties showing the manufacturer's recommended color and finish selections. Include with _{Listing of Product Installations} for piping systems identification of at least 5 units, similar to those proposed for use, that have been in successful service for a minimum period of 5 years. Include in the list purchaser, address of installation, service organization, and date of installation. Submit _{Record Drawings} for pipes, valves and accessories providing current factual information including deviations and amendments to the drawings, and concealed and visible changes in the work. Submit _{Connection Diagrams} for pipes, valves and specialties indicating the relations and connections of devices and apparatus by showing the general physical layout of all controls, the interconnection of one system (or portion of system) with another, and internal tubing, wiring, and other devices. Submit _{Coordination Drawings} for pipes, valves and specialties showing coordination of work between different trades and with the structural and architectural elements of work. Detail all drawings sufficiently to show overall dimensions of related items, clearances, and relative locations of work in allotted spaces. Indicate on drawings where conflicts or clearance problems exist between various trades. 1.3 SUBMITTALS NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate quality control. A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in context of the project. For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G" designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force, and NASA projects. Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed item for Army projects. Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are [for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: _{SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals} Submit _{Material, Equipment, and Fixture Lists} for construction equipment to be used. _{SD-02 Shop Drawings} Submit the following for pipes, valves and specialties showing conformance with the referenced standards contained within this section. _{Record Drawings Connection Diagrams Coordination Drawings Fabrication Drawings} Submit _{Installation Drawings} for pipes, valves and specialties in accordance with the paragraph entitled, "Pipe Installation," of this section. _{SD-03 Product Data} Submit equipment and performance data for the following items consisting of corrosion resistance, life expectancy, gage tolerances, and grade line analysis. Submit Manufacturer's catalog data for the following items: _{Pipe and Fittings Piping Specialties Valves Miscellaneous Materials Supporting Elements Equipment Foundation Data} shall be in accordance with paragraph entitled, "General Requirements," of this section. _{SD-04 Samples} Submit _{Manufacturer's Standard Color Charts} in accordance with paragraph entitled, "General Requirements," of this section. _{SD-05 Design Data} Submit design analysis and calculations for the following items consisting of surface resistance, rates of flow, head losses, inlet and outlet design, required radius of bend, and pressure calculations. Also include in data pipe size, shape, and dimensions, as well as temperature ratings, vibration and thrust limitations minimum burst pressures, shut-off and non-shock pressures and weld characteristics. _{Pipe and Fittings Piping Specialties Valves SD-06 Test Reports} Submit test reports on the following tests in accordance with paragraph entitled, "Piping Installation," of this section. _{Hydrostatic Tests Air Tests Valve-Operating Tests Drainage Tests Pneumatic Tests Non-Destructive Electric Tests System Operation Tests SD-07 Certificates} Submit _{Listing of Product Installations} for piping systems verifying proper qualifications. Submit _{Records of Existing Conditions} by the Contractor prior to start. Submit Certificates for the following in accordance with paragraph entitled, "Pipe Installation," of this section. _{Surface Resistance Shear and Tensile Strengths Temperature Ratings Bending Tests Flattening Tests Transverse Guided Weld Bend Tests SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data} Submit _{Operation and Maintenance Manuals} in accordance with paragraph entitled, "Operation and Maintenance," of this section. 1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE 1.4.1 Material and Equipment Qualifications Provide materials and equipment that are standard products of manufacturers regularly engaged in the manufacture of such products, which are of a similar material, design and workmanship. Standard products shall have been in satisfactory commercial or industrial use for 2 years prior to bid opening. The 2-year use shall include applications of equipment and materials under similar circumstances and of similar size. The product shall have been for sale on the commercial market through advertisements, manufacturers' catalogs, or brochures during the 2 year period. 1.4.2 Alternative Qualifications Products having less than a two-year field service record will be acceptable if a certified record of satisfactory field operation for not less than 6000 hours, exclusive of the manufacturer's factory or laboratory tests, can be shown. 1.4.3 Service Support The equipment items shall be supported by service organizations. Submit a certified list of qualified permanent service organizations for support of the equipment which includes their addresses and qualifications. These service organizations shall be reasonably convenient to the equipment installation and able to render satisfactory service to the equipment on a regular and emergency basis during the warranty period of the contract. 1.4.4 Manufacturer's Nameplate Each item of equipment shall have a nameplate bearing the manufacturer's name, address, model number, and serial number securely affixed in a conspicuous place; the nameplate of the distributing agent will not be acceptable. 1.4.5 Modification of References In each of the publications referred to herein, consider the advisory provisions to be mandatory, as though the word, "shall" had been substituted for "should" wherever it appears. Interpret references in these publications to the "authority having jurisdiction", or words of similar meaning, to mean the Contracting Officer. 1.4.5.1 Definitions For the International Code Council (ICC) Codes referenced in the contract documents, advisory provisions shall be considered mandatory, the word "should" shall be interpreted as "shall." Reference to the "code official" shall be interpreted to mean the "Contracting Officer." For Navy owned property, references to the "owner" shall be interpreted to mean the "Contracting Officer." For leased facilities, references to the "owner" shall be interpreted to mean the "lessor." References to the "permit holder" shall be interpreted to mean the "Contractor." 1.4.5.2 Administrative Interpretations For ICC Codes referenced in the contract documents, the provisions of Chapter 1, "Administrator," do not apply. These administrative requirements are covered by the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) included in this contract and by the authority granted to the Officer in Charge of Construction to administer the construction of this project. References in the ICC Codes to sections of Chapter 1, shall be applied appropriately by the Contracting Officer as authorized by his administrative cognizance and the FAR. 1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING Handle, store, and protect equipment and materials to prevent damage before and during installation in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, and as approved by the Contracting Officer. Replace damaged or defective items. NOTE: Use this paragraph for other than SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects. [1.6 ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS Furnish motors, controllers, disconnects and contactors with their respective pieces of equipment. Motors, controllers, disconnects and contactors shall conform to and have electrical connections provided under Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Furnish internal wiring for components of packaged equipment as an integral part of the equipment. Extended voltage range motors will not be permitted. Controllers and contactors shall have a maximum of 120 volt control circuits, and shall have auxiliary contacts for use with the controls furnished. When motors and equipment furnished are larger than sizes indicated, the cost of additional electrical service and related work shall be included under the section that specified that motor or equipment. Power wiring and conduit for field installed equipment shall be provided under and conform to the requirements of Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. ] NOTE: Use this paragraph and its subparagraphs regarding electrical components and energy efficient motors for SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects. [1.7 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS Electrical installations shall conform to IEEE C2, NFPA 70, and requirements specified herein. 1.7.1 New Work Provide electrical components of mechanical equipment, such as motors, motor starters [(except starters/controllers which are indicated as part of a motor control center)], control or push-button stations, float or pressure switches, solenoid valves, integral disconnects, and other devices functioning to control mechanical equipment, as well as control wiring and conduit for circuits rated 100 volts or less, to conform with the requirements of the section covering the mechanical equipment. Extended voltage range motors are not permitted. The interconnecting power wiring and conduit, control wiring rated 120 volts (nominal) and conduit, [the motor control equipment forming a part of motor control centers,] and the electrical power circuits shall be provided under Division 26, except internal wiring for components of package equipment shall be provided as an integral part of the equipment. When motors and equipment furnished are larger than sizes indicated, provide any required changes to the electrical service as may be necessary and related work as a part of the work for the section specifying that motor or equipment. 1.7.2 Modifications to Existing Systems Where existing mechanical systems and motor-operated equipment require modifications, provide electrical components under Division 26. 1.7.3 High Efficiency Motors 1.7.3.1 High Efficiency Single-Phase Motors Unless otherwise specified, single-phase fractional-horsepower alternating-current motors shall be high efficiency types corresponding to the applications listed in NEMA MG 11. 1.7.3.2 High Efficiency Polyphase Motors Unless otherwise specified, select polyphase motors based on high efficiency characteristics relative to the applications as listed in NEMA MG 10. Additionally, polyphase squirrel-cage medium induction motors with continuous ratings shall meet or exceed energy efficient ratings in accordance with Table 12-6C of NEMA MG 1. 1.7.4 Three-Phase Motor Protection Provide controllers for motors rated one 1.34 kilowattsone horsepower and larger with electronic phase-voltage monitors designed to protect motors from phase-loss, undervoltage, and overvoltage. Provide protection for motors from immediate restart by a time adjustable restart relay. ]1.8 INSTRUCTION TO GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL When specified in other sections, furnish the services of competent instructors to give full instruction to the designated Government personnel in the adjustment, operation, and maintenance, including pertinent safety requirements, of the specified equipment or system. Instructors shall be thoroughly familiar with all parts of the installation and trained in operating theory as well as practical operation and maintenance work. Give instruction during the first regular work week after the equipment or system has been accepted and turned over to the Government for regular operation. The number of man-days (8 hours per day) of instruction furnished shall be as specified in the individual section. When more than 4 man-days of instruction are specified, use approximately half of the time for classroom instruction. Use other time for instruction with the equipment or system. When significant changes or modifications in the equipment or system are made under the terms of the contract, provide additional instruction to acquaint the operating personnel with the changes or modifications. 1.9 ACCESSIBILITY NOTE: The following requirement is intended to solicit the installer's help in the prudent location of equipment when he has some control over locations. However, designer's should not rely on it at all since enforcing this requirement in the field would be difficult. Therefore, the system designer needs to layout and indicate the locations of equipment, control devices, and access doors so that most of the accessibility questions are resolved inexpensively during design. Install all work so that parts requiring periodic inspection, operation, maintenance, and repair are readily accessible. Install concealed valves, expansion joints, controls, dampers, and equipment requiring access, in locations freely accessible through access doors. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACING Heat trace systems for pipes, valves, and fittings shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 515 and be UL listed. System shall include all necessary components, including heaters and controls to prevent freezing. Provide self-regulating heaters consisting of two 16 AWG tinned-copper bus wires embedded in parallel in a self-regulating polymer core that varies its power output to respond to temperature along its length. Heater shall be able to be crossed over itself without overheating and be approved before used directly on plastic pipe. Heater shall be covered by a radiation cross-linked modified polyolefin dielectric jacket in accordance with ASTM D 2308. [For installation on plastic piping, apply the heater using aluminum tape. Heater shall have an outer braid of tinned-copper and an outer jacket of modified polyolefin in accordance with ASTM D 2308, to provide a good ground path and to enhance the heater's ruggedness.] NOTE: Self-regulation factor is defined as the percentage reduction, without thermostatic control, of the heater output going from 4 degrees C 40 degrees F pipe temperature operation to 66 degrees C 150 degrees F pipe temperature operation. Provide heater with self-regulating factor of at least [90] [_____] percent, in order to provide energy conservation and to prevent overheating. Heater shall operate on line voltages of [120] [208] [220] [240] [277] volts without the use of transformers. NOTE: Required heater output rating is in watts per meter at 10 degrees C foot at 50 degrees F. Heater selection based on 25 millimeter one-inch fiberglass insulation on metal piping. Size Heater according to the following table:       Pipe Size (DN)    (Millimeter Diameter)    Minus 23 degrees C         Minus 29 degrees C        80 or less         16 watts per meter (wpm)   16 watts per meter (wpm)        100                16 wpm                     26 wpm        150                26 wpm                     26 wpm        200                2 strips/16 wpm            2 strips/26 wpm        300 to 356         2 strips/26 wpm            2 strips/26 wpm       Pipe Size    (Inch, Diameter)         Minus 10 degrees F           Minus 20 degrees F    3 inches or less         5 watts per foot (wpf)       5 wpf    4 inch                   5 wpf                        8 wpf    6 inch                   8 wpf                        8 wpf    8 inch                   2 strips/5 wpf               2 strips/8 wpf    12 inch to 14 inch       2 strips/8 wpf               2 strips/8 wpf System shall be controlled by an ambient sensing thermostat set at 4 degrees C 40 degrees F either directly or through an appropriate contactor. 2.2 _{PIPE AND FITTINGS} 2.2.1 Type BCS, Black Carbon Steel NOTE: This pipe is applicable for chilled, hot, dual-temperature, and cooling-tower water. Pipe DN6 through DN300 1/8 through 12 inches shall be Schedule 40 black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M . Pipe DN6 through DN250 1/8 through 10 inches shall be Schedule 40 seamless or electric-resistance welded black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, [Type E, Grade B (electric-resistance welded)] [Type S (seamless)]. Grade A should be used for permissible field bending, in both cases. Pipe DN300 through DN610 12 through 24 inches shall be 9.52 millimeter 0.375-inch wall seamless black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, [Type E, Grade B (electric-resistance welded)] [Type S (seamless)]. Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-pounds per square inch, gage (psig) working steam pressure (wsp) banded black malleable iron screwed, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M and ASME B16.3. Unions DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1724 kilopascal 250 pounds per square inch, wsp female, screwed, black malleable iron with brass-to-iron seat, and ground joint, conforming to ASME B16.39. Fittings DN65 and over 2-1/2 inches and over shall be Steel butt weld, conforming to ASTM A 234/A 234M and ASME B16.9 to match pipe wall thickness. Flanges DN65 and over 2-1/2 inches and over shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-pound forged-steel conforming to ASME B16.5 , welding neck to match pipe wall thickness. 2.2.2 Type BCS-125, 862 kilopascal Service 125-psi Service NOTE: This pipe is applicable for steam- and condensate-piping systems at pressures less than 862 kilopascal 125 pounds per square inch (psi). Avoid screwed-end connections in condensate piping wherever possible. See Section 23 64 26 CHILLED, CHILLED-HOT, AND CONDENSER WATER PIPING SYSTEMS for black carbon steel pipe for higher pressure ratings. Pipe DN6 through DN40 1/8 through 1-1/2 inches shall be Schedule 40 steam, Schedule 80 condensate, furnace butt weld, black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type F (furnace butt welded, continuous welded) and ASME B36.10M. Pipe DN50 through DN250 2 through 10 inches shall be Schedule 40 steam, Schedule 80 condensate, seamless or electric-resistance welded black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M [Type E, Grade B (electric-resistance welded)] [Type S (seamless)] and ASME B36.10M. NOTE: For condensate piping, modify following (for DN300 12 inches and over) to schedule 40 or schedule 80, if necessary. Pipe DN300 through DN610 12 through 24 inches shall be 9.52 millimeter 0.375-inch wall, [seamless] [electric-resistance] welded black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M [Type E, Grade B (electric-resistance welded)] [Type S (seamless) and ASME B36.10M]. [Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 862 kilopascal 125-psigwsp, cast iron, screwed end, conforming to ASTM A 126 Class A and ASME B16.4.] [Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp banded black malleable iron screwed, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M and ASME B16.3.] [Fittings DN25 through DN50 1 through 2 inches shall be 14 or 21 megapascal 2,000-or 3,000-psi water, oil, or gas (wog) to match pipe wall, forged carbon steel socket weld, conforming to ASTM A 105/A 105M and ASME B16.11 .] [Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 862 kilopascal 125-psig wsp, cast iron, screwed end, conforming to ASTM A 126 Class A and ASME B16.4.] [Fittings DN65 and over 2-1/2 inches and over shall be wall thickness to match pipe, long radius butt weld, black carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 234/A 234M, Grade WPB and ASME B16.9.] [Couplings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be commercial standard weight for Schedule 40 pipe and commercial extra heavy weight for Schedule 80 pipe, black carbon steel where threaded, and 14 or 21 megapascal 2,000-or 3,000-psi wog forged carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 105/A 105M and ASME B16.11, where welded.] [Flanges DN65 and over 2-1/2 inches and over shall be 1035 kilopascal, 150-pound, forged carbon-steel welding neck, with raised face or flat face and concentric serrated finish, conforming to ASTM A 105/A 105M and ASME B16.5 .] [Conform grooved pipe couplings and fittings to paragraph entitled, "Grooved Pipe Couplings and Fittings."] 2.2.3 Type GCS, Galvanized Carbon Steel NOTE: This pipe is applicable for potable water and rain water leader systems. Pipe DN15 through DN250, and where indicated 1/2 through 10 inches, and where indicated shall be Schedule 40 seamless or electric-resistance welded galvanized steel conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E, Grade B (electric-resistance welded) or Type S (seamless). Pipe DN300 and over 12 inches and over shall be 9.52 millimeter 0.375-inch wall, seamless, galvanized steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B. Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psigwsp banded galvanized malleable iron screwed, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M and ASME B16.3. Unions DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp female, screwed, galvanized malleable iron with brass-to-iron seat and ground joint. Fittings DN65 and over 2-1/2 inches and over shall be 862 kilopascal 125-psig wsp cast-iron flanges and flanged fittings, conforming to ASTM A 126, Class A and ASME B16.1. Conform grooved pipe couplings and fittings shall conform to paragraph entitled, "Grooved Pipe Couplings and Fittings." Contractor has the option of using 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp banded galvanized malleable iron screwed fittings, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M and ASME B16.3. 2.2.4 Type GCS-DWV, Galvanized Steel Drain, Waste and Vent NOTE: Nonferrous piping exposed to view in finished spaces and normally chrome plated is specified in Section 22 00.00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE Select A53 pipe where bending and flattening tests are required. Pipe (all sizes) shall be Schedule 40 [seamless] [electric-resistance welded] galvanized carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade A. Furnace butt weld pipe is acceptable for sizes less than DN50 2 inches. [Risers DN80 3 inches and larger shall be Type CISP-DWV.] [Fittings shall be galvanized, [coated] [uncoated], screwed, cast iron, recessed pattern drainage fittings, conforming to ASTM A 126.] [Use long radius fittings wherever space permits. Short-turn tees, branches, and ells may be used for vent piping and connections of branch lines to battery fixtures, except wall-hung water closets.] 2.2.5 Type CISP-DWV, Cast-Iron Drain, Waste and Vent NOTE: When project requires risers DN80 3 inches and larger, include Type CISP-DWV materials specification. Provide soil pipe drain, waste, and vent bell-and-spigot type pipe cast iron, conforming to ASTM A 74. Caulk and lead all joints in lines where necessary to provide proper leaktight support and alignment; other-wise joints may be two-gasket system type chloroprene, conforming to ASTM C 564. Pipe class shall be extra heavy (CISP-DWV-XH). 2.2.6 Type CPR, Copper NOTE: Copper pipe above ground and below ground is acceptable for chilled, hot, dual-temperature, cooling-tower water, and potable-water systems. 2.2.6.1 Type CPR-A, Copper Above Ground Tubing DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be seamless copper tubing, conforming to ASTM B 88M, ASTM B 88 , Type L (hard-drawn for all horizontal and all exposed vertical lines, annealed for concealed vertical lines). Fittings DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psigwsp wrought-copper solder joint fittings conforming to ASME B16.22. Unions DN50 and under 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp wrought-copper solder joint, conforming to ASME B16.22. [Provide brazing rod with Classification BCuP-5, conforming to AWS A5.8/A5.8M.] [Solder must be 60-40 tin-antimony, alloy Sb-5, conforming to ASTM B 32.] 2.2.6.2 Type CPR-U, Copper Under Ground NOTE: For sizes under DN80 3 inches. Provide Type K seamless copper tube piping, conforming to ASTM B 88M ASTM B 88. Socket-joint fittings shall be wrought copper, conforming to ASME B16.22. Fittings for connection to corporation cocks shall be cast bronze, flared-type, conforming to ASME B16.26. Joints shall be brazed. 2.2.6.3 Type CPR-INS, Copper Under Ground Insulated NOTE: Type CPR-INS material is commercially available in sizes to and including DN105 4 inches OD. Since pipe is protected from soil by insulation system, Type L copper tube may be used if suitable for water carried at a cost saving of 10 percent. Type CPR-INS material may be used for hot water supply and return connected to tunnel mains. Provide insulated Type K seamless copper tube piping conforming to ASTM B 88M ASTM B 88. Socket-joint fittings shall be wrought copper, conforming to ASME B16.22. Joints shall be brazed. Provide insulation not less than DN50 2 inches thick, suitable for continuous service temperatures of not less than 121 degrees C 250 degrees F. Insulation shall be factory-molded, closed-cell polyurethane foam of not less than 40 kilogram per cubic meter 2.5 pounds per cubic foot density. Insulation shall be waterproofed with an extruded rigid Type II virgin polyvinylchloride, with minimum wall thickness of 1.52 millimeter through 102 millimeter 60 mils through 4 inches outside diameter, 2.16 millimeter through 168.28 millimeter 85 mils through 6.625 inches and 2.79 millimeter through 273 millimeter 110 mils through 12.750 inches. Provide fitting covers fabricated from the same materials and thickness as adjacent pipe covering according to the manufacturer's directions. 2.2.7 Grooved Pipe Couplings and Fittings Provide housing for all couplings, fabricated in two or more parts, of black, ungalvanized malleable iron castings. Coupling gasket shall be molded synthetic rubber, conforming to ASTM D 2000. Coupling bolts shall be oval-neck, track-head type, with hexagonal heavy nuts conforming to ASTM A 183. Fabricate all pipe fittings used with couplings of black, ungalvanized malleable iron castings. Where a manufacturer's standard-size malleable iron fitting pattern is not available, approved fabricated fittings may be used. Fabricate fittings from Schedule 40 or 19 millimeter 0.75-inch wall ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B seamless steel pipe; long radius seamless welding fittings with wall thickness to match pipe, conforming to ASTM A 234/A 234M and ASME B16.9. 2.3 _{PIPING SPECIALTIES} 2.3.1 Air Separator Air separated from converter discharge water shall be ejected by a reduced-velocity device vented to the compression tank. [Commercially constructed separator shall be designed and certified to separate not less than 80 percent of entrained air on the first passage of water and not less than 80 percent of residual on each successive pass. Provide shop drawings detailing all piping connections proposed for this work.] [Air separator shall be carbon steel, designed, fabricated, tested, and stamped in conformance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1 for service pressures not less than 862 kilopascal 125 psi.] 2.3.2 Air Vents [Manual air vents shall be 10 millimeter 3/8-inch globe valves.] NOTE: This size vent is suitable for most systems, and will pass 9.40 liter per second of free air 20 cubic feet of free air per minute at a system pressure of 862 kilopascal 125 psi. Where a system shall be filled at a certain rate, larger vents or a multiple assembly with safety features should be used. [Automatic air vents on pumps, mains, and where indicated shall be of ball-float construction. Vent inlet shall be not less than DN20 3/4-inch ips and the outlet not less than 8 millimeter 1/4-inch ips. Orifice shall be 3 millimeter 1/8 inch. Provide corrosion-resistant steel trim conforming to [ASTM A 276] [ASTM A 480/A 480M]. Vent shall be fitted with try-cock. Vent shall discharge air at any pressure up to 1034 kilopascal 150 psi. Outlet shall be copper tube routed.] 2.3.3 Compression Tank Provide compression tank designed, fabricated, tested, and stamped for a working pressure of not less than 862 kilopascal 125 psi in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1. Tank shall be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to produce not less than 51 grams 1.5 ounces of zinc coating per square meter foot of single-side surface. Tank accessories shall include red-lined gage-glass complete with glass protectors and shutoff valves, air charger and drainer, and manual vent. 2.3.4 Dielectric Connections Dissimilar pipe metals shall be electrically insulated from each other by couplings, unions, or flanges commercially manufactured for that purpose and rated for the service pressure and temperature. 2.3.5 Expansion Vibration Isolation Joints NOTE: Drawings should show detailed piping anchor provisions where expansion vibration isolation joints are used. This joint may also serve as a dielectric connector. Single or multiple arch-flanged expansion vibration isolation joints shall be constructed of steel-ring reinforced chloroprene-impregnated cloth materials. Design joint to absorb the movement of the pipe sections in which installed with no detrimental effect on the pipe or connected equipment. Back flanges with ferrous-metal backing rings. Provide control rod assemblies to restrict joint movement. All nonmetallic exterior surfaces of the joint shall be coated with chlorosulphinated polyethylene. Provide grommets in limit bolt hole to absorb noise transmitted through the bolts. NOTE: If other elastomers are substituted for chloroprene, temperature limits may be lowered to 82 degrees C 180 degrees F or less. Joints shall be suitable for continuous-duty working temperature of at least 121 degrees C250 degrees F. NOTE: Select the following paragraph where solids accumulating in arch would cause cutting of carcass. Note that all movements will be reduced by 50 percent. Fill arches with soft chloroprene. Joint, single-arch, movement limitations and size-related, pressure characteristics shall conform to FSA-0017 . 2.3.6 Flexible Pipe NOTE: Drawings should show detailed upstream and downstream piping anchor provisions and location with respect to axis of motion where flexible pipe is used. Grooved couplings and vibration-isolated pipe hangers should be considered. Flexible pipe may also serve as a dielectric connector. Select following paragraph for manufacturer's standard-service pipe. Flexible pipe vibration and pipe-noise eliminators shall be constructed of wire-reinforced, rubber-impregnated cloth and cord materials and shall be flanged. Flanges shall be backed with ferrous-metal backing rings. Service pressure-rating shall be minimum 1.5 times actual service. Surge pressure shall be at 82 degrees C 180 degrees F. NOTE: Anticipated life of chloroprene units at 121 degrees C 250 degrees F is 5 to 10 years. Flexible pipe vibration and pipe noise eliminators shall be constructed of wire-reinforced chloroprene-impregnated cloth and cord materials and they shall be flanged. Provide all flanges backed with ferrous-metal backing rings. Nonmetallic exterior surfaces of the flexible pipe shall be coated with an acid- and oxidation-resistant chlorosulphinated polyethylene. Flexible pipe shall be rated for continuous duty at 896 kilopascal and 121 degrees C 130 psi and 250 degrees F. Unit pipe lengths, face-to-face, shall be not less than the following: NOTE: The following lengths are basic recommendations: each application should be reviewed for optimum length.                 INSIDE DIAMETER (DN)             UNIT PIPE LENGTH             [To 65, inclusive                    305 millimeter             80 to 100, inclusive                 450 millimeter             125 to 300, inclusive                600 millimeter]             [To 80, inclusive                    450 millimeter             110 to 250, inclusive                600 millimeter             300 and larger                       914 millimeter]                 INSIDE DIAMETER                UNIT PIPE LENGTH             [To 2-1/2 inches, inclusive          12 inches             3 to 4 inches, inclusive             18 inches             5 to 12 inches, inclusive            24 inches]             [To 3 inches, inclusive              18 inches             4 to 10 inches, inclusive            24 inches             12 inches and larger                 36 inches] 2.3.7 Flexible Metallic Pipe Flexible pipe shall be the bellows-type with wire braid cover and designed, constructed, and rated in accordance with the applicable requirements of ASME B31.3. Working pressure minimum rating shall be [345] [690] kilopascal at 149 degrees C [50] [100] psi at 300 degrees F. [Minimum burst pressure shall be four times working pressure at 149 degrees C 300 degrees F. Bellows material shall be AISI Type 316L corrosion-resistant steel. Braid shall be AISI 300 series corrosion-resistant steel wire.] [Welded end connections shall be Schedule 80 carbon steel pipe, conforming to ASTM A 106/A 106M, Grade [B] [C].] [Threaded end connections shall be hex-collared Schedule 40, AISI Type 316L corrosion-resistant steel, conforming to ASTM A 312/A 312M.] [Flanged end connection rating and materials shall conform to specifications for system primary-pressure rating.] 2.3.8 Flexible Metal Steam Hose Hose shall be bellows type with wire braid cover and designed, constructed, and rated in accordance with the applicable requirements of ASME B31.3. Working steam pressure rating shall be 862 kilopascal at 260 degrees C 125 psi at 500 degrees F. [Minimum burst pressure shall be nine times working steam pressure at 149 degrees C 300 degrees F.] Bellows material shall be AISI Type 316L corrosion-resistant steel. Braid shall be AISI Type 300-series corrosion-resistant steel wire. [Welded end connections shall be Schedule 80 carbon steel pressure tube, conforming to ASTM A 106/A 106M, Grade [B] [C].] [Threaded end connections shall be hex-collared Schedule 40, AISI Type 316L corrosion-resistant steel, conforming to ASTM A 312/A 312M.] [Flanged end connection rating and materials shall conform to specifications for system primary-pressure rating.] 2.3.9 Metallic Expansion Joints [Expansion joints shall be metallic-bellows-type, conforming to MIL-DTL-17813.] [Expansion joints shall be Type I (corrugated bellows, unreinforced), [Class 1 (single bellows, expansion joint)], [Class 2 (double bellows, expansion joint)].] Design and construct joints to absorb all of the movements of the pipe sections in which installed, with no detrimental effect on pipe or supporting structure. Rate, design, and construct joints for pressures to 862 kilopascal 125 psig and temperatures to 260 degrees C 500 degrees F. Joints shall have a designed bursting strength in excess of [four] [_____] times their rated pressure. Joints shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic test of 1.5 times their rated pressure while held at their uncompressed length without leakage or distortion that may adversely affect their life cycle. Life expectancy shall be not less than 10,000 cycles. Movement capability of each joint shall exceed calculated movement of piping by [100] [_____] percent. Bellows and internal sleeve material shall be AISI Type 304, 304L, or 321 corrosion-resistant steel. End connections shall require no field preparation other than cleaning. [Butt weld end preparation of expansion joints shall conform to the same codes and standards requirements as applicable to the piping system materials at the indicated joint location.] [Flanges of flanged-end expansion joints shall conform to the same codes and standard requirements as are applicable to companion flanges specified for the given piping system at the indicated joint location.] Joints, DN65 2-1/2 inches and smaller, shall have internal guides and limit stops. Joints, DN80 3 inches and larger, shall be provided with removable external covers, internal sleeves, and purging connection. Sleeves shall be sized to accommodate lateral clearance required, with minimum reduction of flow area, and with oversized bellows where necessary. When a sleeve requires a gasket as part of a locking arrangement, the gasket shall be provided by the manufacturer. Joints without purging connection may be provided; however, remove these from the line prior to, or not installed until, cleaning operations are complete. [Cylindrical end portion of the reinforced bellows element shall be provided with a thrust sleeve of sufficient thickness to bring that portion within applicable code-allowable stress. Sleeve shall provide 360 degrees support for the element and end-reinforcing ring.] [Expansion joints shall have four, equidistant, permanent tram points clearly marked on each joint end. Locate points to prevent obliteration during installation. Distance between tram points indicating installed lengths shall be included in shop drawings. Overall dimension after joint installation shall be subject to approval.] Each expansion joint shall have adjustable clamps or yokes provided at quarter points, straddling the bellows. Overall joint length shall be set by the manufacturer to maintain joints in manufacturer's recommended position during installation. NOTE: Pipe lines containing expansion joints shall be securely anchored to completely resist the thrust due to the pressure acting on the full internal area of the corrugations. They shall also be properly guided to prevent misalignment of the joint. Details of anchors and guides shall be correlated for each application. Permanently and legibly mark each joint with the manufacturer's name or trademark and serial number; the size, series, or catalog number; bellows material; and directional-flow arrow. 2.3.10 Hose Faucets NOTE: Normally delete vacuum breaker when faucets are installed in nonpotable-water lines. Construct hose faucets with 15 millimeter 1/2 inch male inlet threads, hexagon shoulder, and 20 millimeter 3/4 inch hose connection, conforming to ASME A112.18.1. Hose-coupling screw threads shall conform to ASME B1.21M ASME B1.20.7. Vandalproof, atmospheric-type vacuum breaker shall be provided on the discharge of all potable water lines. 2.3.11 Pressure Gages Pressure gages shall conform to ASME B40.100 and to requirements specified herein. Pressure-gage size shall be 90 millimeter 3-1/2 inches nominal diameter. Case shall be corrosion-resistant steel, conforming to any of the AISI 300 series of ASTM A 6/A 6M, with an ASM No. 4 standard commercial polish or better. Equip gages with adjustable red marking pointer and damper-screw adjustment in inlet connection. Service-pressure reading shall be at midpoint of gage range. All gages shall be Grade B or better and be equipped with gage isolators. NOTE: Retain the following paragraph only if pressure gages are used on steam piping. [Fit steam gages with black steel syphons and steam service pressure-rated gage cocks or valves.] 2.3.12 Sight-Flow Indicators Sight-flow indicators for pressure service on 80 millimeter 3-inch ips and smaller shall be constructed of bronze with specially treated single- or double-glass sight windows and have a bronze, nylon, or tetrafluoroethylene rotating flow indicator mounted on an AISI Type [304] [316] corrosion-resistant steel shaft. Body may have screwed or flanged end. Assembly shall be pressure- and temperature-rated for the applied service. Flapper flow-type indicators are not acceptable. 2.3.13 Sleeve Couplings Sleeve couplings for plain-end pipe shall consist of one steel middle ring, two steel followers, two chloroprene or Buna-N elastomer gaskets, and the necessary steel bolts and nuts. 2.3.14 Thermometers Thermometers shall conform to ASTM E 1, except for being filled with a red organic liquid. Thermometers shall be an industrial pattern armored glass model, (well-threaded and seal-welded). Thermometers installed 1800 millimeter 6 feet or higher above the floor shall have an adjustable angle body. Scale shall be not less than 180 millimeter 7 inches long. Case face shall be manufactured from manufacturer's standard polished aluminum or AISI 300 series polished corrosion-resistant steel. Thermometer range shall be [_____]. Provide thermometers with nonferrous separable wells. Provide lagging extension to accommodate insulation thickness. 2.3.15 Pump Suction Strainers NOTE: To preclude cavitation, check the following conditions prior to specifying: NPSH, flow rate, open area, screen size, and pressure drop across strainer. Strainer body shall be cast iron, rated for not less than 172 kilopascal at 38 degrees C 25 psig at 100 degrees F, with flanges conforming to ASME B16.1, Class 125. Strainer construction shall be such that there is a machined surface joint between body and basket that is normal to the centerline of the basket. Minimum ratio of open area of each basket to pipe area shall be 3 to 1. Basket shall be AISI 300 series corrosion-resistant steel wire mesh with perforated backing. Mesh shall be capable of retaining all particles larger than 1,000 micrometer, with a pressure drop across the strainer body of not more than 5 kilopascal 0.5 psi when the basket is two-thirds dirty at maximum system flow rate. Reducing fittings from strainer-flange size to pipe size shall be provided. A [differential-pressure gage] [pressure gage with 2 kilopascal 0.25-pound graduations] fitted with a two-way brass cock shall be provided across the strainer. Provide manual air vent cocks in cap of each strainer. 2.3.16 Line Strainers, Water Service Strainers shall be Y-type with removable basket. Strainers in sizes DN50 2-inch ips and smaller shall have screwed ends. In sizes DN65 2-1/2-inch ips and larger, strainers shall have flanged ends. Body working-pressure rating shall exceed maximum service pressure of system in which installed by at least 50 percent. Body shall have cast-in arrows to indicate direction of flow. All strainer bodies fitted with screwed screen retainers shall have straight threads and gasketed with nonferrous metal. Strainer bodies DN65 2-1/2-inches and larger, fitted with bolted-on screen retainers, shall have offset blowdown holes. All strainers larger than DN652-1/2-inches shall be fitted with manufacturer's standard ball-type blowdown valve. Body material shall be [cast bronze conforming to ASTM B 62 ] [cast iron conforming to Class 30 ASTM A 278/A 278M]. Where system material is nonferrous, metal strainer body material shall be nonferrous metal. Minimum free-hole area of strainer element shall be equal to not less than 3.4 times the internal area of connecting piping. Strainer screens shall have perforations not to exceed 1.14 millimeter 0.045-inch. Strainer screens shall have finished ends fitted to machined screen chamber surfaces to preclude bypass flow. Strainer element material shall be [AISI Type [304] [316] corrosion-resistant steel] [Monel metal]. 2.3.17 Line Strainers, Steam Service Strainers shall be Y-type with removable strainer element. Body end connections shall be flanged for all valves larger than DN50 2 inches, unless butt weld ends are specified. [Screwed] [Socket] weld shall be used for sizes DN50 2 inches and under to suit specified piping system end connection and maintenance requirements [or be welded]. Strainers located in tunnels, trenches, manholes, and valve pits shall have welded end connections. Body working steam pressure rating shall be the same as the primary valve rating for system in which strainer is installed, except where welded end materials requirements result in higher pressure ratings. Body shall have integral cast or forged arrows to indicate direction of flow. Provide strainer bodies with blowdown valves that have discharge end plugged with a solid metal plug. Make closure assembly with tetrafluoroethylene tape. Bodies fitted with bolted-on screen retainers shall have offset blowdown holes. Body materials shall be [cast steel conforming to ASTM A 216/A 216M, Grade WCB] [forged carbon steel conforming to ASTM A 105/A 105M] [manufacturer's standard metallurgical equivalents for service pressures of 1035 kilopascal 150-psi wsp and greater, and for lower pressure ratings where welding is required] [cast iron conforming to ASTM A 126, Class B, for service pressures 862 kilopascal 125-psi wsp and less]. Minimum free-hole area of strainer element shall be equal to not less than 3.4 times the internal area of connecting piping. Strainer screens shall have perforations not to exceed 0.51 millimeter 0.020 inch or equivalent wire mesh. Strainer screens shall have finished ends fitted to machined screen chamber surfaces to preclude bypass flow. Strainer element material shall be AISI Type [304] [316] corrosion-resistant steel and fitted with backup screens where necessary to prevent collapse. 2.4 _VALVES NOTE: Figure 1A is a one piece body. Figure 1B is a vertically split body.with the split to one side of the ball. Figure 1C is a top entry. Figure 1D is a three piece body. 2.4.1 Ball and Butterfly Valves Ball valves shall conform to MSS SP-72 for Figure [1A], 1 piece body [1B], vertically split body [1C], top entry [1D], three piece body and shall be rated for service at not less than 1207 kilopascal at 93 degrees C 175 psig at 200 degrees F. Valve bodies in sizes DN50 2 inches and smaller shall be screwed-end connection-type constructed of Class A copper alloy. Valve bodies in sizes DN50 DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall be flanged-end connection type, constructed of Class [D] [E] [F] material. Balls and stems of valves DN50 2 inches and smaller shall be manufacturer's standard with hard chrome plating finish. Balls and stems of valves DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall be manufacturer's standard Class C corrosion-resistant steel alloy with hard chrome plating. Balls of valves DN150 6 inches and larger may be Class D with 900 Brinell hard chrome plating. Valves shall be suitable for flow from either direction and shall seal equally tight in either direction. Valves with ball seals held in place by spring washers are not acceptable. All valves shall have adjustable packing glands. Seats and seals shall be tetrafluoroethylene. Butterfly valves shall conform to MSS SP-67. Valves shall be wafer type for mounting between specified flanges and shall be rated for 1034 kilopascal 150-psig shutoff and nonshock working pressure. Bodies shall be cast ferrous metal conforming to ASTM A 126, Class B, and to ASME B16.1 for body wall thickness. Seats and seals shall be of the resilient elastomer type designed for field removal and replacement. 2.4.2 Drain, Vent, and Gage Cocks Drain, vent, and gage cocks shall be [T-head] [lever handle], ground key type, with washer and screw, constructed of polished ASTM B 62 bronze, and rated 862 kilopascal 125-psi wsp. End connections shall be rated for specified service pressure. Pump vent cocks, and where spray control is required, shall be UL umbrella-hood type, constructed of manufacturer's standard polished brass. Cocks shall be 15 millimeter 1/2-inch ips male, end threaded, and rated at not less than 862 kilopascal at 107 degrees C 125 psi at 225 degrees F. 2.4.3 Gate Valves (GAV) Gate valves DN50 2 inches and smaller shall conform to MSS SP-72. Valves located in tunnels, equipment rooms, factory-assembled equipment, and where indicated shall be union-ring bonnet, screwed-end type. Make packing of non-asbestos type materials. Valves shall be rising stem type. Gate valves DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger, shall be Type I, (solid wedge disc, tapered seats, steam rated); Class 125 (862 kilopascal 125-psig steam-working pressure at 178 degrees C 353 degrees F saturation); and 1379 kilopascal 200-psig, wog (nonshock), conforming to MSS SP-70 and to requirements specified herein. Valves shall be flanged, with bronze trim and outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) construction. Make packing of non-asbestos type materials. 2.4.4 Globe and Angle Valves (GLV-ANV) Globe and angle valves DN50 2 inches and smaller, shall be 862 kilopascal 125-pound, 125-psi conforming to MSS SP-85 and to requirements specified herein. Valves located in tunnels, equipment rooms, factory-assembled equipment, and where indicated shall be union-ring bonnet, screwed-end type. Disc shall be free to swivel on the stem in all valve sizes. Composition seating-surface disc construction may be substituted for all metal-disc construction. Make packing of non-asbestos type materials. Disk and packing shall be suitable for pipe service installed. Globe and angle valves DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger, shall be cast iron with bronze trim. Valve bodies shall be cast iron conforming to ASTM A 126, Class A, as specified for Class 1 valves under MSS SP-70. Valve ends shall be flanged in conformance with ASME B16.1. Valve construction shall be outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) type. Make packing of non-asbestos type materials. 2.4.5 Standard Check Valves (SCV) Standard check valves in sizes DN50 2 inches and smaller shall be 862 kilopascal 125-psi swing check conforming to MSS SP-71, except as otherwise specified. Provide lift checks where indicated. Swing-check pins shall be nonferrous and suitably hard for the service. Discs shall be composition type. Swing-check angle of closure shall be manufacturer's standard unless a specific angle is needed. Check valves in sizes DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall be cast iron, bronze trim, swing type. Valve bodies shall be cast iron, conforming to ASTM A 126, Class A. Valve ends shall be flanged in conformance with ASME B16.1 . Swing-check pin shall be AISI Type or approved equal corrosion-resistant steel. Angle of closure shall be manufacturer's standard unless a specific angle is needed. Valves shall have bolted and gasketed covers. Provide check valves with [external spring-loaded] [lever-weighted], positive-closure devices and valve ends shall be [mechanical joint] [push-on] [flanged]. 2.4.6 Nonslam Check Valves (NSV) NOTE: The following specification is adequate for most construction situations. Where unusual hydraulic conditions occur, review closing time and in-service adjustment capability of helical-coil valve construction versus other construction. Check valves at pump discharges in sizes DN50 2 inches and larger shall be nonslam or silent-check type conforming to MSS SP-125. Valve disc or plate shall close before line flow can reverse to eliminate slam and water-hammer due to check-valve closure. Valve shall be Class 125 rated for 1379 kilopascal 200-psi maximum, nonshock pressure at 66 degrees C 150 degrees F in sizes to DN300 12 inches. Valves shall be [wafer type to fit between flanges conforming to ASME B16.1] [fitted with flanges conforming to ASME B16.1]. Valve body may be cast iron, conforming to ASTM A 278/A 278M, Class 40 or equivalent strength ductile iron. Disks shall be manufacturer's standard bronze, aluminum bronze, or corrosion-resistant steel. Pins, springs, and miscellaneous trim shall be manufacturer's standard corrosion-resistant steel. Disk and shaft seals shall be Buna-N elastomer tetrafluoroethylene. 2.5 _{MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS} 2.5.1 Bituminous Coating Bituminous coating shall be a solvent cutback, heavy-bodied material to produce not less than a 0.30 millimeter 12-mil dry-film thickness in one coat, and shall be as recommended by the manufacturer to be compatible with factory-applied coating and rubber joints. For previously coal-tar coated and uncoated ferrous surfaces underground, bituminous coating shall be solvent cutback coal-tar type, conforming to MIL-C-18480. 2.5.2 Bolting Flange and general purpose bolting shall be hex-head and must conform to ASTM F 568M, Class 4.8 or above ASTM A 307 , Grade B (bolts, for flanged joints in piping systems where one or both flanges are cast iron). Heavy hex-nuts shall conform to ASTM A 563M ASTM A 563. Square-head bolts and nuts are not acceptable. Threads shall be coarse-thread series. 2.5.3 Elastomer Calk Polysulfide- or polyurethane-base elastomer calking material shall be two-component type, conforming to ASTM C 920 . 2.5.4 Escutcheons Escutcheons shall be manufactured from nonferrous metals and chrome-plated except when AISI 300 series corrosion-resistant steel is provided. Metals and finish shall conform to ASME A112.19.2. Escutcheons shall be one-piece type where mounted on chrome-plated pipe or tubing, and one-piece of split-pattern type elsewhere. All escutcheons shall have provisions consisting of [internal spring-tension devices] [setscrews] for maintaining a fixed position against a surface. 2.5.5 Flashing Sheet lead shall conform to ASTM B 749, [UNS Alloy Number L50049 (intended for use in laboratories and shops in general application)] [UNS Alloy Number L51121 (for use where lead sheet of high purity and improved structural strength is indicated)]. Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 370 and be of not less than 4.88 kilogram per square meter 16 ounces per square foot weight. 2.5.6 Flange Gaskets Compressed non-asbestos sheet, conforming to ASTM F 104, coated on both sides with graphite or similar lubricant, with nitrile composition, binder rated to 399 degrees C 750 degrees F. 2.5.7 Grout NOTE: When moisture or uncured concrete occurs, metallic grout may cause buildup of pressure that, under confinement, could be sufficient to misaligned equipment. Shrink-resistant grout shall be a premixed and packaged metallic-aggregate, mortar-grouting compound conforming to ASTM C 404 and ASTM C 476. NOTE: Epoxy grout shall be specified particularly where mild chemical resistance is necessary or where oil soaking may occur. For service with acids, polyester grouts should be specified. Where high anchor-bolt torques (2,000 ft-lb) (2712 newton-meter) are applied, epoxy polyamides will cold-flow. Shrink-resistant grout shall be a combination of premeasured and packaged epoxy polyamide or amine resins and selected aggregate mortar grouting compound conforming to the following requirements: Tensile strength                            13.100 Megapascal, minimum Compressive strength  ASTM C 109/C 109M     96.527 Megapascal, minimum Shrinkage, linear                           0.003 mm per millimeter, maximum Water absorption      ASTM C 67             0.1 percent, maximum Bond strength to                            6.895 Megapascal, minimum steel                                             in shear minimum Tensile strength                            1,900 psi, minimum Compressive strength  ASTM C 109/C 109M     14,000 psi, minimum Shrinkage, linear                           0.00012 inch per inch, maximum Water absorption      ASTM C 67             0.1 percent, maximum Bond strength to                            1,000 psi, minimum steel in shear                                             minimum 2.5.8 Pipe Thread Compounds Use tetrafluoroethylene tape not less than 0.05 to 0.08 millimeter 2 to 3 mils thick in potable and process water and in chemical systems for pipe sizes to and including DN25 1-inch ips. Tetrafluoroethylene dispersions and other suitable compounds shall be used for all other applications upon approval by the Contracting Officer; however, no lead-containing compounds shall be used in potable water systems. 2.6 _{SUPPORTING ELEMENTS} Provide all necessary piping systems and equipment supporting elements, including but not limited to: building structure attachments; supplementary steel; hanger rods, stanchions, and fixtures; vertical pipe attachments; horizontal pipe attachments; anchors; guides; and spring-cushion, variable, or constant supports. All supporting elements shall be suitable for stresses imposed by systems pressures and temperatures and natural and other external forces normal to this facility without damage to supporting element system or to work being supported. Supporting elements shall conform to requirements of ASME B31.3, MSS SP-58, and MSS SP-69 except as noted. Attachments welded to pipe shall be made of materials identical to that of pipe or materials accepted as permissible raw materials by referenced code or standard specification. Supporting elements exposed to weather shall be hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel. Materials shall be of such a nature that their apparent and latent-strength characteristics are not reduced due to galvanizing process. Supporting elements in contact with copper tubing shall be electroplated with copper. Type designations specified herein are based on MSS SP-58 and MSS SP-69. Masonry anchor group-, type-, and style-combination designations shall be in accordance with CID A-A-1922, CID A-A-1923, FS A-A-1924, FS A-A-1925 , CID A-A-55614 , and CID A-A-55615. Support elements, except for supplementary steel, shall be cataloged, load rated, commercially manufactured products. 2.6.1 Building Structure Attachments NOTE: Review specific instructions relative to anchor devices in support elements installation paragraph prior to selection of following text. 2.6.1.1 Anchor Devices, Concrete and Masonry Anchor devices shall conform to CID A-A-1922, CID A-A-1923, FS A-A-1924, FS A-A-1925 , CID A-A-55614, and CID A-A-55615 Cast-in, floor mounted, equipment anchor devices shall provide adjustable positions. [Masonry anchor devices shall be built-in.] Powder-actuated anchoring devices shall not be used to support any mechanical systems components. 2.6.1.2 Beam Clamps Beam clamps shall be center-loading MSS SP-58 Type [20] [21] [28] [29] [30] [_____]. [When it is not possible to use center-loading beam clamps, eccentric-loading beam clamps, MSS SP-58 Type [19] [20] [25] [27] may be used for piping sizes DN50 2 inches and less and for piping sizes DN50 through DN250 2 through 10 inches provided two counterbalancing clamps are used per point of pipe support. Where more than one rod is used per point of pipe support, rod diameter shall be determined in accordance with referenced standards.] 2.6.1.3 C-Clamps Do not use C-clamps. 2.6.1.4 Inserts, Concrete Concrete inserts shall be MSS SP-58 Type [18] [_____]. When applied to piping in sizes DN50 2 inches ips and larger and where otherwise required by imposed loads, insert and wire a 305 millimeter 1-foot length of 13 millimeter 1/2-inch reinforcing rod through wing slots. Submit proprietary-type continuous inserts for approval. 2.6.2 Horizontal Pipe Attachments 2.6.2.1 Single Pipes Support piping in sizes to and including DN50 2-inch ips by MSS SP-58 Type 6 solid malleable iron pipe rings, except that split-band-type rings shall be used in sizes up to DN25 1-inch ips. Support piping in sizes through DN200 8-inch ips inclusive by MSS SP-58 Type [1] [3] [4] attachments. MSS SP-58 Type 1 and Type 6 assemblies shall be used on vapor-sealed insulated piping and shall have an inside diameter larger than pipe being supported to provide adequate clearance during pipe movement. Where thermal movement of a point in a piping system DN100 4 inches and larger would cause a hanger rod to deflect more than 4 degrees from the vertical or where a horizontal point movement exceeds 13 millimeter 1/2 inch, MSS SP-58 Type [41] [44 through 46] [49] pipe rolls shall be used. Support piping in sizes larger than DN200 8-inch ips with MSS SP-58 Type [41] [44 through 46] [49] pipe rolls. MSS SP-58 Type 40 shields shall be used on all insulated piping. Area of the supporting surface shall be such that compression deformation of insulated surfaces does not occur. Longitudinal and transverse shield edges shall be rolled away from the insulation. Provide insulated piping without vapor barrier on roll supports with MSS SP-58 Type 39 saddles. Spring supports shall be as indicated. 2.6.2.2 Parallel Pipes Trapeze hangers fabricated from structural steel shapes, with U-bolts, shall be used in congested areas and where multiple pipe runs occur. Structural steel shapes shall [conform to supplementary steel requirements] [be of commercially available, proprietary design, rolled steel]. 2.6.3 Vertical Pipe Attachments Vertical pipe attachments shall be MSS SP-58 Type 8. Shop drawing data shall include complete fabrication and attachment details of any spring supports. 2.6.4 Hanger Rods and Fixtures Only circular cross section rod hangers shall be used to connect building structure attachments to pipe support devices. Pipe, straps, or bars of equivalent strength shall be used for hangers only where approved by the Contracting Officer. Turnbuckles, swing eyes, and clevises shall be provided as required by support system to accommodate temperature change, pipe accessibility, and adjustment for load and pitch. Rod couplings are not acceptable. 2.6.5 Supplementary Steel Where it is necessary to frame structural members between existing members or where structural members are used in lieu of commercially rated supports, design and fabricate such supplementary steel in accordance with AISC 325 . PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 PIPE INSTALLATION Submit certificates for pipes, valves and specialties showing conformance with test requirements as contained in the reference standards contained in this section. Certificates shall verify _{Surface Resistance}, _{Shear and Tensile Strengths}, _{Temperature Ratings}, _{Bending Tests}, _{Flattening Tests} and _{Transverse Guided Weld Bend Tests} . Test reports for _{Hydrostatic Tests}, _{Air Tests}, _{Valve-Operating Tests}, _{Drainage Tests}, _{Pneumatic Tests}, _{Non-Destructive Electric Tests} and _{System Operation Tests} shall be provided by the Contractor, in compliance with referenced standards contained within this section. Fabricate and install piping systems in accordance with ASME B31.3, MSS SP-69, and AWS WHB-2.9. Submit _{Installation Drawings} for pipes, valves and specialties. Drawings shall include the manufacturer's design and construction calculations, forces required to obtain rated axial, lateral, or angular movements, installation criteria, anchor and guide requirements for equipment, and equipment room layout and design. Drawings shall specifically advise on procedures to be followed and provisions required to protect expansion joints during specified hydrostatic testing operations. Connections between steel piping and copper piping shall be electrically isolated from each other with [dielectric couplings (or unions)] [flanged with gaskets] rated for the service. Make final connections to equipment with [unions] [flanges] provided every 30480 millimeter 100 feet of straight run. Provide unions in the line downstream of screwed- and welded-end valves. Ream all pipe ends before joint connections are made. Screwed joints shall be made up with specified joint compound and not more than three threads shall show after joint is made up. Apply joint compounds to the male thread only and exercise care to prevent compound from reaching the unthreaded interior of the pipe. Provide screwed unions, welded unions, or bolted flanges wherever required to permit convenient removal of equipment, valves, and piping accessories from the piping system for maintenance. Securely support piping systems with due allowance for thrust forces, thermal expansion and contraction, and shall not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, vibrational or other damage as specified in ASME B31.3. Field welded joints shall conform to the requirements of the AWS WHB-2.9, ASME B31.3, and ASME BPVC SEC IX. [Make piping systems butt weld joints with backing rings. Backing ring materials shall be compatible with materials being joined. Joint configuration shall conform to ASME B16.25.] NOTE: Prior to selection of one of the following two paragraphs, review requirements of ASME B31.3 And ASME BPVC SEC IX to avoid conflict and redundancy. Also review PFI ES-19 and PFI ES-28 if materials specifications have been rewritten or supplemented. [Preheat and postheat treatment of welds shall be done in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC IX and ASME B31.3.] [Take all necessary precautions during installation of flexible pipe and hose including flushing and purging with water, steam, and compressed air to preclude bellows failure due to pipe line debris lodged in bellows. Installation shall conform to manufacturer's instructions.] 3.2 VALVES Provide valves in piping mains and all branches and at equipment where indicated and as specified. Provide valves to permit isolation of branch piping and each equipment item from the balance of the system. Riser and downcomer drains above piping shutoff valves in piping DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall be provided. Tap and fit shutoff valve body with a DN15 1/2-inch plugged globe valve. Valves unavoidably located in furred or other normally inaccessible places shall be provided with access panels adequately sized for the location and located so that concealed items may be serviced, maintained, or replaced. 3.3 SUPPORTING ELEMENTS INSTALLATION Provide supporting elements in accordance with the referenced codes and standards. Support piping from building structure. No piping shall be supported from roof deck or from other pipe. Piping shall run parallel with the lines of the building. Space and install piping and components so that a threaded pipe fitting may be removed between adjacent pipes and so that there shall be no less than DN15 1/2 inch of clear space between the finished surface and other work and between the finished surface of parallel adjacent piping. Hangers on different adjacent service lines running parallel with each other shall be arranged to be in line with each other and parallel to the lines of the building. Install piping support elements at intervals specified hereinafter, at locations not more than 900 millimeter 3 feet from the ends of each runout, and not over 300 millimeter 1 foot from each change in direction of piping. Load rating for all pipe-hanger supports shall be based on insulated weight of lines filled with water and forces imposed. Deflection per span shall not exceed slope gradient of pipe. Supports shall be in accordance with the following minimum rod size and maximum allowable hanger spacing for specified pipe. For concentrated loads such as valves, the allowable span must be reduced proportionately:             PIPE SIZE (DN)    ROD SIZE     STEEL PIPE     COPPER PIPE             MILLIMETER        MILLIMETER   MILLIMETER     MILLIMETER             25 and smaller       10           2500           1850             32 to 40             10           3050           2500             50                   10           3050           3050             65 to 90             13           3700           3700             100 to 125           16           5000           4300             150                  20           5000           5000             200 to 300           22           6100           6100             356 to 457           25           6100           6100             508 and over         32           6100           6100             PIPE SIZE         ROD SIZE     STEEL PIPE     COPPER PIPE              INCHES            INCHES         FEET           FEET             1 and smaller       3/8             8              6             1-1/4 to 1-1/2      3/8            10              8             2                   3/8            10              8             2-1/2 to 3-1/2      1/2            12             12             4 to 5              5/8            16             14             6                   3/4            16             16             8 to 12             7/8            20             20             14 to 18            1              20             20             20 and over         1-1/4          20             20 Provide vibration isolation supports where needed. Refer to Section 23 05 48 VIBRATION AND SEISMIC CONTROLS FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT where A/C equipment and piping is installed. Vertical risers shall be supported independently of connected horizontal piping, whenever practicable, with fixed or spring supports at the base and at intervals to accommodate system range of thermal conditions. Risers shall be guided for lateral stability. For risers subject to expansion, provide only one rigid support at a point approximately one-third down from the top. Place clamps under fittings unless otherwise specified. Support carbon-steel pipe at each floor and at not more than 4572 millimeter 15-footintervals for pipe DN50 2 inches and smaller and at not more than 6096 millimeter 20-footintervals for pipe DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger. 3.4 PENETRATIONS Effective sound stopping and adequate operating clearance shall be provided to prevent structure contact where piping penetrates walls, floors, or ceilings into occupied spaces adjacent to equipment rooms; where similar penetrations occur between occupied spaces; and where penetrations occur from pipe chases into occupied spaces. Occupied spaces shall include space above ceilings where no special acoustic treatment of ceiling is provided. Penetrations shall be finished to be compatible with surface being penetrated. [Sound stopping and vapor-barrier sealing of pipe shafts and large floor and wall openings shall be accomplished by packing to high density with properly supported fibrous-glass insulation or, where ambient or surface temperatures do not exceed 49 degrees C 120 degrees F, by foaming-in-place with self-extinguishing, 0.9 kilogram 2-pound density polyurethane foam to a depth not less than 152 millimeter 6 inches. Foam shall be finished with a rasp. Vapor barrier shall be not less than 3 millimeter 1/8-inch thick vinyl coating applied to visible and accessible surfaces. Where high temperatures and fire stopping are a consideration, only mineral wool shall be used and openings must also be covered with 1.6 millimeter 16-gage sheet metal.] 3.5 SLEEVES Provide sleeves where piping passes through roofs, masonry, concrete walls and floors. Sleeves passing through steel decks shall be continuously [welded] [brazed] to the deck. Sleeves that extend through floors, roofs, load bearing walls, and fire barriers shall be continuous and fabricated from Schedule 40 steel pipe, with welded anchor lugs. All other sleeves shall be formed by molded linear polyethylene liners or similar materials that are removable. Diameter of sleeves shall be large enough to accommodate pipe, insulation, and jacketing without touching the sleeve and shall provide a minimum 10 millimeter 3/8-inch clearance. Sleeve size must accommodate mechanical and thermal motion of pipe to preclude transmission of vibration to walls and the generation of noise. Space between a pipe, bare or insulated, and the inside of a pipe sleeve or a construction surface penetration shall be packed solid with a mineral fiber conforming to ASTM C 553 Type V (flexible blanket),(to 538 degrees C) (to 1,000 degrees F). Provide this packing wherever the piping passes through firewalls, equipment room walls, floors, and ceilings connected to occupied spaces, and other locations where sleeves or construction-surface penetrations occur between occupied spaces. Where sleeves or construction surface penetrations occur between conditioned and unconditioned spaces, the space between a pipe, bare or insulated, and the inside of a pipe sleeve or construction surface penetration shall be filled with an elastomer calk to a depth of 13 millimeter 1/2 inch . All surfaces to be calked shall be oil- and grease-free. Through-Penetration fire stop materials and methods shall be in accordance with ASTM E 814 and UL 1479. Exterior wall sleeves shall be calked watertight with lead and oakum or mechanically expandable chloroprene inserts with mastic-sealed metal components. NOTE: Review roof flooding provisions before revising the following paragraph. [Sleeve height above roof surface shall be a minimum of 305 12 and a maximum of 457 millimeter 18 inches.] 3.6 ESCUTCHEONS Provide escutcheons at all penetrations of piping into finished areas. Where finished areas are separated by partitions through which piping passes, provide escutcheons on both sides of the partition. Where suspended ceilings are installed, provide plates at the underside only of such ceilings. For insulated pipes, the plates shall be large enough to fit around the insulation. Escutcheons shall be chrome-plated in all occupied spaces and of size sufficient to effectively conceal openings in building construction. Firmly attach escutcheons with setscrews. 3.7 FLASHINGS NOTE: Review roof flooding provisions. [Provide flashings at penetrations of building boundaries by mechanical systems and related work.] 3.8 UNDERGROUND PIPING INSTALLATION Prior to being lowered into a trench, all piping shall be cleaned, visually inspected for apparent defects, and tapped with a hammer to audibly detect hidden defects. Suspect cast-ferrous piping shall be further inspected by painting with kerosene on external surfaces to reveal cracks. Distinctly mark defective materials found using a road-traffic quality yellow paint; promptly remove defective material from the site. After conduit has been inspected, and not less than 48 hours prior to being lowered into a trench, all external surfaces of cast ferrous conduit shall be coated with a compatible bituminous coating for protection against brackish ground water. Application shall be single coat, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, to result in a dry-film thickness of not less than 0.30 millimeter 12 mils. Excavations shall be dry and clear of extraneous materials when pipe is being laid. Cutting of piping shall be by wheel cutters or other machines designed specifically for that purpose. Electric-arc and oxyacetylene cutting will not be permitted. Laying of pipe shall begin at the low point of a system. When in final acceptance position, it shall be true to the grades and alignment indicated, with unbroken continuity of invert. Blocking and wedging will not be permitted. [Bell or grooved ends of piping shall point upstream.] Make changes in direction with long sweep fittings. Necessary socket clamping, piers, bases, anchors, and thrust blocking shall be provided. Protect rods, clamps, and bolting with a coating of bitumen. Underground piping below supported or suspended slabs shall be supported from the slab with a minimum of two supports per length of pipe. Protect supports with a coating of bitumen. On excavations that occur near and below building footings, the backfilling material shall consist of 13800 kilopascal 2,000-psi cured compressive-strength concrete poured or pressure-grouted up to the level of the footing. Vertical downspouts; soil, waste, and vent stacks; water risers; and similar work shall be properly supported on approved piers at the base and provided with approved structural supports attached to building construction. [Provide cleanout, flushing, and observation risers.] 3.9 HEAT TRACE CABLE INSTALLATION Heater tape shall be field applied and cut to fit as necessary, linearly along the length of pipe after piping has been pressure tested and approved by the Contracting Officer. Secure the heater to piping with [cable ties] [fiberglass tape]. Thermal insulation shall be labeled on the outside, "Electrical Heat Trace." Power connection, end seals, splice kits and tee kit components shall be installed in accordance with IEEE Std 515 to provide a complete workable system. Connection to the thermostat and ends of the heat tape shall be terminated in a junction box. Cable and conduit connections shall be raintight. 3.10 DISINFECTION [Water piping, including all valves, fittings, and other devices, shall be disinfected with a solution of chlorine and water. Solution shall contain not less than 50 parts per million (ppm) of available chlorine. Hold solution for a period of not less than 8 hours, after which the solution must contain not less than 10 ppm of available chlorine or the piping shall be redisinfected. After successful sterilization, thoroughly flush the piping before placing into service. Flushing shall be complete when the flush water contains less than 0.5 ppm of available chlorine. Water for disinfected will be furnished by the Government. Contractor shall be responsible for approved disposal of contaminated flush water in accordance with written instructions received from the Environmental authority having jurisdiction through the Contracting Officer and all Local, State and Federal Regulations.] [Flush piping with potable water until visible grease, dirt and other contaminants are removed (visual inspection).] 3.11 HEAT TRACE CABLE TESTS Test heat trace cable system in accordance with IEEE Std 515 after installation and before and after installation of the thermal insulation. Test heater cable using a [1000] [_____] vdc megger. Minimum insulation resistance shall be [20 to 1000] [_____] megohms regardless of cable length. 3.12 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE _{Operation and Maintenance Manuals} shall be consistent with manufacturer's standard brochures, schematics, printed instructions, general operating procedures and safety precautions. Test data shall be clear and readily legible. NOTE: For SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects, delete all painting requirements and specify as follows: "PART 3 EXECUTION, Not Used." 3.13 PAINTING OF NEW EQUIPMENT New equipment painting shall be factory applied or shop applied, and shall be as specified herein, and provided under each individual section. 3.13.1 Factory Painting Systems Manufacturer's standard factory painting systems may be provided subject to certification that the factory painting system applied will withstand 125 hours in a salt-spray fog test, except that equipment located outdoors shall withstand 500 hours in a salt-spray fog test. Salt-spray fog test shall be in accordance with ASTM B 117, and for that test the acceptance criteria shall be as follows: immediately after completion of the test, the paint shall show no signs of blistering, wrinkling, or cracking, and no loss of adhesion; and the specimen shall show no signs of rust creepage beyond 3 mm 0.125 inch on either side of the scratch mark. The film thickness of the factory painting system applied on the equipment shall not be less than the film thickness used on the test specimen. If manufacturer's standard factory painting system is being proposed for use on surfaces subject to temperatures above 50 degrees C 120 degrees F, design the factory painting system for the temperature service. 3.13.2 Shop Painting Systems for Metal Surfaces Clean, pretreat, prime and paint metal surfaces; except aluminum surfaces need not be painted. Apply coatings to clean dry surfaces. Clean the surfaces to remove dust, dirt, rust, oil and grease by wire brushing and solvent degreasing prior to application of paint, except metal surfaces subject to temperatures in excess of 50 degrees C 120 degrees F shall be cleaned to bare metal. Where more than one coat of paint is specified, apply the second coat after the preceding coat is thoroughly dry. Lightly sand damaged painting and retouch before applying the succeeding coat. Color of finish coat shall be aluminum or light gray. a. Temperatures Less Than 50 Degrees C 120 Degrees F: Immediately after cleaning, the metal surfaces subject to temperatures less than 50 degrees C 120 degrees F shall receive one coat of pretreatment primer applied to a minimum dry film thickness of 0.0076 mm 0.3 mil, one coat of primer applied to a minimum dry film thickness of 0.0255 mm one mil; and two coats of enamel applied to a minimum dry film thickness of 0.0255 mm one mil per coat. b. Temperatures Between 50 and 205 Degrees C 120 and 400 Degrees F: Metal surfaces subject to temperatures between 50 and 205 degrees C120 and 400 degrees F shall receive two coats of 205 degrees C 400 degrees F heat-resisting enamel applied to a total minimum thickness of 0.05 mm 2 mils. c. Temperatures Greater Than 205 Degrees C 400 Degrees F: Metal surfaces subject to temperatures greater than 205 degrees C 400 degrees F shall receive two coats of 315 degrees C 600 degrees F heat-resisting paint applied to a total minimum dry film thickness of 0.05 mm 2 mils.