USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-23 07 00 (April 2008)
--------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-23 07 00 (January 2008)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 23 07 00
THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
04/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for field applied thermal
insulation on HVAC and plumbing systems located within, on, under, and adjacent
to buildings; above and below ground.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
This guide specification includes tailoring options for Army, pipe insulation,
duct insulation, and equipment insulation. Selection or deselection of a tailoring
option will include or exclude that option in the section, but editing the resulting
section to fit the project is still required.
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: The following information will be shown on project drawings:
1. Areas where pipe insulation differs from the "Typical;"
2. Areas where ductwork is to be internally insulated;
3. Areas where metal jackets or 8-ply vapor barrier jacket are to be used on
interior piping;
4. Pumps to be insulated and encased in 20 gauge boxes; and
5. Heat exchange temperatures.
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only. At the discretion of the Government, the manufacturer
of any material supplied will be required to furnish test reports pertaining to any of the tests necessary to
assure compliance with the standard or standards referenced in this specification.
[AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)ASHRAE 90.1 - IP(2007) Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, I-P EditionASHRAE 90.1 - SI(2004; Addendas a through p, r through v, x,ak 2006; Supp to Addendas 2006; Errata 2007; Interpretations 8 - 15:2007; Errata 2008; INT 16-21 2008; Errata 2008; INT 22-26 2008) Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, SI EditionASHRAE 90.2(2007) Energy Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 167(1999; R 2004) Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripASTM A 240/A 240M(2008) Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General ApplicationsASTM A 580/A 580M(2008) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel WireASTM B 209(2007) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateASTM B 209M(2007) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)ASTM C 1126(2004) Standard Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal InsulationASTM C 1136(2008) Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationASTM C 1290(2006e1) Standard Specification for Flexible Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation Used to Externally Insulate HVAC DuctsASTM C 1427(2007) Specification for Preformed Flexible Cellular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular FormASTM C 195(2000) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating CementASTM C 449(2007) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing CementASTM C 533(2007) Standard Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and Pipe Thermal InsulationASTM C 534/C 534M(2008) Standard Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular FormASTM C 547(2008e1) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe InsulationASTM C 552(2007) Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal InsulationASTM C 553(2008) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial ApplicationsASTM C 591(2008) Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationASTM C 592(2008a) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)ASTM C 610(2007) Standard Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal InsulationASTM C 612(2004e1) Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal InsulationASTM C 647(2008) Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal InsulationASTM C 665(2006) Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured HousingASTM C 795(2008) Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless SteelASTM C 916(1985; R 2007) Standard Specification for Adhesives for Duct Thermal InsulationASTM C 920(2008) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsASTM C 921(2003a) Standard Practice for Determining the Properties of Jacketing Materials for Thermal InsulationASTM D 774/D 774M(1997; R 2007) Bursting Strength of PaperASTM D 882(2002) Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingASTM E 2231(2007a) Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsASTM E 84(2008a) Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsASTM E 96/E 96M(2005) Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials][MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS)MSS SP-69(2003; R 2004) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and Application][MIDWEST INSULATION CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION (MICA)MICA Insulation Stds(1999) National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards][NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 255(2005; Errata 2006) Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsNFPA 96(2007) Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations][U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)MIL-A-3316(Rev C; Am 2) Adhesives, Fire-Resistant, Thermal Insulation][UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)UL 723(2008) Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials]1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
NOTE: This guide specification is to be used for field applied insulation on
mechanical systems; interior and exterior, above and below ground. Insulation
for energy distribution systems covered by Sections 33 61 13 PRE-ENGINEERED
UNDERGROUND HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, 33 61 15 HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN
CONCRETE TRENCHES, 33 61 00 PREFABRICATED UNDERGROUND HEATING/COOLING DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM, and 33 60 02 ABOVEGROUND HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, are not within the
scope of this guide specification. Heating, air conditioning, and evaporative
cooling duct; equipment; and piping are included.
Pipe insulation covered in this specification is valid for between minus 34
and plus 204 degrees C (minus 30 and plus 400 degrees F). Equipment insulation
covered in this specification is valid for between minus 34 and plus 982 degrees
C (minus 30 and plus 1800 degrees F).
1.2.1 General
Provide field-applied insulation and accessories on mechanical systems as specified herein; factory-applied insulation
is specified under the piping, duct or equipment to be insulated. Insulation of heat distribution systems and
chilled water systems outside of buildings shall be as specified in Section 33 61 13 PRE-ENGINEERED UNDERGROUND
HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, Section 33 61 15 HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN CONCRETE TRENCHES, Section 33 60 02ABOVEGROUND
HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, and Section 33 61 00 PREFABRICATED UNDERGROUND HEATING/COOLING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
Field applied insulation materials required for use on Government-furnished items as listed in the SPECIAL CONTRACT
REQUIREMENTS shall be furnished and installed by the Contractor.
1.2.2 Surface Burning Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, insulation shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed
index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Flame spread, and smoke developed indexes, shall be determined
by ASTM E 84, NFPA 255 or UL 723. Insulation shall be tested in the same density and installed thickness as
the material to be used in the actual construction. Test specimens shall be prepared and mounted according to
ASTM E 2231. Insulation materials located exterior to the building perimeter are not required to be fire rated.
1.2.3 Recycled Materials
Provide thermal insulation containing recycled materials to the extent practicable, provided that the materials
meets all other requirements of this section. The minimum recycled material content of the following insulation
are:
Rock Wool - 75 percent slag of weight
Fiberglass - 20-25 percent glass cullet by weight
Rigid Foam - 9 percent recovered material
1.3 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
In SD-04, Designer will exclude ductwork insulation display samples for small,
simple projects where the extent of duct insulation is not likely to cause a
problem of enforcement with the requirements of the specification.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
Submit the three SD types, SD-02 Shop Drawings, SD-03 Product Data, and SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions at
the same time for each system.
SD-02 Shop Drawings
NOTE: For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects, delete the requirement for this SD-02
Shop Drawing Submittal.
MICA Plates[; G][; G, [_____]]
Pipe Insulation Systems and Associated Accessories
Duct Insulation Systems and Associated Accessories
Equipment Insulation Systems and Associated Accessories
A booklet containing completed MICA Insulation Stds plates detailing each insulating system
for each pipe, duct, or equipment insulating system, after approval of materials and prior to
applying insulation.
a. The MICA plates shall detail the materials to be installed and the specific insulation application.
Submit all MICA plates required showing the entire insulating system, including plates required
to show insulation penetrations, vessel bottom and top heads, legs, and skirt insulation as
applicable. The MICA plates shall present all variations of insulation systems including locations,
materials, vaporproofing, jackets and insulation accessories.
b. If the Contractor elects to submit detailed drawings instead of edited MICA Plates, the
detail drawings shall be technically equivalent to the edited MICA Plate submittal.
SD-03 Product Data
Pipe Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
Duct Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
Equipment Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
A complete list of materials, including manufacturer's descriptive technical literature, performance
data, catalog cuts, and installation instructions. The product number, k-value, thickness and
furnished accessories including adhesives, sealants and jackets for each mechanical system requiring
insulation shall be included. The product data must be copywrited, have an identifying or publication
number, and shall have been published prior to the issuance date of this solicitation. Materials
furnished under this section of the specification shall be submitted together in a booklet and
in conjunction with the MICA plates booklet (SD-02). Annotate the product data to indicate
which MICA plate is applicable.
SD-04 Samples
Thermal Insulation[; G][; G, [_____]]
After approval of materials, actual sections of installed systems, properly insulated in accordance
with the specification requirements, shall be displayed. Such actual sections must remain accessible
to inspection throughout the job and will be reviewed from time to time for controlling the
quality of the work throughout the construction site. Each material used shall be identified,
by indicating on an attached sheet the specification requirement for the material and the material
by each manufacturer intended to meet the requirement. The Contracting Officer will inspect
display sample sections at the jobsite. Approved display sample sections shall remain on display
at the jobsite during the construction period. Upon completion of construction, the display
sample sections will be closed and sealed.
Pipe Insulation Display Sections: Display sample sections shall include as a minimum an elbow
or tee, a valve, dielectric waterways and flanges, a hanger with protection shield and insulation
insert, or dowel as required, at support point, method of fastening and sealing insulation at
longitudinal lap, circumferential lap, butt joints at fittings and on pipe runs, and terminating
points for each type of pipe insulation used on the job, and for hot pipelines and cold pipelines,
both interior and exterior, even when the same type of insulation is used for these services.
Duct Insulation Display Sections: Display sample sections for rigid and flexible duct insulation
used on the job. A temporary covering shall be used to enclose and protect display sections
for duct insulation exposed to weather.
SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions
Pipe Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
Duct Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
Equipment Insulation Systems[; G][; G, [_____]]
Submit a booklet containing manufacturer's published installation instructions for the insulation
systems in coordination with the submitted MICA Insulation Stds plates booklet. Annotate their
installation instructions to indicate which product data and which MICA plate are applicable
. The instructions must be copywrited, have an identifying or publication number, and shall
have been published prior to the issuance date of this solicitation.
1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Qualified installers shall have successfully completed three or more similar type jobs within the last 5 years.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Materials shall be delivered in the manufacturer's unopened containers. Materials delivered and placed in storage
shall be provided with protection from weather, humidity, dirt, dust and other contaminants. The Contracting
Officer may reject insulation material and supplies that become dirty, dusty, wet, or contaminated by some other
means. Packages or standard containers of insulation, jacket material, cements, adhesives, and coatings delivered
for use, and samples required for approval shall have manufacturer's stamp or label attached giving the name
of the manufacturer and brand, and a description of the material. Insulation packages and containers shall be
asbestos free.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 STANDARD PRODUCTS
Provide materials which are the standard products of manufacturers regularly engaged in the manufacture of such
products and that essentially duplicate items that have been in satisfactory use for at least 2 years prior to
bid opening. Provide insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA National Insulation Standards plates
as supplemented by this specification. Provide field-applied insulation for heating, ventilating, and cooling
(HVAC) air distribution systems and piping systems which are located within, on, under, and adjacent to buildings;
and for plumbing systems.
2.2 MATERIALS
NOTE: Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are not inclusive of systems requiring insulation.
Edit, modify, and add to the information contained in tables as required for
your project requiring insulation. These tables shall become a part of project
specification.
For cryogenic equipment handling media between minus 34 and minus 18 degrees
C (30 and minus one degree F), use elastomeric closed cell, cellular glass or
faced rigid cellular phenolic insulation.
Table 7 is primarily used for personnel safety where stacks or pipes are within
reach, or if stacks or pipes run through conditioned spaces where heat losses
may increase building energy usage.
ASHRAE 90.2 is for low-rise building. ASHRAE 90.1 is for high-rise building.
Low-rise building has one or two stories without elevators. High-rise building
has multistory with elevators.
Provide insulation that meets or exceed the requirements of [ASHRAE 90.1 - SIASHRAE 90.1 - IP][ASHRAE 90.2].
Insulation exterior shall be cleanable, grease resistant, non-flaking and non-peeling. Materials shall be compatible
and shall not contribute to corrosion, soften, or otherwise attack surfaces to which applied in either wet or
dry state. Materials to be used on stainless steel surfaces shall meet ASTM C 795 requirements. Materials shall
be asbestos free and conform to the following:
2.2.1 Adhesives
2.2.1.1 Acoustical Lining Insulation Adhesive
Adhesive shall be a nonflammable, fire-resistant adhesive conforming to ASTM C 916, Type I.
2.2.1.2 Mineral Fiber Insulation Cement
Cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C 195.
2.2.1.3 Lagging Adhesive
Lagging is the material used for thermal insulation, especially around a cylindrical object. This may include
the insulation as well as the cloth/material covering the insulation. Lagging adhesives shall be nonflammable
and fire-resistant and shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Adhesive shall be MIL-A-3316, Class 1, pigmented [white] [red] and
be suitable for bonding fibrous glass cloth to faced and unfaced fibrous glass insulation board; for bonding
cotton brattice cloth to faced and unfaced fibrous glass insulation board; for sealing edges of and bonding glass
tape to joints of fibrous glass board; for bonding lagging cloth to thermal insulation; or Class 2 for attaching
fibrous glass insulation to metal surfaces. Lagging adhesives shall be applied in strict accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations for pipe and duct insulation.
2.2.2 Contact Adhesive
Adhesives may be any of, but not limited to, the neoprene based, rubber based, or elastomeric type that have
a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84
. The adhesive shall not adversely affect, initially or in service, the insulation to which it is applied, nor
shall it cause any corrosive effect on metal to which it is applied. Any solvent dispersing medium or volatile
component of the adhesive shall have no objectionable odor and shall not contain any benzene or carbon tetrachloride.
The dried adhesive shall not emit nauseous, irritating, or toxic volatile matters or aerosols when the adhesive
is heated to any temperature up to 100 degrees C 212 degrees F. The dried adhesive shall be nonflammable and
fire resistant. Natural cross-ventilation, local (mechanical) pickup, and/or general area (mechanical) ventilation
shall be used to prevent an accumulation of solvent vapors, keeping in mind the ventilation pattern must remove
any heavier-than-air solvent vapors from lower levels of the workspaces. Gloves and spectacle-type safety glasses
are recommended in accordance with safe installation practices.
2.2.3 Caulking
ASTM C 920, Type S, Grade NS, Class 25, Use A.
2.2.4 Corner Angles
Nominal 0.406 mm 0.016 inch aluminum 25 by 25 mm 1 by 1 inch with factory applied kraft backing. Aluminum shall
be ASTM B 209M ASTM B 209, Alloy 3003, 3105, or 5005.
2.2.5 Finishing Cement
ASTM C 449: Mineral fiber hydraulic-setting thermal insulating and finishing cement. All cements that may come
in contact with Austenitic stainless steel must comply with ASTM C 795.
2.2.6 Fibrous Glass Cloth and Glass Tape
Fibrous glass cloth, with 20X20 maximum mesh size, and glass tape shall have maximum flame spread index of 25
and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. Tape shall be 100 mm 4 inch
wide rolls. Class 3 tape shall be 0.15 kg/square m 4.5 ounces/square yard.
2.2.7 Staples
NOTE: Monel is a nickel rich alloy that has high strength, high ductility,
and excellent resistance to corrosion.
Outward clinching type [monel] [ASTM A 167, Type 304 or 316 stainless steel].
2.2.8 Jackets
NOTE: The purpose of jacketing insulated pipes and vessels is to protect the
vapor retarder system and the insulation. Protective jacketing is designed
to be installed over the vapor retarder/vapor barrier and insulation to prevent
weather and abrasion damage. The protective jacketing must be installed independently
and in addition to any factory or field applied vapor retarder.
2.2.8.1 Aluminum Jackets
Aluminum jackets shall be corrugated, embossed or smooth sheet, 0.406 mm 0.016 inch nominal thickness; ASTM B 209M
ASTM B 209, Temper H14, Temper H16, Alloy 3003, 5005, or 3105. Corrugated aluminum jacket shall not be used
outdoors. Aluminum jacket securing bands shall be Type 304 stainless steel, 0.396 mm 0.015 inch thick, 13 mm
1/2 inch wide for pipe under 300 mm 12 inch diameter and 19 mm 3/4 inch wide for pipe over 300 mm 12 inch and
larger diameter. Aluminum jacket circumferential seam bands shall be 50.8 by 0.406 mm 2 by 0.016 inch aluminum
matching jacket material. Bands for insulation below ground shall be 19 by 0.508 mm 3/4 by 0.020 inch thick
stainless steel, or fiberglass reinforced tape. The jacket may, at the option of the Contractor, be provided
with a factory fabricated Pittsburgh or "Z" type longitudinal joint. When the "Z" joint is used, the bands at
the circumferential joints shall be designed by the manufacturer to seal the joints and hold the jacket in place.
2.2.8.2 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Jackets
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jacket and fitting covers shall have high impact strength, UV resistant rating or treatment
and moderate chemical resistance with minimum thickness 0.762 mm 0.030 inch.
2.2.8.3 Vapor Barrier/Weatherproofing Jacket
NOTE: Do not provide this material on Navy projects. Material greater than
8 ply is to be used for Army projects only.
Vapor barrier/weatherproofing jacket shall be laminated self-adhesive, greater than 3 plys standard grade, silver,
white, black and embossed or greater than 8 ply (minimum 0.072 mm 2.9 mils adhesive); with 0.0000 permeability
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 96/E 96M; heavy duty, white or natural; and UV resistant.
2.2.9 Vapor Retarder Required
NOTE: The functions of a vapor retarder/vapor barrier are to keep out water,
water vapor, and to prevent water vapor infiltration, in order to keep the insulation
dry. Type I is a vapor barrier for use over insulation on pipes, ducts, or
equipment operating at temperatures below ambient at least part of the time
or wherever a vapor barrier is required. Type II vapor retarder is water vapor
permeable and for use over pipes, ducts, or equipment operating above ambient
temperatures or wherever a vapor barrier is not required.
ASTM C 921, Type I, minimum puncture resistance 50 Beach units on all surfaces except concealed ductwork, where
a minimum puncture resistance of 25 Beach units is acceptable. Minimum tensile strength, 6.1 N/mm 35 pounds/inch
width. ASTM C 921, Type II, minimum puncture resistance 25 Beach units, tensile strength minimum 3.5 N/mm 20
pounds/inch width. Jackets used on insulation exposed in finished areas shall have white finish suitable for
painting without sizing. Based on the application, insulation materials that require factory applied jackets
are mineral fiber, cellular glass, polyisocyanurate, and phenolic foam. Insulation materials that do not require
jacketing are flexible elastomerics. All non-metallic jackets shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25
and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
2.2.9.1 White Vapor Retarder All Service Jacket (ASJ)
Standard reinforced fire retardant jacket for use on hot/cold pipes, ducts, or equipment. Vapor retarder jackets
used on insulation exposed in finished areas shall have white finish suitable for painting without sizing.
2.2.9.2 Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier Mastic Coatings
a. The vapor barrier shall be self adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed)
greater than 3 plys standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed white jacket for use on hot/cold
pipes. Less than 0.02 permeability when tested in accordance with ASTM E 96/E 96M. Meeting UL 723 or
ASTM E 84 flame and smoke requirements; UV resistant.
b. The vapor retarder coating shall be fire and water resistant and appropriately selected for either
outdoor or indoor service. Color shall be white. The water vapor permeance of the compound shall be
determined according to procedure B of ASTM E 96/E 96M utilizing apparatus described in ASTM E 96/E 96M
. The coating shall be a nonflammable, fire resistant type. All other application and service properties
shall be in accordance with ASTM C 647.
2.2.9.3 Laminated Film Vapor Retarder
ASTM C 1136, Type I, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.02 perms, minimum puncture resistance 50 Beach units
on all surfaces except concealed ductwork, where Type II, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.02 perms, a minimum
puncture resistance of 25 Beach units is acceptable. Vapor retarder shall have a maximum flame spread index
of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
2.2.9.4 Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) Film Vapor Retarder
The PVDC film vapor retarder shall have a maximum moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms, minimum puncture
resistance of 150 Beach units, a minimum tensile strength in any direction of 5.3 kN/m 30 lb/inch when tested
in accordance with ASTM D 882, and a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of
50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
2.2.9.5 Polyvinylidene Chloride Vapor Retarder Adhesive Tape
Requirements must meet the same as specified for Laminated Film Vapor Retarder above.
2.2.9.6 Vapor Barrier
The vapor barrier shall be greater than 3 ply self adhesive laminate -white vapor barrier jacket- superior performance
(less than 0.0000 permeability when tested in accordance with ASTM E 96/E 96M). Vapor barrier shall meet UL 723
or ASTM E 84 25 flame and 50 smoke requirements; and UV resistant. Minimum burst strength 1.3 MPa 185 psi in
accordance with ASTM D 774/D 774M. Tensile strength 0.12 kg/m 68 lb/inch width (PSTC-1000). Tape shall be as
specified for laminated film vapor barrier above.
2.2.10 Vapor Retarder Not Required
ASTM C 921, Type II, Class D, minimum puncture resistance 50 Beach units on all surfaces except ductwork, where
Type IV, maximum moisture vapor transmission 0.10, a minimum puncture resistance of 25 Beach units is acceptable.
Jacket shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in
accordance with ASTM E 84.
2.2.11 Wire
Soft annealed ASTM A 580/A 580M Type 302, 304 or 316 stainless steel, 16 or 18 gauge.
2.2.12 Insulation Bands
Insulation bands shall be 13 mm 1/2 inch wide; 26 gauge stainless steel.
2.2.13 Sealants
Sealants shall be chosen from the butyl polymer type, the styrene-butadiene rubber type, or the butyl type of
sealants. Sealants shall have a maximum moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms, and a maximum flame spread
index of 25 and a maximum smoke developed index of 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
2.3 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS
NOTE: Where the temperature of cold water entering a building is below the
average dew point of the indoor ambient air, and where condensate drip will
cause damage or create a hazard, the piping should be insulated to prevent condensation
and a vapor barrier added per manufacturer's recommendations, if needed, whether
piping is above or below ceilings.
Cellular glass and faced rigid cellular phenolic foam are very suitable for
chilled water applications. Minimum thickness recommended for cellular glass
insulation is 40 mm (1.5 inches). The reason is that the breakage rate during
shipment of 25 mm (one inch) thick cellular insulation is too high to be economical.
For faced rigid cellular phenolic insulation, recommended minimum thickness
is 25 mm (one inch).
For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects, delete the option of 13 mm (1/2 inch) from line
4 of the following paragraph.
Insulation materials shall conform to Table 1. Insulation thickness shall be as listed in Table 2 and meet or
exceed the requirements of [ASHRAE 90.1 - SIASHRAE 90.1 - IP][ASHRAE 90.2]. Insulation thickness shall be [13][25][
]mm[1/2][1][__]inch. Comply with EPA requirements in accordance with Section 01 62 35 RECYCLED / RECOVERED MATERIALS.
Pipe insulation materials shall be limited to those listed herein and shall meet the following requirements:
2.3.1 Aboveground Cold Pipeline (-34 to 16 deg. C -30 to 60 deg. F)
NOTE: When it is necessary to insulate existing cold water systems or systems
that must remain in operation, the Designer may consider using a mineral fiber
insulation that meets ASTM C 547, with an integral wicking material designed
to remove condensed water. Follow manufacturer's recommendations for installation.
Insulation for outdoor, indoor, exposed or concealed applications, shall be as follows:
a. Cellular Glass: ASTM C 552, Type II, and Type III. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended
factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.
b. Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 534/C 534M, Grade 1, Type I or II. Type II shall
have vapor retarder/vapor barrier skin on one or both sides of the insulation. Insulation with pre-applied
adhesive shall not be used.
c. Phenolic Insulation: ASTM C 1126, Type III. Phenolic insulations shall comply with ASTM C 795 and
with the ASTM C 665 paragraph Corrosiveness. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied
jacket/vapor barrier.
d. Polyisocyanurate Insulation: ASTM C 591, type I. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended
factory-applied vapor retarder/vapor barrier. Insulation with pre-applied adhesive shall not be used.
e. Flexible Polyolefin Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 1427, Grade 1 Type I or II.
f. Mineral Fiber Insulation with Integral Wicking Material (MFIWM): ASTM C 547. Install in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions.
2.3.2 Aboveground Hot Pipeline (Above 16 deg. C 60 deg. F)
Insulation for outdoor, indoor, exposed or concealed applications shall meet the following requirements. Supply
the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.
a. Mineral Fiber: ASTM C 547, Types I, II or III, supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended
factory-applied jacket.
b. Calcium Silicate: ASTM C 533, Type I indoor only, or outdoors above 121 degrees C 250 degrees F
pipe temperature. Supply insulation with the manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor
barrier.
c. Cellular Glass: ASTM C 552, Type II and Type III. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended
factory-applied jacket.
d. Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 534/C 534M, Grade 1, Type I or II to 93 degrees
C 200 degrees F service.
e. Phenolic Insulation: ASTM C 1126 Type III to 121 degrees C 250 degrees F service shall comply with
ASTM C 795. Supply the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory-applied jacket/vapor barrier.
f. Perlite Insulation: ASTM C 610
g. Polyisocyanurate Insulation: ASTM C 591, Type 1, to 149 degrees C 300 degrees F service. Supply
the insulation with manufacturer's recommended factory applied jacket/vapor barrier.
h. Flexible Polyolefin Cellular Insulation: ASTM C 1427, Grade 1 Type I or II to 93 degrees C 200 degrees
F.
2.3.3 Above Ground Dual Temperature Pipeline
NOTE: The use of multiple layered systems, i.e., a flexible form of insulation,
surrounded by a rigid form and sealed with mastics, sealants and vapor retarders/vapor
barrier, may provide the most advantageous form of insulation system for this
piping configuration. This is due to the pipe expansion and contraction associated
with the change from hot to cold temperatures.
Selection of insulation for use over a dual temperature pipeline system (Outdoors, Indoor - Exposed or Concealed)
shall be in accordance with the most limiting/restrictive case. Find an allowable material from paragraph PIPE
INSULATION MATERIALS and determine the required thickness from the most restrictive case. Use the thickness
listed in paragraphs INSULATION THICKNESS for cold & hot pipe applications.
2.3.4 Below-ground Pipeline Insulation
For below-ground pipeline insulation the following requirements shall be met.
2.3.4.1 Cellular Glass
ASTM C 552, type II.
2.3.4.2 Polyisocyanurate
ASTM C 591, Type 1, to 149 degrees C 300 degrees F.
2.4 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS
NOTE: For NORTHNAVFACENGCOM projects, delete option of the following paragraph.
2.4.1 Duct Insulation
Provide factory-applied [cellular glass polyisocyanurate or phenolic foam][elastomeric insulation. Provide factory
applied elastomeric closed cell or phenolic foam insulation according to manufacturer's recommendations for]
insulation with insulation manufacturer's standard reinforced fire-retardant vapor barrier [, with identification
of installed thermal resistance (R) value and out-of-package R value.]
2.4.1.1 Rigid Insulation
Rigid mineral fiber in accordance with ASTM C 612, Class 2 (maximum surface temperature 204 degrees C 400 degrees
F), 48 kg/m3 3 pcf average, 38 mm 1-1/2 inch thick, Type IA, IB, II, III, and IV. [Alternately, minimum thickness
may be calculated in accordance with [ASHRAE 90.2][ASHRAE 90.1 - SIASHRAE 90.1 - IP].]
2.4.1.2 Blanket Insulation
NOTE: For NORTHNAVFACENGCOM, delete this paragraph.
Blanket flexible mineral fiber insulation conforming to ASTM C 553, Type 1, Class B-3, 12 kg/m3 3/4 pcf nominal,
50 mm 2.0 inches thick or Type II up to 121 degrees C 250 degrees F. Also ASTM C 1290 Type III may be used.
[Alternately, minimum thickness may be calculated in accordance with [ASHRAE 90.2][ASHRAE 90.1 - SIASHRAE 90.1 - IP
].]
2.4.2 Kitchen Exhaust Ductwork Insulation
NOTE: If kitchen exhaust hood has outside air connection to cold outdoor, provide
vapor barrier for outside air connection to prevent dissolution of calcium silicate.
Minimum insulation thickness of 50 mm 2 inches, blocks or boards, either mineral fiber conforming to ASTM C 612
, Class 5, 320 kg/m3 20 pcf average [or calcium silicate conforming to ASTM C 533, Type II. Provide vapor barrier
for outside air connection to kitchen exhaust hood].
2.4.3 Acoustical Duct Lining
For ductwork indicated or specified in Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
to be acoustically lined, provide external insulation in accordance with this specification section and in addition
to the acoustical duct lining.
2.4.4 Duct Insulation Jackets
2.4.4.1 All-Purpose Jacket
Provide insulation with insulation manufacturer's standard reinforced fire-retardant jacket with or without integral
vapor barrier as required by the service. In exposed locations, provide jacket with a white surface suitable
for field painting.
2.4.4.2 Metal Jackets
a. Aluminum Jackets: ASTM B 209M ASTM B 209, Temper H14, minimum thickness of 27 gauge (0.41 mm 0.016
inch), with factory-applied polyethylene and kraft paper moisture barrier on inside surface. Provide
smooth surface jackets for jacket outside dimension 200 mm 8 inches and larger. Provide corrugated surface
jackets for jacket outside dimension 200 mm 8 inches and larger. Provide stainless steel bands, minimum
width of 13 mm 1/2 inch.
b. Stainless Steel Jackets: ASTM A 167 or ASTM A 240/A 240M; Type 304, minimum thickness of 33 gauge
(0.25 mm 0.010 inch), smooth surface with factory-applied polyethylene and kraft paper moisture barrier
on inside surface. Provide stainless steel bands, minimum width of 13 mm 1/2 inch.
2.4.4.3 Vapor Barrier/Weatherproofing Jacket
Vapor barrier/weatherproofing jacket shall be laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075
mm 3 mils embossed) less than 0.0000 permeability, (greater than 3 ply, standard grade, silver, white, black
and embossed or greater than 8 ply (minimum 0.072 mm 2.9 mils adhesive), heavy duty white or natural).
2.4.5 Weatherproof Duct Insulation
Provide [ASTM C 591 Type I, polyurethane or polyisocyanate board insulation, minimum density of 27 kg/m3 1.7
pcf] [ASTM C 552, cellular glass thermal insulation] [ASTM C 534/C 534M Grade 1, Type II, flexible cellular insulation],
and weatherproofing as specified in manufacturer's instruction.
2.5 EQUIPMENT INSULATION SYSTEMS
Insulate equipment and accessories as specified in Tables 4 and 5. In outside locations, provide insulation
13 mm 1/2 inch thicker than specified. Increase the specified insulation thickness for equipment where necessary
to equal the thickness of angles or other structural members to make a smooth, exterior surface.
PART 3 EXECUTION
NOTE: Project specifications will contain only the specific pipe or duct systems
and equipment in a particular project that require insulation. Lists are not
inclusive of systems requiring insulation. Edit, modify, and add to the information
contained in the lists as required.
3.1 APPLICATION - GENERAL
Insulation shall only be applied to unheated and uncooled piping and equipment. Flexible elastomeric cellular
insulation shall not be compressed at joists, studs, columns, ducts, hangers, etc. The insulation shall not
pull apart after a one hour period; any insulation found to pull apart after one hour, shall be replaced.
3.1.1 Installation
Except as otherwise specified, material shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions.
Insulation materials shall not be applied until [tests] [tests and heat tracing] specified in other sections
of this specification are completed. Material such as rust, scale, dirt and moisture shall be removed from surfaces
to receive insulation. Insulation shall be kept clean and dry. Insulation shall not be removed from its shipping
containers until the day it is ready to use and shall be returned to like containers or equally protected from
dirt and moisture at the end of each workday. Insulation that becomes dirty shall be thoroughly cleaned prior
to use. If insulation becomes wet or if cleaning does not restore the surfaces to like new condition, the insulation
will be rejected, and shall be immediately removed from the jobsite. Joints shall be staggered on multi layer
insulation. Mineral fiber thermal insulating cement shall be mixed with demineralized water when used on stainless
steel surfaces. Insulation, jacketing and accessories shall be installed in accordance with MICA Insulation Stds
plates except where modified herein or on the drawings.
3.1.2 Firestopping
Where pipes and ducts pass through fire walls, fire partitions, above grade floors, and fire rated chase walls,
the penetration shall be sealed with fire stopping materials as specified in Section 07 84 00 FIRESTOPPING.
3.1.3 Painting and Finishing
Painting shall be as specified in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS.
3.1.4 Installation of Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Insulation
Flexible elastomeric cellular insulation shall be installed with seams and joints sealed with rubberized contact
adhesive. Flexible elastomeric cellular insulation shall not be used on surfaces greater than 93 degrees C 200
degrees F. Seams shall be staggered when applying multiple layers of insulation. Insulation exposed to weather
and not shown to have jacketing shall be protected with two coats of UV resistant finish or PVC or metal jacketing
as recommended by the manufacturer after the adhesive is dry and cured. A brush coating of adhesive shall be
applied to both butt ends to be joined and to both slit surfaces to be sealed. The adhesive shall be allowed
to set until dry to touch but tacky under slight pressure before joining the surfaces. Insulation seals at seams
and joints shall not be capable of being pulled apart one hour after application. Insulation that can be pulled
apart one hour after installation shall be replaced.
3.1.5 Welding
No welding shall be done on piping, duct or equipment without written approval of the Contracting Officer. The
capacitor discharge welding process may be used for securing metal fasteners to duct.
3.1.6 Pipes/Ducts/Equipment which Require Insulation
Insulation is required on all pipes, ducts, or equipment, except for omitted items, as specified.
3.2 PIPE INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
Install pipe insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA Insulation Stds plates as supplemented by
the manufacturer's published installation instructions.
3.2.1 Pipe Insulation
3.2.1.1 General
NOTE: Insulation may be omitted on heating piping in heated spaces, and on
domestic cold water piping and interior roof drains where condensation and freezing
are not problems and where hot piping is not hazardous to the occupants. However,
the designer must maintain environmental control under heating and cooling conditions,
meet the energy budget, not allow condensate formation and not allow freezing.
Pipe insulation shall be installed on aboveground hot and cold pipeline systems as specified below to form a
continuous thermal retarder/barrier, including straight runs, fittings and appurtenances unless specified otherwise.
Installation shall be with full length units of insulation and using a single cut piece to complete a run. Cut
pieces or scraps abutting each other shall not be used. Pipe insulation shall be omitted on the following:
a. Pipe used solely for fire protection.
b. Chromium plated pipe to plumbing fixtures. However, fixtures for use by the physically handicapped
shall have the hot water supply and drain, including the trap, insulated where exposed.
c. Sanitary drain lines.
d. Air chambers.
e. Adjacent insulation.
f. ASME stamps.
g. Access plates of fan housings.
h. Cleanouts or handholes.
3.2.1.2 Pipes Passing Through Walls, Roofs, and Floors
NOTE: Exterior wall and roof penetration details will be shown on the drawings.
See Section 22 00 00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE for additional information.
a. Pipe insulation shall be continuous through the sleeve.
b. An aluminum jacket or vapor barrier/weatherproofing - self adhesive jacket (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils
adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) less than 0.0000 permeability, greater than 3 ply standard grade,
silver, white, black and embossed with factory applied moisture retarder shall be provided over the insulation
wherever penetrations require sealing.
c. Where pipes penetrate interior walls, the aluminum jacket or vapor barrier/weatherproofing - self
adhesive jacket (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) less than 0.0000 permeability,
greater than 3 plys standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed shall extend 50 mm 2 inches beyond
either side of the wall and shall be secured on each end with a band.
d. Where penetrating floors, the aluminum jacket shall extend from a point below the backup material
to a point 250 mm 10 inches above the floor with one band at the floor and one not more than 25 mm 1
inch from the end of the aluminum jacket.
e. Where penetrating waterproofed floors, the aluminum jacket shall extend from below the backup material
to a point 50 mm 2 inches above the flashing with a band 25 mm 1 inch from the end of the aluminum jacket.
f. Where penetrating exterior walls, the aluminum jacket required for pipe exposed to weather shall
continue through the sleeve to a point 50 mm 2 inches beyond the interior surface of the wall.
g. Where penetrating roofs, pipe shall be insulated as required for interior service to a point flush
with the top of the flashing and sealed with vapor retarder coating. The insulation for exterior application
shall butt tightly to the top of flashing and interior insulation. The exterior aluminum jacket shall
extend 50 mm 2 inches down beyond the end of the insulation to form a counter flashing. The flashing
and counter flashing shall be sealed underneath with caulking.
h. For hot water pipes supplying lavatories or other similar heated service that requires insulation,
the insulation shall be terminated on the backside of the finished wall. The insulation termination
shall be protected with two coats of vapor barrier coating with a minimum total thickness of 2.0 mm 1/16
inch applied with glass tape embedded between coats (if applicable). The coating shall extend out onto
the insulation 50 mm 2 inches and shall seal the end of the insulation. Glass tape seams shall overlap
25 mm 1 inch. The annular space between the pipe and wall penetration shall be caulked with approved
fire stop material. The pipe and wall penetration shall be covered with a properly sized (well fitting)
escutcheon plate. The escutcheon plate shall overlap the wall penetration at least 10 mm 3/8 inches.
i. For domestic cold water pipes supplying lavatories or other similar cooling service that requires
insulation, the insulation shall be terminated on the finished side of the wall (i.e., insulation must
cover the pipe throughout the wall penetration). The insulation shall be protected with two coats of
vapor barrier coating with a minimum total thickness of 2 mm 1/16 inch. The coating shall extend out
onto the insulation 50 mm 2 inches and shall seal the end of the insulation. The annular space between
the outer surface of the pipe insulation and the wall penetration shall be caulked with an approved fire
stop material having vapor retarder properties. The pipe and wall penetration shall be covered with
a properly sized (well fitting) escutcheon plate. The escutcheon plate shall overlap the wall penetration
by at least 10 mm 3/8 inches.
3.2.1.3 Pipes Passing Through Hangers
a. Insulation, whether hot or cold application, shall be continuous through hangers. All horizontal
pipes 50 mm 2 inches and smaller shall be supported on hangers with the addition of a Type 40 protection
shield to protect the insulation in accordance with MSS SP-69. Whenever insulation shows signs of being
compressed, or when the insulation or jacket shows visible signs of distortion at or near the support
shield, insulation inserts as specified below for piping larger than 50 mm 2 inches shall be installed,
or factory insulated hangers (designed with a load bearing core) can be used.
b. Horizontal pipes larger than 50 mm 2 inches at 16 degrees C 60 degrees F and above shall be supported
on hangers in accordance with MSS SP-69, and Section 22 00 00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE.
c. Horizontal pipes larger than 50 mm 2 inches and below 16 degrees C 60 degrees F shall be supported
on hangers with the addition of a Type 40 protection shield in accordance with MSS SP-69. An insulation
insert of cellular glass, calcium silicate (or perlite above 27 degrees C 80 degrees F), or the necessary
strength polyisocyanurate shall be installed above each shield. The insert shall cover not less than
the bottom 180-degree arc of the pipe. Inserts shall be the same thickness as the insulation, and shall
extend 50 mm 2 inches on each end beyond the protection shield. When insulation inserts are required
in accordance with the above, and the insulation thickness is less than 25 mm 1 inch, wooden or cork
dowels or blocks may be installed between the pipe and the shield to prevent the weight of the pipe from
crushing the insulation, as an option to installing insulation inserts. The insulation jacket shall
be continuous over the wooden dowel, wooden block, or insulation insert.
d. Vertical pipes shall be supported with either Type 8 or Type 42 riser clamps with the addition of
two Type 40 protection shields in accordance with MSS SP-69 covering the 360-degree arc of the insulation.
An insulation insert of cellular glass or calcium silicate shall be installed between each shield and
the pipe. The insert shall cover the 360-degree arc of the pipe. Inserts shall be the same thickness
as the insulation, and shall extend 50 mm 2 inches on each end beyond the protection shield. When insulation
inserts are required in accordance with the above, and the insulation thickness is less than 25 mm 1
inch, wooden or cork dowels or blocks may be installed between the pipe and the shield to prevent the
hanger from crushing the insulation, as an option instead of installing insulation inserts. The insulation
jacket shall be continuous over the wooden dowel, wooden block, or insulation insert. The vertical weight
of the pipe shall be supported with hangers located in a horizontal section of the pipe. When the pipe
riser is longer than 9 m 30 feet, the weight of the pipe shall be additionally supported with hangers
in the vertical run of the pipe that are directly clamped to the pipe, penetrating the pipe insulation.
These hangers shall be insulated and the insulation jacket sealed as indicated herein for anchors in
a similar service.
e. Inserts shall be covered with a jacket material of the same appearance and quality as the adjoining
pipe insulation jacket, shall overlap the adjoining pipe jacket 38 mm 1-1/2 inches, and shall be sealed
as required for the pipe jacket. The jacket material used to cover inserts in flexible elastomeric cellular
insulation shall conform to ASTM C 1136, Type 1, and is allowed to be of a different material than the
adjoining insulation material.
3.2.1.4 Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Pipe Insulation
Flexible elastomeric cellular pipe insulation shall be tubular form for pipe sizes 150 mm 6 inches and less.
Grade 1, Type II sheet insulation used on pipes larger than 150 mm 6 inches shall not be stretched around the
pipe. On pipes larger than 300 mm 12 inches, the insulation shall be adhered directly to the pipe on the lower
1/3 of the pipe. Seams shall be staggered when applying multiple layers of insulation. Sweat fittings shall
be insulated with miter-cut pieces the same size as on adjacent piping. Screwed fittings shall be insulated
with sleeved fitting covers fabricated from miter-cut pieces and shall be overlapped and sealed to the adjacent
pipe insulation.
3.2.1.5 Pipes in high abuse areas.
NOTE: In high abuse areas such as janitor closets and traffic areas in equipment
rooms and kitchens, aluminum jackets will be shown. Normally, pipe insulation
to the 1.8 m (6 feet) level will be protected in high abuse areas. The designer
will specifically indicate the high abuse areas.
In high abuse areas such as janitor closets and traffic areas in equipment rooms, kitchens, and mechanical rooms,
[welded PVC] [stainless steel], aluminum or flexible laminate cladding (comprised of elastomeric, plastic or
metal foil laminate) laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) vapor
barrier/weatherproofing jacket, - less than 0.0000 permeability; (greater than 3 ply, standard grade, silver,
white, black and embossed) [aluminum] jackets shall be utilized. Pipe insulation to the 1.8 m 6 foot level shall
be protected. [Other areas that specifically require protection to the 1.8 m 6 foot level are [_____].]
3.2.1.6 Pipe Insulation Material and Thickness
NOTE: Where the temperature of cold water entering a building is below average
dew point of the indoor ambient air and where condensate drip will cause damage
or create a hazard, insulate piping with vapor barrier to prevent condensation,
regardless to whether piping is above or below ceilings.
Cellular glass and faced rigid cellular phenolic foam are very suitable for
chilled water applications. Minimum thickness recommended for cellular glass
insulation is 40 mm (1.5 inches). The reason is that the breakage rate during
shipment of 25 mm (one inch) thick cellular insulation is too high to be economical.
For faced rigid cellular phenolic foam, recommended minimum thickness is 25
mm (one inch).
For cryogenic equipment handling media between minus 34 and minus 18 degrees
C (30 and minus one degree F), use cellular glass or faced rigid cellular phenolic
foam insulation.
In Tables 1 and 3, state if a vapor barrier is required. Pipes and equipment
with a temperature below 27 degrees C (80 degrees F) should generally be provided
with a vapor barrier jacket to prevent sweating. However, engineering judgment
should be exercised to determine if a vapor barrier jacket is required.
TABLE 1
Insulation Material For Piping (°C)
___________________________________________________________________________
Service Material Spec. Type Class Vapor Retarder/
Vapor Barrier
Required
___________________________________________________________________________
Chilled Water Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
(Supply & Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Return, Dual Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Temperature Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Piping, 4.44°C Mineral Fiber with ASTM C 547 I Yes
nominal) Wicking Material
___________________________________________________________________________
Heating Hot Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Water Supply & Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Return, Heated Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Oil Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
(Max 121°C) Perlite ASTM C 610 No
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Cold Domestic Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Water Piping, Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Makeup Water & Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Drinking Fount Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Drain Piping Polyofin Clos'cell ASTM C 1427 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Hot Domestic Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Water Supply & Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Recirculating Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Piping, Water Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Defrost Lines Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
(Max 93°C)
___________________________________________________________________________
Refrigerant Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Suction Piping Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 1 Yes
(1.67°C Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
nominal) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Compressed Air Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II No
Discharge, Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Steam and Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Condensate Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Return Perlite ASTM C 610 No
(94 to 121°C) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Exposed Lav'ry Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Drains, Expo'd Polyofin Clos'cell ASTM C 1427 I No
Domestic Water
Piping & Drains
to Areas for
Handicap Personnel
___________________________________________________________________________
Horizontal Roof Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Drain Leaders Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Including Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Underside of Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 III Yes
Roof Drain
Fittings)
___________________________________________________________________________
A/C condensate Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Drain Located Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Inside Bldg. Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Medium Tempera- Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
ture Hot Water, Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Steam and Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 I or II No
Condensate Perlite ASTM C 610 No
(122 to 176°C) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
High Tempera- Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 2 No
ture Hot Water Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
& Steam (177 Perlite ASTM C 610 No
to 371°C) Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 No
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Cryogenics Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Minus 34 to Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Minus 18°C) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Cryogenics Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Minus 18 to Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
1.11°C) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects, delete "Type" and "Class" in its entirety
from Table 1; delete "Flexible Cellular" from material column of Tables 1 and
2 except refrigerant suction piping; and provide vapor barriers for all services.
Delete data from High Temperature Hot Water and Brine Systems.
For SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects, use only cellular glass with vapor barrier for
chilled water piping.
For PACNAVFACENGCOM projects in high humidity (tropical) areas, do not add mineral
fiber on chilled water, refrigerant suction, and other cold piping to Table
1.
TABLE 1
Insulation Material For Piping (°F)
__________________________________________________________________________
Service Material Spec. Type Class Vapor Retarder/
Vapor Barrier
Required
___________________________________________________________________________
Chilled Water Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
(Supply & Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Return, Dual Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Temperature Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Piping, 40°F Mineral Fiber with ASTM C 547 I Yes
nominal)
___________________________________________________________________________
Heating Hot Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Water Supply & Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Return, Heated Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Oil Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
(Max 250°F) Perlite ASTM C 610 No
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Cold Domestic Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Water Piping, Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Makeup Water & Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Drinking Fount Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Drain Piping Polyofin Clos'cell ASTM C 1427 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Hot Domestic Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Water Supply & Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Recirculating Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Piping (Max. Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
200°F) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Refrigerant Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Suction Piping Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 1 Yes
(35°F nominal) Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Compressed Air Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II No
Discharge, Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
Steam and Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Condensate Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Return Perlite ASTM C 610 No
(201 to 250°F) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
Exposed Lav'ry Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Drains, Expo'd Polyofin Clos'cell ASTM C 1427 I No
Domestic Water
Piping & Drains
to Areas for
Handicap Personnel
___________________________________________________________________________
Horizontal Roof Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Drain Leaders Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Including Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Underside of Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 III Yes
Roof Drain
Fittings)
___________________________________________________________________________
A/C condensate Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
Drain Located Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Inside Bldg. Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 II Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Medium Tempera- Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 1 No
ture Hot Water, Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
Steam and Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 I or II No
Condensate Perlite ASTM C 610 No
(251 to 350°F) polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
___________________________________________________________________________
High Tempera- Mineral Fiber ASTM C 547 I 2 No
ture Hot Water Calcium Silicate ASTM C 533 I No
& Steam (351 Perlite ASTM C 610 No
to 700°F) Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 No
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I No
__________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Cryogenics Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Minus 30 Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
to 0°F) Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass ASTM C 552 II 2 No
Cryogenics Flex Elast Cell'r ASTM C 534/C 534M I No
(Zero to 34°F) Faced Phenol Foam ASTM C 1126 III Yes
Polyisocianurate ASTM C 591 I Yes
___________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: Table 2 is not inclusive of systems requiring insulation. Edit, modify,
and add to the information contained in tables as required for the project.
These tables will become a part of the project specifications. Refer to Table
6-4 of ASHRAE 90.2 for Minimum Pipe Insulation.
Where the temperature of cold water entering a building is below average dew
point of the indoor ambient air and where condensate drip will cause damage
or create a hazard, insulate piping with vapor barrier to prevent condensation,
regardless to whether piping is above or below ceilings.
Cellular glass and faced rigid cellular phenolic foam are very suitable for
chilled water applications. Minimum thickness recommended for cellular glass
insulation is 40 mm (1.5 inches). The reason is that the breakage rate during
shipment of 25 mm (one inch) thick cellular insulation is too high to be economical.
For faced rigid cellular phenolic foam, recommended minimum thickness is 25
mm (one inch).
For cryogenic equipment handling media between minus 34 and minus 18 degrees
C (30 and minus one degree F), use cellular glass or faced rigid cellular phenolic
foam insulation.
Economic insulation thickness recommendations (EITR) are based on three factors:
energy, economics, and environment. Design conditions are as follows:
1. Ambient Temperature: 27 degrees C (80 degrees F), Still Air.
2. Jacket Surface Emissivity: 0.2 Metal, 0.9 All Purpose.
3. Surface Temperatures: 29 degrees C (85 degrees F) nominal for service temperatures
under 176 degrees C (350 degrees F); maximum 60 degrees C (140 degrees F) for
high service temperatures at and above 177 degrees C (351 degrees F).
4. Average energy cost of six dollars per 1,055,000 kJ (million Btu's).
EITR is a term used by North America Insulation Manufacturers Association (NAIMA),
Commercial/Industrial Insulation Committee. Current member companies are:
Knauf Fiber Glass, CertainTeed, Manville, Partek North America, Rock Wool Manufacturing,
and Owen Corning Fiberglass. Data of mineral fiber and calcium silicate are
supplied by NAIMA. Data of cellular glass are supplied by Pittsburgh Corning
Corporation. Other data are obtained from manufacturers' published documents.
Insulation thickness calculation was generated by manufacturers. Individual
and precise calculation may be done by using computer programs such as NAIMA
3 E's Insulation Thickness Computer Program. These computer programs shall
comply with ASTM C 680, 1989 "Determination of Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface
Temperatures of Insulated Pipe and Equipment Systems by the Use of a Computer Program".
For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects, when there are two rows of insulation thickness
for calcium silicate and mineral fiber, delete first-row data and use only second-row
data identified with an asterisk. For other EFDs, delete second-row data.
Delete data from High Temperature Water and Brine Systems. For jobs located
at Cherry Point and Camp LeJeune North Carolina, use rigid cellular phenolic
insulation on cold water piping. Provide cellular glass or rigid polyisocyanurate
preformed pipe insulation for chilled water piping and chilled-hot water piping.
For SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects, select first option of "Chilled Water (Supply
& Return) & Dual Temperature Piping, 4 degrees C (39 degrees F) nominal" Service.
For PACNAVFACENGCOM projects in high humidity (tropical) areas, delete use of
mineral fiber on chilled water, refrigerant section, and other cold piping.
TABLE 2
Piping Insulation Thickness (mm and °C)
For flexible cellular foam the thickness should be 13mm instead of 15mm. Economic thickness or prevention of condensation
is the basis of these tables. If prevention of condensation is the criterium, the ambient temperature and relative
humidity must be stated.
___________________________________________________________________________
Tube And Pipe Size (mm)
Service Material <25 25-<40 40-<100 100-<200 >or =
200
___________________________________________________________________________
[Chilled Water Cellular Glass 40 50 50 65 80
(Supply & Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 40 50
Return, & Dual Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 25
Temperature Mineral Fiber with 25 40 40 50 50
Piping) (4.44°C Wicking Material
Nominal)]
[Chilled Water Cellular Glass 40 40 40 40 50
(Supply & Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
Return, & Dual Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 25 40
Temperature Mineral Fiber with 25 40 40 50 50
Piping) (4.44°C Wicking Material
Nominal)]
_________________________________________________________________________
Heating Hot Water Mineral Fiber 40 40 50 50 50
Supply & Return, Calcium Silicate 65 65 80 80 80
Heated Oil (Max. Cellular Glass 50 65 75 80 80
121°C) Perlite 65 65 80 80 80
Polyisocianurate 25 25 40 40 40
___________________________________________________________________________
Cold Domestic Cellular Glass 40 40 40 40 40
Water Piping, Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
Makeup Water, & Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 25 25
Drinking Fountain Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 25
Drain Piping
_________________________________________________________________________
Hot Domestic Mineral Fiber 25 25 25 40 40
Water Supply and Cellular Glass 40 40 40 50 50
Recirculating Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
Piping (Max. 93°C) Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 40
_________________________________________________________________________
Refrigerant Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
Suction Piping Cellular Glass 40 40 40 40 40
(1.67°C nominal) Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 25 25
Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 25
_________________________________________________________________________
Compressed Air Mineral Fiber 40 40 50 50 50
Discharge, 40* 50* 65* 80* 90*
Steam, and Calcium Silicate 65 80 100 100 115
Condensate Return Cellular Glass 50 65 80 80 80
(94 to 121°C) Perlite 65 80 100 100 115
Polyisocianurate 40 40 50 50 50
_________________________________________________________________________
Exposed Lavatory Flex Elas Cell'r 13 13 13 13 15
Drains, Exposed
Domestic Water
Piping & Drains
to Areas for
Handicap Personnel
_________________________________________________________________________
Horizontal Roof Cellular Glass 40 40 40 40 40
Drain Leaders Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
(including Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 25 25
Underside of Roof Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 25
Drain Fitting)
__________________________________________________________________________
A/C condensate Cellular Glass 40 40 40 40 40
Drain Located Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
Inside Bldg. Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 25 25
_________________________________________________________________________
Medium Temp- Mineral Fiber 40 80 80 100 100
erature Hot Water 65* 80* 90*
and Steam Calcium Silicate 65 90 115 115 125
(122 to 176°C) Perlite 65 90 115 115 125
__________________________________________________________________________
High Temperature Mineral Fiber 65 80 80 100 100
Water (177 to Calcium Silicate 100 115 150 150 150
204°C) and Steam Perlite 100 115 150 150 150
(177 to 260°C) Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 25 25
__________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass 65 65 80 80 90
Cryogenics Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 N/A N/A N/A
(Minus 34 to Faced Phenol Foam 40 40 50 50 50
Minus 18°C) Polyisocianurate 40 40 50 50 50
__________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems, Cellular Glass 50 50 50 65 80
Cryogenics Flex Elas Cell'r 25 25 25 N/A N/A
(Minus 18 to Faced Phenol Foam 25 25 25 40 40
1.11°C) Polyisocianurate 25 25 25 40 40
__________________________________________________________________________
NOTE: For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects, when there are two rows of insulation
thickness for calcium silicate and mineral fiber, delete first-row data and
use only second-row data identified with an asterisk. For other EFDs, delete
second-row data. Delete data from High Temperature Water and Brine Systems.
For SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects, select first option of "Chilled Water (Supply
& Return) & Dual Temperature Piping, 4.50 degrees C (40 degrees F) nominal" Service.
For PACNAVFACENGCOM projects in high humidity (tropical) areas, do not add mineral
fiber on chilled water, refrigerant section, and other cold piping to Table
1.
TABLE 2
Piping Insulation Thickness (inch and °F)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Tube And Pipe Size (Inches)
Service Material <1 1- <1.5 1.5- <4 4- <8 >or =
to 8
_______________________________________________________________________________
[Chilled Water Cellular Glass 1.5 2 2 2.5 3
(Supply & Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
Return, & Dual Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1
Temperature Mineral Fiber with 1 1.5 1.5 2 2
Piping) (40°F Wicking Material
Nominal)]
[Chilled Water Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2
(Supply & Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Return, & Dual Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1 1.5
Temperature Mineral Fiber with 1 1.5 1.5 2 2
Piping) (40°F Wicking Material
Nominal)]
___________________________________________________________________________
Heating Hot Water Mineral Fiber 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
Supply & Return, Calcium Silicate 2.5 2.5 3 3 3
Heated Oil (Max. Cellular Glass 2 2 5 3 3 3
250°F) Perlite 2.5 2.5 3 3 3
Polyisocianurate 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.5
___________________________________________________________________________
Cold Domestic Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Water Piping, Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Makeup Water, & Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1 1
Drinking Fountain Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1
Drain Piping
___________________________________________________________________________
Hot Domestic Mineral Fiber 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
Water Supply and Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2
Recirculating Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Piping (Max 200°F) Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1.5
_____________________________________________________________________________
Refrigerant Flex Elas Cell'r 0.5 0.5 1 N/A N/A
Suction Piping Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
(35°F nominal) Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1 1
Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1
_________________________________________________________________________
Compressed Air Mineral Fiber 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
Discharge, 1.5* 2* 2.5* 3* 3.5*
Steam, and Calcium Silicate 2.5 3 4 4 4.5
Condensate Return Cellular Glass 2 2.5 3 3 3
(201°F to 250°F) Perlite 2.5 3 4 4 4.5
Polyisocianurate 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
_____________________________________________________________________________
Exposed Lavatory Flex Elas Cell'r 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Drains, Exposed
Domestic Water
Piping & Drains
to Areas for
Handicap Personnel
___________________________________________________________________________
Horizontal Roof Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Drain Leaders Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 1 1
(including Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1 1
Underside of Roof Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1
Drain Fitting)
_____________________________________________________________________________
A/C condensate Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Drain Located Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 N/A N/A
Inside Bldg. Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1 1
___________________________________________________________________________
Medium Temp- Mineral Fiber 1.5 3 3 4 4
erature Hot Water 2.5* 3.5*
and Steam Calcium Silicate 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 5
(251°F to 350°F) Perlite 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 5
___________________________________________________________________________
High Temperature Mineral Fiber 2.5 3 3 4 4
Water (351o to Calcium Silicate 4 4.5 6 6 6
400°F) and Steam Perlite 4 4.5 6 6 6
(351°F to 500°F) Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1 1
___________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems Cellular Glass 2.5 2.5 3 3 3.5
Cryogenics Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 N/A N/A N/A
(Minus 30 to Faced Phenol Foam 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
Zero°F) Polyisocianurate 1.5 1.5 2 2 2
__________________________________________________________________________
Brine Systems, Cellular Glass 2 2 2 2.5 3
Cryogenics Flex Elas Cell'r 1 1 1 N/A N/A
(Zero to 34°F) Faced Phenol Foam 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
Polyisocianurate 1 1 1 1.5 1.5
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.2.2 Aboveground Cold Pipelines
NOTE: Insulation may be omitted on domestic cold-water piping and interior
roof drains where condensation and freezing are not problems. However, the
designer must maintain conditioned space control under cooling conditions -
meet the energy budget, not allow condensation formation and not allow freezing.
The following cold pipelines for minus 34 to plus 16 degrees C minus 30 to plus 60 degrees F, shall be insulated
in accordance with Table 2 except those piping listed in subparagraph Pipe Insulation in PART 3 as to be omitted.
This includes but is not limited to the following:
a. [Domestic cold and chilled drinking water.]
b. Make-up water.
c. Horizontal and vertical portions of interior roof drains.
d. Refrigerant suction lines.
e. Chilled water.
f. Dual temperature water, i.e. HVAC hot/chilled water.
g. Air conditioner condensate drains.
h. Brine system cryogenics
i. Exposed lavatory drains and domestic water lines serving plumbing fixtures for handicap persons.
3.2.2.1 Insulation Material and Thickness
NOTE: Table 1 is not all inclusive of service insulation requirements. Edit,
modify, and add to the tables as required for your project. Consideration may
be given to increasing or decreasing the thickness of insulation required if,
in the judgment of the designer, the situation warrants. For example, hot water
piping in conditioned spaces may not require the tabulated thickness; or extremely
cold systems in a high humidity climate may require additional insulation.
The designer should take into consideration the dew point temperature of the
area in which the system is to be built. This is separate from the design dry
bulb and design wet bulb temperatures, and should not be confused with the information
provided in UFC 3-400-02. When accounting for the dew point for design of the
insulation thickness, consider using a relative humidity range of 80 to 90 percent
unless you are in unusual circumstances. In very dry environments (Denver)
consider using a relative humidity less than 80 percent, and remember to meet
the requirements of the energy budget. In lower humidity environments, use
the lower end of this range outdoors (80 to 85%). In high humidity environments
use 90 percent. Indoors, where the humidity is to be controlled at 50 percent,
it is more appropriate to design to 70 percent.
ASHRAE 90.1 insulation standards is a reference the designer should use to introduce
a different material, or utilize an existing material type for an application
that is not listed, or is outside the temperature range listed in Table 2.
Table 2 may be modified for regions that meet one of the following conditions
from UFC 3-410-01FA or UFC 3-410-02A. A wet bulb temperature of 19.4 degrees
C (67 degrees F) or higher and the outside design relative humidity is 50 percent
or higher (dew point temperature greater than 16 C (60 F)) for 3,000 hours or
more. A wet bulb temperature of 22.8 degrees C (73 degrees F) or higher and
the outside design relative humidity is 50 percent or higher (dew point temperature
greater than 19 C (67 F)) for 1,500 hours or more. (Outside design relative
humidity based on the 2.5 percent dry bulb and 5.0 percent wet bulb temperatures.)
(Weather data obtained from UFC 3-400-02.)
Further references for recommended thickness includes the Standard Mechanical
Code and manufacturers recommended thickness tables. The refrigerant suction
piping thickness was determined for 35 degrees F service and the chilled water
supply and return and dual temperature piping thickness was determined for 40
degrees F nominal service temperature.
Insulation thickness for cold pipelines shall be determined using Table 2.
3.2.2.2 Factory or Field applied Jacket
NOTE: In high abuse areas such as janitor closets and traffic areas in equipment
rooms and kitchens, aluminum jackets will be shown. Normally, pipe insulation
to the 1.8 m (6 foot) level will be protected in high abuse areas. The designer
will specifically indicate what pipes are to be provided with aluminum jackets.
Insulation shall be covered with a factory applied vapor retarder jacket/vapor barrier or field applied seal
welded PVC jacket or greater than 3 ply laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3
mils embossed) vapor barrier/weatherproofing jacket - less than 0.0000 permeability, standard grade, sliver,
white, black and embossed for use with Mineral Fiber, Cellular Glass, Phenolic Foam, and Polyisocyanurate Foam
Insulated Pipe. Insulation inside the building, to be protected with an aluminum jacket or greater than 3ply
vapor barrier/weatherproofing self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) product,
less than 0.0000 permeability, standard grade, Embossed Silver, White & Black, shall have the insulation
and vapor retarder jacket installed as specified herein. The aluminum jacket or greater than 3ply vapor barrier/weatherproofing
self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) product, less than 0.0000 permeability,
standard grade, embossed silver, White & Black, shall be installed as specified for piping exposed to weather,
except sealing of the laps of the aluminum jacket is not required. In high abuse areas such as janitor closets
and traffic areas in equipment rooms, kitchens, and mechanical rooms, aluminum jackets or greater than 3ply vapor
barrier/weatherproofing self-adhesive (minimum0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) product, less
than 0.0000 permeability, standard grade, embossed silver, white & black, shall be provided for pipe insulation
to the 1.8 m 6 ft level. Other areas that specifically require protection to the 1.8 m 6 ft level are [_____].
3.2.2.3 Installing Insulation for Straight Runs Hot and Cold Pipe
a. Insulation shall be applied to the pipe with joints tightly butted. All butted joints and ends shall
be sealed with joint sealant and sealed with a vapor retarder coating, greater than 3 ply laminate jacket
- less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape or PVDC adhesive tape.
b. Longitudinal laps of the jacket material shall overlap not less than 38 mm 1-1/2 inches. Butt strips
75 mm 3 inches wide shall be provided for circumferential joints.
c. Laps and butt strips shall be secured with adhesive and stapled on 100 mm 4 inch centers if not factory
self-sealing. If staples are used, they shall be sealed in accordance with item "e." below. Note that
staples are not required with cellular glass systems.
d. Factory self-sealing lap systems may be used when the ambient temperature is between 4 and 50 degrees
C 40 and 120 degrees F during installation. The lap system shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations. Stapler shall be used only if specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Where
gaps occur, the section shall be replaced or the gap repaired by applying adhesive under the lap and
then stapling.
e. All Staples, including those used to repair factory self-seal lap systems, shall be coated with a
vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000
perm adhesive tape. All seams, except those on factory self-seal systems shall be coated with vapor
retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm
adhesive tape.
f. Breaks and punctures in the jacket material shall be patched by wrapping a strip of jacket material
around the pipe and securing it with adhesive, stapling, and coating with vapor retarder coating or PVDC
adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape. The patch
shall extend not less than 38 mm 1-1/2 inches past the break.
g. At penetrations such as thermometers, the voids in the insulation shall be filled and sealed with
vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000
perm adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.
h. Installation of flexible elastomeric cellular pipe insulation shall be by slitting the tubular sections
and applying them onto the piping or tubing. Alternately, whenever possible slide un-slit sections over
the open ends of piping or tubing. All seams and butt joints shall be secured and sealed with adhesive.
When using self seal products only the butt joints shall be secured with adhesive. Insulation shall
be pushed on the pipe, never pulled. Stretching of insulation may result in open seams and joints.
All edges shall be clean cut. Rough or jagged edges of the insulation shall not be permitted. Proper
tools such as sharp knives shall be used. Grade 1, Type II sheet insulation when used on pipe larger
than 150 mm 6 inches shall not be stretched around the pipe. On pipes larger than 300 mm 12 inches,
adhere sheet insulation directly to the pipe on the lower 1/3 of the pipe.
3.2.2.4 Insulation for Fittings and Accessories
a. Pipe insulation shall be tightly butted to the insulation of the fittings and accessories. The butted
joints and ends shall be sealed with joint sealant and sealed with a vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive
tape or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.
b. Precut or preformed insulation shall be placed around all fittings and accessories and shall conform
to MICA plates except as modified herein: 5 for anchors; 10, 11, and 13 for fittings; 14 for valves;
and 17 for flanges and unions. Insulation shall be the same insulation as the pipe insulation, including
same density, thickness, and thermal conductivity. Where precut/preformed is unavailable, rigid preformed
pipe insulation sections may be segmented into the shape required. Insulation of the same thickness
and conductivity as the adjoining pipe insulation shall be used. If nesting size insulation is used,
the insulation shall be overlapped 50 mm 2 inches or one pipe diameter. Elbows insulated using segments
shall conform to MICA Tables 12.20 "Mitered Insulation Elbow'.
c. Upon completion of insulation installation on flanges, unions, valves, anchors, fittings and accessories,
terminations, seams, joints and insulation not protected by factory vapor retarder jackets or PVC fitting
covers shall be protected with PVDC or greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive
tape or two coats of vapor retarder coating with a minimum total thickness of 2 mm 1/16 inch, applied
with glass tape embedded between coats. Tape seams shall overlap 25 mm 1 inch. The coating shall extend
out onto the adjoining pipe insulation 50 mm 2 inches. Fabricated insulation with a factory vapor retarder
jacket shall be protected with either greater than 3 ply laminate jacket - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive
tape, standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed or PVDC adhesive tape or two coats of vapor retarder
coating with a minimum thickness of 2 mm 1/16 inch and with a 50 mm 2 inch wide glass tape embedded between
coats. Where fitting insulation butts to pipe insulation, the joints shall be sealed with a vapor retarder
coating and a 100 mm 4 inch wide ASJ tape which matches the jacket of the pipe insulation.
d. Anchors attached directly to the pipe shall be insulated for a sufficient distance to prevent condensation
but not less than 150 mm 6 inches from the insulation surface.
e. Insulation shall be marked showing the location of unions, strainers, and check valves.
3.2.2.5 Optional PVC Fitting Covers
At the option of the Contractor, premolded, one or two piece PVC fitting covers may be used in lieu of the vapor
retarder and embedded glass tape. Factory precut or premolded insulation segments shall be used under the fitting
covers for elbows. Insulation segments shall be the same insulation as the pipe insulation including same density,
thickness, and thermal conductivity. The covers shall be secured by PVC vapor retarder tape, adhesive, seal
welding or with tacks made for securing PVC covers. Seams in the cover, and tacks and laps to adjoining pipe
insulation jacket, shall be sealed with vapor retarder tape to ensure that the assembly has a continuous vapor
seal.
3.2.3 Aboveground Hot Pipelines
3.2.3.1 General Requirements
All hot pipe lines above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F, except those piping listed in subparagraph Pipe Insulation
in PART 3 as to be omitted, shall be insulated in accordance with Table 2. This includes but is not limited
to the following:
a. Domestic hot water supply & re-circulating system.
b. Steam.
c. Condensate & compressed air discharge.
d. Hot water heating.
e. Heated oil.
f. Water defrost lines in refrigerated rooms.
Insulation shall be covered, in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, with a factory applied Type I
jacket or field applied aluminum where required or seal welded PVC.
3.2.3.2 Insulation for Fittings and Accessories
a. General. Pipe insulation shall be tightly butted to the insulation of the fittings and accessories.
The butted joints and ends shall be sealed with joint sealant. Insulation shall be marked showing the
location of unions, strainers, check valves and other components that would otherwise be hidden from
view by the insulation.
b. Precut or Preformed. Precut or preformed insulation shall be placed around all fittings and accessories.
Insulation shall be the same insulation as the pipe insulation, including same density, thickness, and
thermal conductivity.
c. Rigid Preformed. Where precut/preformed is unavailable, rigid preformed pipe insulation sections
may be segmented into the shape required. Insulation of the same thickness and conductivity as the adjoining
pipe insulation shall be used. If nesting size insulation is used, the insulation shall be overlapped
50 mm 2 inches or one pipe diameter. Elbows insulated using segments shall conform to MICA Tables 12.20
"Mitered Insulation Elbow".
3.2.4 Piping Exposed to Weather
Piping exposed to weather shall be insulated and jacketed as specified for the applicable service inside the
building. After this procedure, a laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils
embossed) vapor barrier/weatherproofing jacket - less than 0.0000 permeability (greater than 3 ply, standard
grade, silver, white, black and embossed aluminum jacket or PVC jacket shall be applied. PVC jacketing requires
no factory-applied jacket beneath it, however an all service jacket shall be applied if factory applied jacketing
is not furnished. Flexible elastomeric cellular insulation exposed to weather shall be treated in accordance
with paragraph INSTALLATION OF FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC CELLULAR INSULATION in PART 3.
3.2.4.1 Aluminum Jacket
The jacket for hot piping may be factory applied. The jacket shall overlap not less than 50 mm 2 inches at longitudinal
and circumferential joints and shall be secured with bands at not more than 300 mm 12 inch centers. Longitudinal
joints shall be overlapped down to shed water and located at 4 or 8 o'clock positions. Joints on piping 16 degrees
C 60 degrees F and below shall be sealed with caulking while overlapping to prevent moisture penetration. Where
jacketing on piping 16 degrees C 60 degrees F and below abuts an un-insulated surface, joints shall be caulked
to prevent moisture penetration. Joints on piping above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F shall be sealed with a moisture
retarder.
3.2.4.2 Insulation for Fittings
Flanges, unions, valves, fittings, and accessories shall be insulated and finished as specified for the applicable
service. Two coats of breather emulsion type weatherproof mastic (impermeable to water, permeable to air) recommended
by the insulation manufacturer shall be applied with glass tape embedded between coats. Tape overlaps shall
be not less than 25 mm 1 inch and the adjoining aluminum jacket not less than 50 mm 2 inches. Factory preformed
aluminum jackets may be used in lieu of the above. Molded PVC fitting covers shall be provided when PVC jackets
are used for straight runs of pipe. PVC fitting covers shall have adhesive welded joints and shall be weatherproof
laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) vapor barrier/weatherproofing
jacket - less than 0.0000 permeability, (greater than 3 ply, standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed,
and UV resistant.
3.2.4.3 PVC Jacket
PVC jacket shall be ultraviolet resistant and adhesive welded weather tight with manufacturer's recommended adhesive.
Installation shall include provision for thermal expansion.
3.2.5 Below Ground Pipe Insulation
NOTE: Where significant amounts (approximately 8 meters (25 feet)) of below
grade piping is to be insulated, a separate specification section will be developed
to allow factory pre-insulated systems as an alternate to field applied systems.
Portions of the underground piping that are to be insulated using this paragraph
will be indicated on the drawings.
Below ground pipes shall be insulated in accordance with Table 2, except as precluded in subparagraph Pipe Insulation
in PART 3. This includes, but is not limited to the following:
a. Heated oil.
b. Domestic hot water.
c. Heating hot water.
d. Dual temperature water.
e. Steam.
f. Condensate.
3.2.5.1 Type of Insulation
Below ground pipe shall be insulated with Cellular Glass insulation, or with Polyisocyanurate insulation, in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions for application with thickness as determined from Table 2 (whichever
is the most restrictive).
3.2.5.2 Installation of Below ground Pipe Insulation
a. Bore surfaces of the insulation shall be coated with a thin coat of gypsum cement of a type recommended
by the insulation manufacturer. Coating thickness shall be sufficient to fill surface cells of insulation.
Mastic type materials shall not be used for this coating. Note that unless this is for a cyclic application
(i.e., one that fluctuates between high and low temperature on a daily process basis) there is no need
to bore coat the material.
b. Stainless steel bands, 19 mm 3/4 inch wide by 0.508 mm 0.020 inch thick shall be used to secure insulation
in place. A minimum of two bands per section of insulation shall be applied. As an alternate, fiberglass
reinforced tape may be used to secure insulation on piping up to 300 mm 12 inches in diameter. A minimum
of two bands per section of insulation shall be applied.
c. Insulation shall terminate at anchor blocks but shall be continuous through sleeves and manholes.
d. At point of entry to buildings, underground insulation shall be terminated 50 mm 2 inches inside
the wall or floor, shall butt tightly against the aboveground insulation and the butt joint shall be
sealed with high temperature silicone sealant and covered with fibrous glass tape.
e. Provision for expansion and contraction of the insulation system shall be made in accordance with
the insulation manufacturer's recommendations.
f. Flanges, couplings, valves, and fittings shall be insulated with factory pre-molded, prefabricated,
or field-fabricated sections of insulation of the same material and thickness as the adjoining pipe insulation.
Insulation sections shall be secured as recommended by the manufacturer.
g. Insulation, including fittings, shall be finished with three coats of asphaltic mastic, with 6 by
5.5 mesh synthetic reinforcing fabric embedded between coats. Fabric shall be overlapped a minimum of
50 mm 2 inches at joints. Total film thickness shall be a minimum of 4.7 mm 3/16 inch. As an alternate,
a prefabricated bituminous laminated jacket, reinforced with internal reinforcement mesh, shall be applied
to the insulation. Jacketing material and application procedures shall match manufacturer's written
instructions. Vapor barrier - less than 0.0000 permeability self adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive,
0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) jacket greater than 3 ply, standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed
or greater than 8 ply (minimum 0.072 2.9 mils adhesive), heavy duty, white or natural). Application
procedures shall match the manufacturer's written instructions.
h. At termination points, other than building entrances, the mastic and cloth or tape shall cover the
ends of insulation and extend 50 mm 2 inches along the bare pipe.
3.3 DUCT INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
NOTE: Insulation may be omitted on heating duct in heated spaces. Designer
will determine if internally lined ducts are comparable in insulating value
to those unlined ducts to be insulated. If not, field insulation will be added.
The designer must maintain conditioned space control under cooling and heating
conditions - meet the energy budget, and not allow condensation formation.
The following do not require insulation: factory fabricated double wall internally
insulated duct, glass fiber duct, site-erected air conditioning casings and
plenums constructed of factory-insulated sheet metal panels, ducts internally
lined with insulation or sound absorbing material, unless indicated otherwise,
return ducts in ceiling spaces or as indicated, supply ducts in ceiling spaces
which are used as return air plenums (or as indicated), factory pre-insulated
flexible ducts, ducts within HVAC equipment, exhaust air ducts unless noted,
and duct portions inside walls or floor-ceiling space in which both sides of
the space are exposed to conditioned air and the space is not vented or exposed
to unconditioned air.
Ceiling spaces shall be defined as those spaces between the ceiling and bottom
of floor deck or roof deck inside the air-conditioned space insulated envelope,
and ceilings that form plenums.
Install duct insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA Insulation Stds plates as supplemented by
the manufacturer's published installation instructions.
Except for oven hood exhaust duct insulation, corner angles shall be installed on external corners of insulation
on ductwork in exposed finished spaces before covering with jacket. [Duct insulation shall be omitted on exposed
supply and return ducts in air conditioned spaces [where the difference between supply air temperature and room
air temperature is less than 9 degrees C 15 degrees F] unless otherwise shown.] Air conditioned spaces shall
be defined as those spaces directly supplied with cooled conditioned air (or provided with a cooling device such
as a fan-coil unit) and heated conditioned air (or provided with a heating device such as a unit heater, radiator
or convector).
3.3.1 Duct Insulation Thickness
NOTE: The following tables are adapted from ASHRAE standard 90.1. They may
be used to modify the thicknesses listed in Table 3. The thicknesses listed
are recommended, and may be changed at the discretion of the designer Limit
thickness of flexible elastomeric cellular insulation to 25 mm (1 inch) due
to flame spread and smoke development rating.
Table 3
Minimum Duct Insulation (mm and °C)
Cooling Heating
Duct Annual Cooling Insulation Annual Heating Insulation
Location Degree Days R-Value Degree Days R-Value
Base 18 C (sm K)/W Base 18 C (sm K)/W
Exterior <260 0.58 <816 0.58
Of 260 - 621 0.88 816 - 2482 0.88
Building 622 - 1093 1.14 2483 - 4149 1.14
>1093 1.41 <4149 1.41
Insulation Insulation
Temperature R-Value Temperature R-Value
Difference (sm K)/W Difference (sm K)/W
Inside
building or <-9.4 None reqd <-9.4 None reqd
in uncondi- -9.4<TD<4.4 0.58 -9.4<TD<4.4 0.58
tioned 4.4<TD 0.88 4.4<TD 0.88
spaces
These R-values do not include the film resistances. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water
vapor transmission and condensation. Additional insulation, vapor retarders, or both, may be required to limit
vapor transmission and condensation. Where ducts are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation
shall be as required by the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall
insulation shall be a required by the most restrictive condition of this section or the insulation for the building
envelope. Cooling ducts are those designed to convey mechanically cooled air or return ducts in such systems.
Heating ducts are those designed to convey mechanically heated air or return ducts in such systems. Thermal
resistance will be measured in accordance with ASTM C 518 at a mean temperature of 24 degrees C. The Temperature
difference is at design conditions between the space within which the duct is located and the design air temperature
in the duct. Resistance for runouts to terminal devices less than 3.048 m in length need not exceed 0.58 (sm
K)/W. Unconditioned spaces include crawlspaces and attics.
Table 3
Minimum Duct Insulation (inches and °F)
Cooling Heating
Duct Annual Cooling Insulation Annual Heating Insulation
Location Degree Days R-Value Degree Days R-Value
Base 65 F (h sf F)/Btu Base 65 F (h sf F)/Btu
Exterior <500 - 3.3 <1500 3.3
Of 500 - 1150 5.0 1500 - 4500 5.0
Building 1151 - 2000 6.5 4501 - 7500 6.5
>2000 8.0 >7500 8.0
Insulation Insulation
Temperature R-Value Temperature R-Value
Difference (h sf F)/Btu Difference (h sf F)/Btu
Inside
building <15 None reqd <15 None reqd
envelope 15<TD<40 3.3 15<TD<40 3.3
or in un- 40<TD 5.0 40<TD 5.0
conditioned
spaces
These R-values do not include the film resistances. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water
vapor transmission and condensation. Additional insulation, vapor retarders, or both, may be required to limit
vapor transmission and condensation. Where ducts are designed to convey both heated and cooled air, duct insulation
shall be as required by the most restrictive condition. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall
insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of this section or the insulation for the
building envelope. Cooling ducts are those designed to convey mechanically cooled air or return ducts in such
systems. Heating ducts are those designed to convey mechanically heated air or return ducts in such systems.
Thermal Resistance is to be measured in accordance with ASTM C 518 at a mean temperature of 75 degrees F. The
temperature difference is at design conditions between the space within which the duct is located and the design
air temperature in the duct. Resistance for run-outs to terminal devices less than 10 ft in length need not
exceed 3.3 (h sf F)/Btu. Unconditioned spaces include crawlspaces and attics.
Duct insulation thickness shall be in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4 - Minimum Duct Insulation (mm)
Cold Air Ducts 50
Relief Ducts 40
Fresh Air Intake Ducts 40
Warm Air Ducts 50
Relief Ducts 40
Fresh Air Intake Ducts 40
Table 4 - Minimum Duct Insulation (inches)
Cold Air Ducts 2.0
Relief Ducts 1.5
Fresh Air Intake Ducts 1.5
Warm Air Ducts 2.0
Relief Ducts 1.5
Fresh Air Intake Ducts 1.5
3.3.2 Insulation and Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier for Cold Air Duct
NOTE: Cold air ducts needing insulation are ducts that handle air at or below
16 degrees C (60 degrees F). Mixing boxes, relief air ducts, and filter boxes
should not be insulated unless condensation is a problem. Insulation may be
omitted on that portion of return air ducts installed in the ceiling spaces
where condensation is not a problem, and on that portion of supply ducts installed
in ceiling spaces used as a return air plenum where condensation is not a problem.
The designer is required to provide calculations to prove, if insulation is
not provided for ducts or equipment, the space will be properly cooled and condensation
will not form on ductwork or equipment. For ducts to be used for both heating
and cooling, the requirements for cold ducts will govern.
Insulation and vapor retarder/vapor barrier shall be provided for the following cold air ducts and associated
equipment.
a. Supply ducts.
b. Return air ducts.
c. Relief ducts.
d. Flexible run-outs (field-insulated).
e. Plenums.
f. Duct-mounted coil casings.
g. Coil headers and return bends.
h. Coil casings.
i. Fresh air intake ducts.
j. Filter boxes.
k. Mixing boxes (field-insulated).
l. Supply fans (field-insulated).
m. Site-erected air conditioner casings.
n. Ducts exposed to weather.
o. Combustion air intake ducts.
Insulation for rectangular ducts shall be flexible type where concealed, minimum density 12 kg/cubic m 3/4 pcf
, and rigid type where exposed, minimum density 48 kg/cubic m 3 pcf. Insulation for both concealed or exposed
round/oval ducts shall be flexible type, minimum density 12 kg/cubic m 3/4 pcf or a semi rigid board, minimum
density 48 kg/cubic m 3 pcf, formed or fabricated to a tight fit, edges beveled and joints tightly butted and
staggered. Insulation for all exposed ducts shall be provided with either a white, paint-able, factory-applied
Type I jacket or a field applied vapor retarder/vapor barrier jacket coating finish as specified, the total field
applied dry film thickness shall be approximately 2 mm 1/16 inch. Insulation on all concealed duct shall be
provided with a factory-applied Type I or II vapor retarder/vapor barrier jacket. Duct insulation shall be continuous
through sleeves and prepared openings except firewall penetrations. Duct insulation terminating at fire dampers,
shall be continuous over the damper collar and retaining angle of fire dampers, which are exposed to unconditioned
air and which may be prone to condensate formation. Duct insulation and vapor retarder/vapor barrier shall cover
the collar, neck, and any un-insulated surfaces of diffusers, registers and grills. Vapor retarder/vapor barrier
materials shall be applied to form a complete unbroken vapor seal over the insulation. Sheet Metal Duct shall
be sealed in accordance with Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEM.
3.3.2.1 Installation on Concealed Duct
a. For rectangular, oval or round ducts, flexible insulation shall be attached by applying adhesive
around the entire perimeter of the duct in 150 mm 6 inch wide strips on 300 mm 12 inch centers.
b. For rectangular and oval ducts, 600 mm 24 inches and larger insulation shall be additionally secured
to bottom of ducts by the use of mechanical fasteners. Fasteners shall be spaced on 400 mm 16 inch centers
and not more than 400 mm 16 inches from duct corners.
c. For rectangular, oval and round ducts, mechanical fasteners shall be provided on sides of duct risers
for all duct sizes. Fasteners shall be spaced on 400 mm 16 inch centers and not more than 400 mm 16
inches from duct corners.
d. Insulation shall be impaled on the mechanical fasteners (self stick pins) where used and shall be
pressed thoroughly into the adhesive. Care shall be taken to ensure vapor retarder/vapor barrier jacket
joints overlap 50 mm 2 inches. The insulation shall not be compressed to a thickness less than that
specified. Insulation shall be carried over standing seams and trapeze-type duct hangers.
e. Where mechanical fasteners are used, self-locking washers shall be installed and the pin trimmed
and bent over.
f. Jacket overlaps shall be secured with staples and tape as necessary to ensure a secure seal. Staples,
tape and seams shall be coated with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater
than 3 ply laminate (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 3 mils embossed) - less than 0.0000 perm
adhesive tape.
g. Breaks in the jacket material shall be covered with patches of the same material as the vapor retarder
jacket. The patches shall extend not less than 50 mm 2 inches beyond the break or penetration in all
directions and shall be secured with tape and staples. Staples and tape joints shall be sealed with
a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive tape or greater than 3 ply laminate (minimum
0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) - less than 0.0000 perm adhesive tape.
h. At jacket penetrations such as hangers, thermometers, and damper operating rods, voids in the insulation
shall be filled and the penetration sealed with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating or PVDC adhesive
tape greater than 3 ply laminate (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) - less than
0.0000 perm adhesive tape.
i. Insulation terminations and pin punctures shall be sealed and flashed with a reinforced vapor retarder
coating finish or tape with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating.. The coating shall overlap the adjoining
insulation and un-insulated surface 50 mm 2 inches. Pin puncture coatings shall extend 50 mm 2 inches
from the puncture in all directions.
j. Where insulation standoff brackets occur, insulation shall be extended under the bracket and the
jacket terminated at the bracket.
3.3.2.2 Installation on Exposed Duct Work
a. For rectangular ducts, rigid insulation shall be secured to the duct by mechanical fasteners on all
four sides of the duct, spaced not more than 300 mm 12 inches apart and not more than 75 mm 3 inches
from the edges of the insulation joints. A minimum of two rows of fasteners shall be provided for each
side of duct 300 mm 12 inches and larger. One row shall be provided for each side of duct less than
300 mm 12 inches. Mechanical fasteners shall be as corrosion resistant as G60 coated galvanized steel,
and shall indefinitely sustain a 22.7 kg 50 lb tensile dead load test perpendicular to the duct wall.
b. Duct insulation shall be formed with minimum jacket seams. Each piece of rigid insulation shall
be fastened to the duct using mechanical fasteners. When the height of projections is less than the
insulation thickness, insulation shall be brought up to standing seams, reinforcing, and other vertical
projections and shall not be carried over. Vapor retarder/barrier jacket shall be continuous across
seams, reinforcing, and projections. When height of projections is greater than the insulation thickness,
insulation and jacket shall be carried over. Apply insulation with joints tightly butted. Neatly bevel
insulation around name plates and access plates and doors.
c. Insulation shall be impaled on the fasteners; self-locking washers shall be installed and the pin
trimmed and bent over.
d. Joints in the insulation jacket shall be sealed with a 100 mm 4 inch wide strip of tape. Tape seams
shall be sealed with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating.
e. Breaks and ribs or standing seam penetrations in the jacket material shall be covered with a patch
of the same material as the jacket. Patches shall extend not less than 50 mm 2 inches beyond the break
or penetration and shall be secured with tape and stapled. Staples and joints shall be sealed with a
brush coat of vapor retarder coating.
f. At jacket penetrations such as hangers, thermometers, and damper operating rods, the voids in the
insulation shall be filled and the penetrations sealed with a brush coat of vapor retarder coating.
g. Insulation terminations and pin punctures shall be sealed and flashed with a reinforced vapor retarder
coating finish. The coating shall overlap the adjoining insulation and un-insulated surface 50 mm 2
inches. Pin puncture coatings shall extend 50 mm 2 inches from the puncture in all directions.
h. Oval and round ducts, flexible type, shall be insulated with factory Type I jacket insulation with
minimum density of 12 kg per cubic meter 3/4 pcf, attached as in accordance with MICA standards.
3.3.3 Insulation for Warm Air Duct
NOTE: Warm air ducts needing insulation are ducts that handle air above 16
degrees C (60 degrees F). Mixing boxes, relief air ducts, and filter boxes
should not be insulated unless condensation is a problem. Factory fabricated
double-walled internally insulated duct exposed to the weather should be externally
insulated on long runs of duct in cold climates. If insulation is required
for unique building design, indicate on the drawings the locations the insulation
is to be installed. Ducts for dual purposes will be as required for cold duct.
Delete items below as required.
Insulation and vapor barrier shall be provided for the following warm air ducts and associated equipment:.
a. Supply ducts.
b. Return air ducts.
c. Relief air ducts
d. Flexible run-outs (field insulated).
e. Plenums.
f. Duct-mounted coil casings.
g. Coil-headers and return bends.
h. Coil casings.
i. Fresh air intake ducts.
j. Filter boxes.
k. Mixing boxes.
l. Supply fans.
m. Site-erected air conditioner casings.
n. Ducts exposed to weather.
Insulation for rectangular ducts shall be flexible type where concealed, and rigid type where exposed. Insulation
on exposed ducts shall be provided with a white, paint-able, factory-applied Type II jacket, or finished with
adhesive finish. Flexible type insulation shall be used for round ducts, with a factory-applied Type II jacket.
Insulation on concealed duct shall be provided with a factory-applied Type II jacket. Adhesive finish where
indicated to be used shall be accomplished by applying two coats of adhesive with a layer of glass cloth embedded
between the coats. The total dry film thickness shall be approximately 2.0 mm 1/16 inch. Duct insulation shall
be continuous through sleeves and prepared openings. Duct insulation shall terminate at fire dampers and flexible
connections.
3.3.3.1 Installation on Concealed Duct
a. For rectangular, oval and round ducts, insulation shall be attached by applying adhesive around the
entire perimeter of the duct in 150 mm 6 inch wide strips on 300 mm 12 inch centers.
b. For rectangular and oval ducts 600 mm 24 inches and larger, insulation shall be secured to the bottom
of ducts by the use of mechanical fasteners. Fasteners shall be spaced on 450 mm 18 inch centers and
not more than 450 mm 18 inches from duct corner.
c. For rectangular, oval and round ducts, mechanical fasteners shall be provided on sides of duct risers
for all duct sizes. Fasteners shall be spaced on 450 mm 18 inch centers and not more than 450 mm 18
inches from duct corners.
d. The insulation shall be impaled on the mechanical fasteners where used. The insulation shall not
be compressed to a thickness less than that specified. Insulation shall be carried over standing seams
and trapeze-type hangers.
e. Self-locking washers shall be installed where mechanical fasteners are used and the pin trimmed and
bent over.
f. Insulation jacket shall overlap not less than 50 mm 2 inches at joints and the lap shall be secured
and stapled on 100 mm 4 inch centers.
3.3.3.2 Installation on Exposed Duct
a. For rectangular ducts, the rigid insulation shall be secured to the duct by the use of mechanical
fasteners on all four sides of the duct, spaced not more than 400 mm 16 inches apart and not more than
150 mm 6 inches from the edges of the insulation joints. A minimum of two rows of fasteners shall be
provided for each side of duct 300 mm 12 inches and larger and a minimum of one row for each side of
duct less than 300 mm 12 inches.
b. Duct insulation with factory-applied jacket shall be formed with minimum jacket seams, and each piece
of rigid insulation shall be fastened to the duct using mechanical fasteners. When the height of projection
is less than the insulation thickness, insulation shall be brought up to standing seams, reinforcing,
and other vertical projections and shall not be carried over the projection. Jacket shall be continuous
across seams, reinforcing, and projections. Where the height of projections is greater than the insulation
thickness, insulation and jacket shall be carried over the projection.
c. Insulation shall be impaled on the fasteners; self-locking washers shall be installed and pin trimmed
and bent over.
d. Joints on jacketed insulation shall be sealed with a 100 mm 4 inch wide strip of tape and brushed
with vapor retarder coating.
e. Breaks and penetrations in the jacket material shall be covered with a patch of the same material
as the jacket. Patches shall extend not less than 50 mm 2 inches beyond the break or penetration and
shall be secured with adhesive and stapled.
f. Insulation terminations and pin punctures shall be sealed with tape and brushed with vapor retarder
coating.
g. Oval and round ducts, flexible type, shall be insulated with factory Type I jacket insulation, minimum
density of 12 kg per cubic meter 3/4 pcf attached by staples spaced not more than 400 mm 16 inches and
not more than 150 mm 6 inches from the degrees of joints. Joints shall be sealed in accordance with
item "d." above.
3.3.4 Ducts Handling Air for Dual Purpose
For air handling ducts for dual purpose below and above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F, ducts shall be insulated as
specified for cold air duct.
3.3.5 Insulation for Evaporative Cooling Duct
Evaporative cooling supply duct located in spaces not evaporatively cooled, shall be insulated. Material and
installation requirements shall be as specified for duct insulation for warm air duct.
3.3.6 Duct Test Holes
After duct systems have been tested, adjusted, and balanced, breaks in the insulation and jacket shall be repaired
in accordance with the applicable section of this specification for the type of duct insulation to be repaired.
3.3.7 Duct Exposed to Weather
3.3.7.1 Installation
Ducts exposed to weather shall be insulated and finished as specified for the applicable service for exposed
duct inside the building. After the above is accomplished, the insulation shall then be further finished as
detailed in the following subparagraphs.
3.3.7.2 Round Duct
Laminated self-adhesive (minimum 0.05 mm 2 mils adhesive, 0.075 mm 3 mils embossed) vapor barrier/weatherproofing
jacket - Less than 0.0000 permeability, (greater than 3 ply, standard grade, silver, white, black and embossed
or greater than 8 ply, heavy duty, white and natural) membrane shall be applied overlapping material by 75 mm
3 inches no bands or caulking needed - see manufacturer's recommended installation instructions. Aluminum jacket
with factory applied moisture retarder shall be applied with the joints lapped not less than 75 mm 3 inches and
secured with bands located at circumferential laps and at not more than 300 mm 12 inch intervals throughout.
Horizontal joints shall lap down to shed water and located at 4 or 8 o'clock position. Joints shall be sealed
with caulking to prevent moisture penetration. Where jacketing abuts an un-insulated surface, joints shall be
sealed with caulking.
3.3.7.3 Fittings
Fittings and other irregular shapes shall be finished as specified for rectangular ducts.
3.3.7.4 Rectangular Ducts
Two coats of weather barrier mastic reinforced with fabric or mesh for outdoor application shall be applied to
the entire surface. Each coat of weatherproof mastic shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch minimum thickness. The exterior
shall be a metal jacketing applied for mechanical abuse and weather protection, and secured with screws.
3.3.8 Kitchen Exhaust Duct Insulation
NFPA 96 for [ovens,] [griddles,] [deepfat fryers,] [steam kettles,] [vegetable steamers,] [high pressure cookers,]
[and] [mobile serving units]. Provide insulation with 19 mm 3/4 inch wide, minimum 4 mm 0.15 inch thick galvanized
steel bands spaced not over 305 mm 12 inches o.c.; or 16 gauge galvanized steel wire with corner clips under
the wire; or with heavy welded pins spaced not over 305 mm 12 inches apart each way. Do not use adhesives.
3.4 EQUIPMENT INSULATION SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
Install equipment insulation systems in accordance with the approved MICA Insulation Stds plates as supplemented
by the manufacturer's published installation instructions.
3.4.1 General
Removable insulation sections shall be provided to cover parts of equipment that must be opened periodically
for maintenance including vessel covers, fasteners, flanges and accessories. Equipment insulation shall be omitted
on the following:
a. Hand-holes.
b. Boiler manholes.
c. Cleanouts.
d. ASME stamps.
e. Manufacturer's nameplates.
f. Duct Test/Balance Test Holes.
3.4.2 Insulation for Cold Equipment
NOTE: Special cold equipment including Government-furnished equipment that
requires field-applied insulation will be inserted in the appropriate paragraph.
Cold equipment below 16 degrees C 60 degrees F: Insulation shall be furnished on equipment handling media below
16 degrees C 60 degrees F including the following:
a. Pumps.
b. Refrigeration equipment parts that are not factory insulated.
c. Drip pans under chilled equipment.
d. Cold water storage tanks.
e. Water softeners.
f. Duct mounted coils.
g. Cold and chilled water pumps.
h. Pneumatic water tanks.
i. Roof drain bodies.
j. Air handling equipment parts that are not factory insulated.
k. Expansion and air separation tanks.
3.4.2.1 Insulation Type
NOTE: Additional data on insulation thickness may be found in manufacturers
catalogs and computer sizing programs and from individual calculations. Care
should be taken in the selection of an insulating material for high temperature
equipment. If the equipment rises to high operating temperature in a short
period of time, thermal stresses may occur in rigid insulations that may lead
to cracking and subsequent deterioration of the insulation.
Insulation shall be suitable for the temperature encountered. Material and thicknesses shall be as shown in
Table 5:
Legend
RMF: Rigid Mineral Fiber
FMF: Flexible Mineral Fiber
CS: Calcium Silicate
PL: Perlite
CG: Cellular Glass
FC: Flexible Elastomeric Cellular
PF: Phenolic Foam
PC: Polyisocyanurate Foam
PE: Polyolefin closed cell
TABLE 5
Insulation Thickness for Cold Equipment (mm and °C)
Equipment handling media Material Thickness
at indicated temperature:
___________________________________________________________________________
2 to 16 CG 40 mm
degrees C PF 40 mm
FC 25 mm
PC 25 mm
PE 25 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
Minus 18 to 1 PF 40 mm
degree C PC 40 mm
CG 75 mm
FC 40 mm
PE 40 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
Minus 34 to Minus 17 PF 40 mm
degrees C PC 40 mm
CG 90 mm
FC 45 mm
PE 45 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5
Insulation Thickness for Cold Equipment (Inches and °F)
Equipment handling media Material Thickness
at indicated temperature:
_________________________________________________________________________
35 to 60 CG 1.5 inches
degrees F PF 1.5 inches
FC 1.0 inches
PC 1.0 inches
PE 1.0 inches
__
1 to 34 PC 1.5 inches
degrees F FC 1.5 inches
CG 3.0 inches
PF 1.5 inches
PE 1.5 inches
_________________________________________________________________________
Minus 30 to 0 PC 1.5 inches
degrees F FC 1.75 inches
CG 3.5 inches
PF 1.5 inches
PE 1.5 inches
_________________________________________________________________________
3.4.2.2 Pump Insulation
a. Insulate pumps by forming a box around the pump housing. The box shall be constructed by forming
the bottom and sides using joints that do not leave raw ends of insulation exposed. Joints between sides
and between sides and bottom shall be joined by adhesive with lap strips for rigid mineral fiber and
contact adhesive for flexible elastomeric cellular insulation. The box shall conform to the requirements
of MICA Insulation Stds plate No. 49 when using flexible elastomeric cellular insulation. Joints between
top cover and sides shall fit tightly forming a female shiplap joint on the side pieces and a male joint
on the top cover, thus making the top cover removable.
b. Exposed insulation corners shall be protected with corner angles.
c. Upon completion of installation of the insulation, including removable sections, two coats of vapor
retarder coating shall be applied with a layer of glass cloth embedded between the coats. The total
dry thickness of the finish shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch. A parting line shall be provided between the box
and the removable sections allowing the removable sections to be removed without disturbing the insulation
coating. Caulking shall be applied to parting line, between equipment and removable section insulation,
and at all penetrations.
3.4.2.3 Other Equipment
a. Insulation shall be formed or fabricated to fit the equipment. To ensure a tight fit on round equipment,
edges shall be beveled and joints shall be tightly butted and staggered.
b. Insulation shall be secured in place with bands or wires at intervals as recommended by the manufacturer
but not more than 300 mm 12 inch centers except flexible elastomeric cellular which shall be adhered
with contact adhesive. Insulation corners shall be protected under wires and bands with suitable corner
angles.
c. Phenolic foam insulation shall be set in a coating of bedding compound and joints shall be sealed
with bedding compound as recommended by the manufacturer. Cellular glass shall be installed in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions. Joints and ends shall be sealed with joint sealant, and sealed with
a vapor retarder coating.
d. Insulation on heads of heat exchangers shall be removable. Removable section joints shall be fabricated
using a male-female shiplap type joint. The entire surface of the removable section shall be finished
by applying two coats of vapor retarder coating with a layer of glass cloth embedded between the coats.
The total dry thickness of the finish shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch.
e. Exposed insulation corners shall be protected with corner angles.
f. Insulation on equipment with ribs shall be applied over 150 by 150 mm 6 by 6 inches by 12 gauge welded
wire fabric which has been cinched in place, or if approved by the Contracting Officer, spot welded to
the equipment over the ribs. Insulation shall be secured to the fabric with J-hooks and 50 by 50 mm
2 by 2 inches washers or shall be securely banded or wired in place on 300 mm 12 inch centers.
3.4.2.4 Vapor Retarder/Vapor Barrier
Upon completion of installation of insulation, penetrations shall be caulked. Two coats of vapor retarder coating
or vapor barrier jacket shall be applied over insulation, including removable sections, with a layer of open
mesh synthetic fabric embedded between the coats. The total dry thickness of the finish shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch
. Caulking or vapor barrier tape shall be applied to parting line between equipment and removable section insulation.
3.4.3 Insulation for Hot Equipment
NOTE: Special hot equipment such as sterilizers, expansion tanks for high temperature
water systems, process equipment, and special Government-furnished equipment
that requires field-applied insulation will be inserted in the appropriate subparagraphs.
Expansion tanks on hot water heating systems will not normally be insulated.
Insulation shall be furnished on equipment handling media above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F including the following:
a. Converters.
b. Heat exchangers.
c. Hot water generators.
d. Water heaters.
e. Pumps handling media above 54 degrees C 130 degrees F.
f. Fuel oil heaters.
g. Hot water storage tanks.
h. Air separation tanks.
i. Surge tanks.
j. Flash tanks.
k. Feed-water heaters.
l. Unjacketed boilers or parts of boilers.
m. Boiler flue gas connection from boiler to stack (if inside).
n. Induced draft fans.
o. Fly ash and soot collectors.
p. Condensate receivers.
3.4.3.1 Insulation
NOTE: Additional data on insulation thickness may be found in manufacturers
catalogs and computer sizing programs and from individual calculations. Care
should be taken in the selection of an insulating material for high temperature
equipment. If the equipment rises to high operating temperature in a short
period of time, thermal stresses may occur in rigid insulations that may lead
to cracking and subsequent deterioration of the insulation.
Insulation shall be suitable for the temperature encountered. Shell and tube-type heat exchangers shall be insulated
for the temperature of the shell medium.
Insulation thickness for hot equipment shall be determined using Table 6:
Legend
RMF: Rigid Mineral Fiber
FMF: Flexible Mineral Fiber
CS: Calcium Silicate
PL: Perlite
CG: Cellular Glass
FC: Flexible Elastomeric Cellular
PF: Phenolic Foam
PC: Polyisocyanurate Foam
TABLE 6
Insulation Thickness for Hot Equipment (mm and °C)
Equipment handling steam Material Thickness
or other media to indicated
pressure or temperature
limit
___________________________________________________________________________
103.4 kPa RMF 50 mm
or FMF 50 mm
121 C CS/PL 100 mm
CG 75 mm
PF 40 mm
FC(<93 C) 25 mm
PC 25 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
1379.0kPa RMF 75 mm
or FMF 75 mm
204 C CS/PL 100 mm
CG 100 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
316 C RMF 125 mm
FMF 150 mm
CS/PL 150 mm
CG 150 mm
___________________________________________________________________________
316 C: Thickness necessary to limit the external temperature of the insulation to 50 C. Heat transfer calculations
shall be submitted to substantiate insulation and thickness selection.
TABLE 6
Insulation Thickness for Hot Equipment (Inches and °F)
Equipment handling steam Material Thickness
or media to indicated pressure
or temperature limit:
_________________________________________________________________________
15 psig RMF 2.0 inches
or FMF 2.0 inches
250F CS/PL 4.0 inches
CG 3.0 inches
PF 1.5 inches
FC (<200F) 1.0 inches
__ PC 1.0 inches
200 psig RMF 3.0 inches
or FMF 3.0 inches
400 F CS/PL 4.0 inches
CG 4.0 inches
_________________________________________________________________________
600 F RMF 5.0 inches
FMF 6.0 inches
CS/PL 6.0 inches
CG 6.0 inches
_________________________________________________________________________
>600 F: Thickness necessary to limit the external temperature of the insulation to 120F. Heat transfer calculations
shall be submitted to substantiate insulation and thickness selection.
3.4.3.2 Insulation of Boiler Stack and Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe
Inside [boiler House] [mechanical Room], bevel insulation neatly around openings and provide sheet metal insulation
stop strips around such openings. Apply a skim coat of hydraulic setting cement directly to insulation. Apply
a flooding coat of adhesive over hydraulic setting cement, and while still wet, press a layer of glass cloth
or tape into adhesive and seal laps and edges with adhesive. Coat glass cloth with adhesive. When dry, apply
a finish coat of adhesive at can-consistency so that when dry no glass weave shall be observed. Provide metal
jackets for [stacks] [and] [exhaust pipes] that are located above finished floor and spaces outside [boiler house]
[mechanical room]. Apply metal jackets directly over insulation and secure with 19 mm 3/4 inch wide metal bands
spaced on 457 mm 18 inch centers. Do not insulate name plates. Insulation type and thickness shall be in accordance
with the following Table 7.
TABLE 7
Insulation and Thickness (mm and °C) for
Boiler Stack and Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe
___________________________________________________________________________
Service & Surface Material Outside Diameter (mm)
Temperature Range 6-32 40-80 90-125 150-250 280-900
(Degrees C)
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 80 90 100
(Up to 204°C) ASTM C 553
Class B-3,
ASTM C 547
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 1
__________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 80 90 100
ASTM C 533,
Type 1
__________________________________________________________
Cellular Glass 40 40 40 50 65
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 100 100 125
(205 to 315°C) ASTM C 547,
Class 2,
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
__________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 100 100 100
ASTM C 533
Type I or II
__________________________________________________________
Mineral Fiber/
Cellular Glass
Composite:
Mineral Fiber 25 25 25 25 50
ASTM C 547 Class 2
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
Cellular Glass 50 50 50 50 50
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 100 100 150
(316 to 427°C) ASTM C 547
Class 3,
ASTM C 592
Class 1,
or ASTM C 612
Class 3
__________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 100 100 150
ASTM C 533
Type I or II
__________________________________________________________
Mineral Fiber/
Cellular Glass
Composite:
Mineral Fiber 50 50 50 80 100
ASTM C 547,
Class 2,
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
Cellular Glass 50 50 50 50 50
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Diesel Engine Calcium Silicate 80 90 100 100 100
Exhaust ASTM C 533
(Up to 371°C) Type I or II
__________________________________________________________
Cellular Glass 65 90 100 115 150
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7
Insulation and Thickness (Inches and °F) for
Boiler Stack and Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe
___________________________________________________________________________
Service & Surface Material Outside Diameter (Inches)
Temperature Range 1/4-1-1/4 1-1/2-3 3-1/2-5 6-10 11-36
(Degrees F)
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 3 3.5 4
(Up to 400° F) ASTM C 553
Class B-3,
ASTM C 547
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 1
________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 3 3.5 4
ASTM C 533,
Type 1
________________________________________________________
Cellular Glass 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2.5
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 4 4 5
(401 to 600°F) ASTM C 547,
Class 2,
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 4 4 4
ASTM C 533
Type I or II
________________________________________________________
Mineral Fiber/
Cellular Glass
Composite:
Mineral Fiber 1 1 1 1 2
ASTM C 547 Class 2
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
Cellular Glass 2 2 2 2 2
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Boiler Stack Mineral Fiber NA NA 4 4 6
(601 to 800°F) ASTM C 547
Class 3,
ASTM C 592
Class 1,
or ASTM C 612
Class 3
________________________________________________________
Calcium Silicate NA NA 4 4 6
ASTM C 533
Type I or II
________________________________________________________
Mineral Fiber/
Cellular Glass
Composite:
Mineral Fiber 2 2 2 3 4
ASTM C 547, Class 2,
ASTM C 592
Class 1, or
ASTM C 612
Class 3
Cellular Glass 2 2 2 2 2
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
Diesel Engine Calcium Silicate 3 3.5 4 4 4
Exhaust ASTM C 533
(Up to 700°F) Type I or II
________________________________________________________
Cellular Glass 2.5 3.5 4 4.5 6
ASTM C 552,
Type II
___________________________________________________________________________
3.4.3.3 Insulation of Pumps
Insulate pumps by forming a box around the pump housing. The box shall be constructed by forming the bottom
and sides using joints that do not leave raw ends of insulation exposed. Bottom and sides shall be banded to
form a rigid housing that does not rest on the pump. Joints between top cover and sides shall fit tightly.
The top cover shall have a joint forming a female shiplap joint on the side pieces and a male joint on the top
cover, making the top cover removable. Two coats of Class I adhesive shall be applied over insulation, including
removable sections, with a layer of glass cloth embedded between the coats. A parting line shall be provided
between the box and the removable sections allowing the removable sections to be removed without disturbing the
insulation coating. The total dry thickness of the finish shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch. Caulking shall be applied
to parting line of the removable sections and penetrations.
3.4.3.4 Other Equipment
a. Insulation shall be formed or fabricated to fit the equipment. To ensure a tight fit on round equipment,
edges shall be beveled and joints shall be tightly butted and staggered.
b. Insulation shall be secured in place with bands or wires at intervals as recommended by the manufacturer
but not greater than 300 mm 12 inch centers except flexible elastomeric cellular which shall be adhered.
Insulation corners shall be protected under wires and bands with suitable corner angles.
c. On high vibration equipment, cellular glass insulation shall be set in a coating of bedding compound
as recommended by the manufacturer, and joints shall be sealed with bedding compound. Mineral fiber
joints shall be filled with finishing cement.
d. Insulation on heads of heat exchangers shall be removable. The removable section joint shall be
fabricated using a male-female shiplap type joint. Entire surface of the removable section shall be
finished as specified.
e. Exposed insulation corners shall be protected with corner angles.
f. On equipment with ribs, such as boiler flue gas connection, draft fans, and fly ash or soot collectors,
insulation shall be applied over 150 by 150 mm 6 by 6 inch by 12 gauge welded wire fabric which has been
cinched in place, or if approved by the Contracting Officer, spot welded to the equipment over the ribs.
Insulation shall be secured to the fabric with J-hooks and 50 by 50 mm 2 by 2 inch washers or shall be
securely banded or wired in place on 300 mm 12 inch (maximum) centers.
g. On equipment handling media above 316 degrees C 600 degrees F, insulation shall be applied in two
or more layers with joints staggered.
h. Upon completion of installation of insulation, penetrations shall be caulked. Two coats of adhesive
shall be applied over insulation, including removable sections, with a layer of glass cloth embedded
between the coats. The total dry thickness of the finish shall be 2 mm 1/16 inch. Caulking shall be
applied to parting line between equipment and removable section insulation.
3.4.4 Equipment Handling Dual Temperature Media
Below and above 16 degrees C 60 degrees F: equipment handling dual temperature media shall be insulated as specified
for cold equipment.
3.4.5 Equipment Exposed to Weather
3.4.5.1 Installation
Equipment exposed to weather shall be insulated and finished in accordance with the requirements for ducts exposed
to weather in paragraph DUCT INSULATION INSTALLATION.
3.4.5.2 Optional Panels
At the option of the Contractor, prefabricated metal insulation panels may be used in lieu of the insulation
and finish previously specified. Thermal performance shall be equal to or better than that specified for field
applied insulation. Panels shall be the standard catalog product of a manufacturer of metal insulation panels.
Fastenings, flashing, and support system shall conform to published recommendations of the manufacturer for weatherproof
installation and shall prevent moisture from entering the insulation. Panels shall be designed to accommodate
thermal expansion and to support a 1112 N 250 pound walking load without permanent deformation or permanent damage
to the insulation. Exterior metal cover sheet shall be aluminum and exposed fastenings shall be stainless steel
or aluminum.