USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 12 11 (November 2008)
-----------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-32 12 11 (August 2008)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 32 12 11
BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
11/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for single and double
bituminous surface treatment of pavements for airfields, roads, streets, parking
areas, and other general applications.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES
NOTE: Delete this paragraph when lump-sum bidding is used.
The bituminous material and aggregate to be paid for will be the measured quantities used in the accepted work.
1.1.1 Bituminous Material
The amount of bituminous material to be paid for will be measured in [metric 2000 pounds tons] [the number of
liters gallons of material used in the accepted work, corrected to liters at 15.6 degrees C gallons at 60 degrees
F in accordance with [ASTM D 633] [ASTM D 1250, using a coefficient of expansion of 0.00045 per degree C 0.00025
per degree F for asphalt emulsion]].
1.1.2 Aggregate
The amount of aggregate paid for will be the number of [metric 2000 pounds tons] [cubic meters yards] of aggregate
placed and accepted in the completed work or placed in authorized stockpiles.
1.1.3 Quantity Limits
NOTE: Only the appropriate application rates consistent with the gradations
of paragraph "Mineral Aggregate" will be retained.
The bituminous material and aggregate shall be spread within the quantity limits shown in PART 2; bids shall
be based on the mean of the values in the tables. The individual quantities of bituminous material and aggregate
may be varied to meet specific field conditions at all times during progress of the work, as directed, without
adjustments to contract unit prices.
1.2 PAYMENT PROCEDURES
NOTE: Delete this paragraph when lump-sum bidding is used.
The quantities of aggregates and bituminous material, determined as specified in paragraph MEASUREMENT FOR PAYMENT,
will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices, which payment shall constitute full compensation for
all operations necessary to complete the work as specified herein.
1.3 WAYBILLS AND DELIVERY TICKETS
Before the final statement is allowed, file with the Contracting Officer certified waybills and delivery tickets
for aggregate and bituminous material used in the bituminous surface treatment. Do not remove bituminous material
from the tank car or storage tank until initial outage and temperature measurements have been taken; nor shall
the car or tank be released until final outage has been taken.
1.4 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM C 131(2006)Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles MachineASTM C 136(2006) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesASTM C 29/C 29M(2007) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in AggregateASTM C 88(2005) Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateASTM D 1139(2000; R 2004) Aggregate for Single or Multiple Bituminous Surface TreatmentsASTM D 1250(2007) Standard Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesASTM D 140(2001; R 2007) Sampling Bituminous MaterialsASTM D 2028(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)ASTM D 2397(2005) Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltASTM D 3381(2005) Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement ConstructionASTM D 3625(1996; R 2005) Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Bituminous-Coated Aggregate Using Boiling WaterASTM D 633(1997; R 2005) Volume Correction Table for Road TarASTM D 75(2003) Standard Practice for Sampling AggregatesASTM D 946(1982; R 2005) Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement ConstructionASTM D 977(2005) Emulsified Asphalt]1.5 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Provide equipment dependable and adequate for the purpose intended and properly maintained in satisfactory and
safe operating condition at all times. Discontinue the use of equipment which fails to produce satisfactory
work and replace with satisfactory equipment. Calibrated equipment such as asphalt distributors, scales, batching
equipment, spreaders and similar equipment, shall have been recalibrated by an approved calibration laboratory
within [12] [_____] months prior to commencing work [and every [_____] months thereafter, by such laboratory
from the date of recalibration, during the term of the contract].
1.5.1 Bituminous Distributors
The distributors shall have pneumatic tires of such width and number that the load produced on the base surface
does not exceed 11.6 kg per mm 650 pounds per inch of tire width. Distributors shall be designed and equipped
to distribute bituminous material uniformly at even heat on various widths of surface at readily determined and
controlled rates ranging from 0.20 to 9.1 L/square meter 0.05 to 2.00 gallons/square yard, with a pressure range
of 172 to 517 kPa 25 to 75 psi. The allowable variation from any specified rate shall not exceed 5 percent.
Distributor equipment shall include a separate power unit for the bitumen pump, full-circulation spray bars,
tachometer, pressure gauges, volume-measuring devices, a thermometer for reading the temperature of tank contents,
and a hose attachment suitable for applying bituminous material to areas not accessible with distributor spray
bar. The distributor shall be equipped for circulation and agitation of bituminous material during the heating
process.
1.5.2 Single-Pass, Surface-Treatment Machines
The machines shall be capable of spraying bituminous material and spreading aggregate in one pass. Bituminous
spraying equipment shall conform to the requirements given above for a bituminous distributor. The machine shall
be capable of spreading aggregates at controlled amounts per square yard as specified. In addition, the single-pass,
surface-treatment machine shall be capable of placing a surface treatment adjacent to an existing surface treatment,
forming a joint of the same thickness and uniformity as other portions of the surface treatment. Ridges or blank
spaces will not be permitted. Joints in the second application shall be formed at least 300 mm 1 foot from those
formed in the first application.
1.5.3 Heating Equipment for Storage Tanks
The equipment shall consist of coils and equipment for producing steam or hot oil and be designed to prevent
the introduction of steam or hot oil into the material. An armored thermometer with a range of 35 to 200 degrees
C 100 to 400 degrees F shall be affixed to the tank so the temperature of the bituminous material may be determined
at all times.
1.5.4 Power Rollers
Power rollers shall be steel-wheeled or pneumatic-tired type, conforming to the following requirements:
a. Steel-wheeled rollers shall have at least one steel drum and weigh a minimum of 4 metric
tons 5 tons. Steel wheels of the rollers shall be equipped with adjustable scrapers.
b. Pneumatic-tired rollers shall be self-propelled and have wheels mounted on two axles in
such manner that the rear tires will not follow in the tracks of the forward group. Tires shall
be uniformly inflated to not less than 414 kPa 60 psi nor more than 552 kPa 80 psi pressure.
The pneumatic-tired rollers shall be equipped with boxes or platforms for ballast loading and
shall be loaded so that the tire print width of each wheel is not less than the clear distance
between tire prints.
1.5.5 Mechanical Spreaders
The spreaders shall be adjustable and capable of spreading aggregate at controlled amounts per square yard, as
specified.
1.5.6 Brooms and Blowers
The machines shall be of the power type, capable of cleaning surfaces to be treated.
1.5.7 Scales
The scales shall be standard truck scales of the beam type equipped with a weight-recording device. The scales
shall be sufficient in size and capacity to accommodate the trucks used in hauling aggregates. The scales shall
be tested and approved by an inspector of the State Inspection Bureau charged with scale inspection within the
state in which the project is located. If an official of the inspection bureau is not available, the scales
shall be tested in accordance with state specifications in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Keep the
necessary number of standard weights on hand, at all times, for testing the scales.
1.5.8 Weighhouse
Provide a weatherproof weighhouse constructed in a manner to afford adequate protection for the indicating and
recording devices of the scales.
1.6 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Waybills and Delivery Tickets
Copies of waybills and delivery tickets during progress of the work.
Cutback Asphalt
Asphalt Cement
Temperature-viscosity relationship of cutback asphalt and asphalt cement.
SD-06 Test Reports
Tests
Copies of test results, within 24 hours after completion of each test.
1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.7.1 Safety Precautions
[No smoking, or open flames shall be permitted within 8 m 25 feetof heating, distributing, or transferring operations
of bituminous materials other than bituminous emulsions.] [When tar is used, a full-face, organic, vapor-type
respirator and protective creams shall be used by personnel exposed to fumes. Protective creams shall not substitute
for cover clothing.]
1.7.2 Sampling and Testing
Sampling and testing is the responsibility of the Contractor. Sampling and testing shall be performed by an
approved commercial testing laboratory, or by the Contractor, subject to approval. Sampling shall be in accordance
with ASTM D 75 for aggregates and ASTM D 140 for bituminous material, unless otherwise directed. Perform aggregate
gradation tests on each sample in accordance with ASTM C 136. Perform all other aggregate tests on the initial
source samples and repeat tests when there is a change of source. Perform sieve analyses daily from material
samples. The tests shall include an analysis of each gradation of material. Perform tests in sufficient number
to ensure that materials meet specified requirements.
1.7.3 Wear Test
Perform the wear test in accordance with ASTM C 131 to ensure that aggregates have a percentage of wear not exceeding
40 percent after 500 revolutions. One test shall be performed for every [_____] [metric tons tons] [cubic meters
yards] of aggregates in stockpiles or at the source.
1.7.4 Soundness Test
NOTE: The magnesium-sulfate soundness test is to be used in excluding aggregates
known to be unsatisfactory or for evaluating aggregates from new sources. The
maximum allowable percentage of loss will be inserted in the blank and normally
should be within the range of 10 to 15 percent. The values used will be based
on knowledge of aggregates in the area that have been previously approved or
that have a satisfactory service record in bituminous pavement construction
for at least 5 years and will assure that aggregates from new sources will be
equal to or better than these aggregates.
Perform the soundness test as specified by ASTM C 88 to ensure that aggregates have a weight loss not greater
than [_____][12] percent when subjected to five cycles of the magnesium sulfate test. One test shall be performed
for every [_____][metric tons tons][cubic meters yards] of aggregates in stockpiles or at the source.
1.7.5 Stripping Test
Perform stripping tests meeting the requirements of ASTM D 3625. Deleterious substances shall not exceed the
requirements of ASTM D 1139.
1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Inspect the materials delivered to the site for contamination and damage. Unload and store the materials with
a minimum of handling. Store aggregates preventing segregation and contamination.
1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Apply bituminous surface treatment only when the existing surface or base course is dry or contains moisture
not in excess of the amount that will permit uniform distribution and the desired adhesion. Bituminous surface
treatment shall not be applied when either the atmospheric temperature, in the shade, is below [10][15.5] degrees
C [50][60] degrees F or the pavement surface to be treated is below 20 degrees C 70 degrees F unless otherwise
directed.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
NOTE: Delete designations, materials, grades, and aggregate sizes which are
not available or desirable for the project. In selecting alternate materials,
consider the cost effect of competition between materials along with engineering
considerations.
Use mineral aggregate and bituminous material of the following types, gradations, grades, and consistencies that
meet the requirements of stripping, wear, and soundness tests as specified in paragraph SAMPLING AND TESTING.
2.1.1 Mineral Aggregate
NOTE: The desired gradations to be used for the project will be specified.
For single surface treatment, select the required gradation from the table for
single bituminous surface treatment. For double surface treatment, select the
required gradations (either No. 1 and No. 2 or No. 3 and No. 4) from the table
for double bituminous surface treatment.
Provide aggregate consisting of crushed stone, crushed gravel, or crushed slag of such nature that thorough coating
of bituminous material, used in the work, will not strip off upon contact with water. Moisture content of the
aggregate shall be such that the aggregate will be readily coated with the bituminous material. Drying may be
required, as directed. Aggregate shall conform to the gradation shown below. Determine gradation of the aggregates
by ASTM C 136.
AGGREGATE GRADATION
SINGLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
_________________ _____ _____ _____
25.0 mm 100 -- --
19.0 mm 90-100 100 --
12.5 mm 20-55 90-100 100
9.5 mm 0-15 40-70 85-100
4.75 mm 0-5 0-15 10-30
2.36 mm -- 0-5 0-10
1.18 mm -- -- 0-5
AGGREGATE GRADATION
SINGLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
_________________ _____ _____ _____
1 inch 100 -- --
3/4 inch 90-100 100 --
1/2 inch 20-55 90-100 100
3/8 inch 0-15 40-70 85-100
No. 4 0-5 0-15 10-30
No. 8 -- 0-5 0-10
No. 16 -- -- 0-5
AGGREGATE GRADATION
DOUBLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
_________________ _____ _____ _____ _____
25.0 mm 100 -- -- --
19.0 mm 90-100 -- 100 --
12.5 mm 20-55 100 90-100 --
9.5 mm 0-15 85-100 40-70 100
4.75 mm 0-5 10-30 0-15 85-100
2.36 mm -- 0-10 0-5 10-40
1.18 mm -- 0-5 -- 0-10
0.30 mm -- -- -- 0-5
AGGREGATE GRADATION
DOUBLE BITUMINOUS SURFACE TREATMENT
(PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
Sieve Designation No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4
_________________ _____ _____ _____ _____
1 inch 100 -- -- --
3/4 inch 90-100 -- 100 --
1/2 inch 20-55 100 90-100 --
3/8 inch 0-15 85-100 40-70 100
No. 4 0-5 10-30 0-15 85-100
No. 8 -- 0-10 0-5 10-40
No. 16 -- 0-5 -- 0-10
No. 50 -- -- -- 0-5
2.1.1.1 Crushed Stone
Provide crushed stone consisting of clean, sound, durable particles, free of soft or disintegrated pieces, dust,
or foreign matter.
2.1.1.2 Crushed Gravel
Provide crushed gravel consisting of clean, sound, durable particles, free of soft or disintegrated pieces or
foreign matter. At least 90 percent by weight of the particles shall have at least two fractured faces.
2.1.1.3 Crushed Slag
Provide crushed slag which is an air-cooled blast-furnace product having a dry weight of not less than 1120 kg/cubic
meter 70 pcf, and consists of angular particles uniform in density and quality and free of dust and foreign matter.
Determine the weight of a cubic meter foot of slag aggregate by ASTM C 29/C 29M.
2.1.1.4 Aggregate Quantities
The bituminous material and aggregate shall be spread within the quantity limits shown below. The individual
quantities of bituminous material and aggregate may be varied to meet specific field conditions at all times
during progress of the work, as directed, without adjustments to contract unit prices. Aggregate weights shown
are for aggregates having a specific gravity of 2.65. If the specific gravity of the aggregate used is other
than 2.65, appropriate adjustments shall be made in number of kg pounds required to ensure a constant volume
of aggregate per square meter yard of treatment.
QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE METER
[FOR SINGLE SURFACE TREATMENT]
Bituminous
Gradation Material Aggregate
No. (Liter) (Kilograms)
__________ ____________ _______________
1 1.36-2.04 19-27
2 0.68-1.36 11-19
3 0.45-0.91 8-14
QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE YARD
[FOR SINGLE SURFACE TREATMENT]
Bituminous
Gradation Material Aggregate
No. (Gallons) (Pounds)
__________ ____________ _______________
1 0.30-0.45 35-50
2 0.15-0.30 20-35
3 0.10-0.20 15-25
QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE METER)
[FOR DOUBLE SURFACE TREATMENT]
Bituminous Bituminous
Material Aggregate Material Aggregate
(Liters) (Kilograms) (Liters) (Kilograms)
Gradation First First Second Second
No. Application Spreading Application Application
_________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________
1 0.91-1.36 15-18 -- --
2 -- -- 0.91-1.36 11-14
3 0.68-0.91 11-14 -- --
4 -- -- 0.68-0.91 5-8
QUANTITIES (PER SQUARE YARD)
[FOR DOUBLE SURFACE TREATMENT]
Bituminous Bituminous
Material Aggregate Material Aggregate
(Gallons) (Pounds) (Gallons) (Pounds)
Gradation First First Second Second
No. Application Spreading Application Application
_________ ___________ _________ ___________ ___________
1 0.20-0.30 28-34 -- --
2 -- -- 0.20-0.30 20-25
3 0.15-0.20 20-25 -- --
4 -- -- 0.15-0.20 10-15
2.1.2 Bituminous Materials
NOTE: In some states and localities, the use of cutback asphalt is prohibited
or curtailed by local air pollution regulations. In areas where cutback asphalt
is restricted by air pollution regulations, asphalt cement or emulsified asphalt
should be used. Tar should generally be used only where the surface course
of the pavement is of tar concrete. Tar grades are listed in order of preference
for most normal applications. RC-800 is most commonly recommended for surface
treatments. Where cooler temperatures are anticipated, use of RC-250 may be
desirable. The type of cutback or emulsion to be used will depend on local
conditions and temperature; and these factors must be carefully considered in
making the selection for surface treatments. Where cooler temperatures are
anticipated, preference should be given to the use of 200-300 grade asphalt
cement.
2.1.2.1 Cutback Asphalt
Rapid curing cutback asphalt shall conform to ASTM D 2028, Designation [RC-250] [RC-800] [RC-3000].
2.1.2.2 Emulsified Asphalt
Rapid-setting emulsified asphalt shall conform to ASTM D 977, Grade RS-1 or RS-2 or ASTM D 2397, Grade CRS-1
or CRS-2.
2.1.2.3 Asphalt Cement
Asphalt cement shall conform to ASTM D 946, Penetration Grade [120-150] [200-300] or ASTM D 3381, Viscosity Grade
[AC-2.5] [AC-5] [AC-10] [AC-20] [AR2000].
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION
Immediately before applying the first course of bituminous material, clean the surface of loose material with
power brooms or power blowers. Take care to remove all dirt, clay, and other loose or foreign matter. Flush
the surface with water, when necessary to achieve a clean surface, only when directed by the Contracting Officer;
allow the surface to dry after flushing.
3.2 APPLICATION OF FIRST COURSE
3.2.1 Bituminous Material
NOTE: Application temperatures will vary with the grade of asphalt or tar used.
Recommended materials and application temperatures may be found in paragraph
APPLICATION TEMPERATURE OF MATERIALS, below and in Asphalt Institute Publications:
Asphalt Surface Treatments - Specifications (publication No. ES-11) and Asphalt
Surface Treatments - Construction Techniques (publication No. ES-12).
Apply bituminous material by means of a bituminous distributor at the temperature specified in paragraph APPLICATION
TEMPERATURE OF MATERIALS,below or as directed; and within the limits specified in paragraph QUANTITY LIMITS in
PART 1. Apply bituminous material in such a manner that uniform distribution is obtained over all surfaces treated.
Unless the distributor is equipped to obtain a satisfactory result at the junction of previous and subsequent
applications, building paper shall be spread on the surface for a sufficient distance back from the ends of each
application so that flow through the sprays may be started and stopped on the paper in order that all sprays
will operate at full force on the surface treated. Immediately after application, remove and destroy the building
paper. Areas inaccessible to the distributor shall be properly treated with bituminous material using the hose
attachment. Protect adjacent buildings, structures, and trees to prevent their being spattered or marred.
3.2.2 Spreading of Aggregate
Immediately following application of bituminous material, spread aggregate uniformly over the surface within
the limits of the quantities specified in paragraph QUANTITY LIMITS in PART 1. Spreading shall be done with
mechanical spreaders. Spread aggregate evenly by hand on all areas missed by the mechanical spreader. Equipment
spreading aggregate shall be operated backwards, so that the bituminous material will be covered ahead of the
truck wheels. When hand spreading is employed on inaccessible areas, spread aggregate directly from trucks.
Additional aggregate shall be spread by hand over areas having insufficient cover, and spreading shall continue
during these operations when necessary.
3.2.3 Brooming and Rolling
Roll the surface with a pneumatic-tired and a steel-wheeled roller after sufficient aggregate is spread. Continue
rolling until no more aggregate can be worked into the treated surface. The use of the steel-wheeled roller
will be discontinued, or a lighter weight steel wheel roller substituted, as directed, if the roller being used
causes excessive crushing and shattering of the aggregate. If the aggregate is not distributed properly, broom
the surface as soon as possible after the first coverage by the roller, but not until the surface has set sufficiently
to prevent excessive marking. Brooming, rolling, and supplemental spreading of aggregate shall continue until
the surface is cured and rolled sufficiently to key and set the aggregate. In places not accessible to rollers,
compact the aggregate with pneumatic tampers. Aggregate that becomes contaminated with foreign matter shall
be removed, replaced with clean aggregate, and rerolled, as directed. Maintain and protect the treated areas
by use of barricades for a period not to exceed 30 days.
3.3 APPLICATION OF SECOND COURSE
3.3.1 Bituminous Treatment
Apply the bituminous material for the second course within 48 hours after construction of the first course, weather
permitting. Remove excess aggregate prior to the second application of bituminous material. If the treated
surface is excessively moistened by rain, allow the surface to dry for such time as deemed necessary. Perform
the second application of bituminous material in the manner specified in paragraph APPLICATION OF FIRST COURSE,
including temperature and QUANTITY LIMITS.
3.3.2 Aggregate
Immediately following the second application of bitumen, aggregate conforming to the gradation and limits specified
in paragraph QUANTITY LIMITS shall be spread uniformly over the bituminous material and processed in the manner
specified for the first course.
3.3.3 Brooming and Rolling Second Course
The surface shall be rolled and broomed in the manner specified for the first course until a thoroughly bonded,
smooth, even-textured surface is produced. Sweep off the surface surplus aggregate and remove it prior to final
acceptance.
3.4 APPLICATION TEMPERATURE OF MATERIALS
3.4.1 Cutback Asphalt
Use Saybolt Furol as necessary to provide an application viscosity between 0.00004 and 0.00012 square meter per
second 40 and 120 centistokes, kinematic or 20 and 60 seconds.
3.4.2 Emulsified Asphalt
Within the following ranges:
RS-1: 21.1-60 degrees C 70-140 degrees F.
RS-2, CRS-1 and CSR-2: 51.7-85 degrees C 125-185 degrees F.
3.4.3 Asphalt Cement
Use Saybolt Furol as necessary to provide an application viscosity between 0.00004 and 0.00012 square meter per
second 40 and 120 centistokes, kinematic or 20 and 60 seconds.
3.5 TRIAL APPLICATION
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted if project size does not warrant trial
application.
Preliminary to providing a complete surface treatment, treat [three] [_____] lengths of at least 30.5 m 100 feet
each for the full width of the distributor bar. Use the appropriate typical application rates specified herein
for one surface treatment trial. Make other surface treatment trials using various amounts of materials as may
be deemed necessary.
3.6 PROTECTION
Keep all traffic off surfaces freshly treated with bituminous material. Provide sufficient warning signs and
barricades so that traffic will not travel over freshly treated surfaces. Protect the treated areas from traffic
for at least 24 hours after final application of bituminous material and aggregate, or for such time as necessary
to prevent picking up. Immediately prior to opening to traffic, roll the entire treated area with a self-propelled
pneumatic-tired roller.