USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 17 23.00 20 (April 2006)
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Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Replacing without change
UFGS-02761N (January 2006)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 32 17 23.00 20
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
04/06
NOTE: This guide specification covers marking and remarking requirements for
airfields, heliports, roads, streets, and parking areas by means of painting
. Where curbs, obstructions, and other appurtenant structures are included
in the work, the same general requirements will apply but hand application with
pneumatic spray guns will be used in these areas.
Criteria and standard requirements for pavement markings are provided in the
following publications:
1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
D6.1d-1986 - Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways
2. Naval Air System Command Publication:
NAVAIR 51-50AAA-2 - Shorebased Airfield Marking and Lighting.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestion on this specification are welcome and should be directed
to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of the technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
NOTE: On the project drawings, show location, width, type, and color of the
paint markings to be used.
NOTE: When the use of pavement marking materials (epoxy, thermoplastic, and
preformed) which perform better than paint is desired for new pavement in Virginia
and North Carolina, contact NAVFAC Mid-Lant for sample section.
When applied to pavements with high daily vehicular traffic, High Build Acrylic
Coating (HBAC) performs similar to epoxy, thermoplastic, and preformed.
NOTE: Delete notes, explanations, or elective guidance enclosed by parentheses
or bordered by dotted lines before publishing this document as a project specification.
For Air Force applications, coordinate other deviations from this guide specification
with the MAJCOM Pavements Engineer prior to advertising a request for bids.
The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product,
commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by any
Branch of the U.S. Military.
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to in the text by the basic designation only.
[ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 2240(2005) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Durometer HardnessASTM D 2621(1987; R 2005) Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids from Solvent-Reducible PaintsASTM D 2697(2003; R 2008) Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented CoatingsASTM D 3335(1985a; R 2005) Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyASTM D 3718(1985a; R 2005) Low Concentrations of Chromium in Paint by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyASTM D 3924(1980; R 2005) Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsASTM D 3960(2005) Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsASTM D 4280(2008) Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised, Retroreflective Pavement MarkersASTM D 4505(2005) Preformed Retroflective Pavement Marking Tape for Extended Service LifeASTM D 4541(2002) Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersASTM D 471(2006; R 2008) Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Effect of LiquidsASTM D 522(1993a; R 2008) Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic CoatingsASTM D 711(1989; R 2004) No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic PaintASTM D 792(2008) Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementASTM D 823(1995; R 2007) Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels.ASTM E 28(1999; R 2004) Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring and Ball ApparatusASTM G 53(1996) Operating Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials][INTERNATIONAL CONCRETE REPAIR INSTITUTE (ICRI)ICRI 03732(1997) Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymer Overlays][U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)FED-STD-595(Rev B; Am 1) Colors Used in Government ProcurementFS A-A-2886(Rev A)Paint, Traffic, Solvent BasedFS TT-B-1325(Rev C) Beads (Glass Spheres) Retro-Reflective (Metric)FS TT-P-1952(Rev D) Paint, Traffic and Airfield Markings, Waterborne]1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Submittals must be limited to those necessary for adequate quality control.
The importance of an item in the project should be one of the primary factors
in determining if a submittal for the item should be required.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy projects.
Submittal items not designated with a "G" are considered as being for information
only for Army projects and for Contractor Quality Control approval for Navy
projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for information only or as otherwise designated. When used, a designation following the "G" designation
identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be submitted in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Reflective media for airfields
Reflective media for roads and streets
Paints for airfields
Paints for roads and streets
High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC); G
Thermoplastic compound
Raised Pavement Markers and Adhesive
Equipment; G, [_____]
Lists of proposed equipment, including descriptive data, and notifications of proposed Contractor
actions as specified in this section. List of removal equipment shall include descriptive data
indicating area of coverage per pass, pressure adjustment range, tank and flow capacities, and
safety precautions required for the equipment operation.
Qualifications
Documentation on personnel qualifications, as specified.
SD-06 Test Reports
Reflective media for airfields
Reflective media for roads and streets
Paints for airfields
Paints for roads and streets
High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC); G
Thermoplastic compound
Raised Pavement Markers and Adhesive
Certified reports from sampling and testing made in accordance with paragraph entitled "Sampling
and Testing" prior to the use of the materials at the jobsite. Testing shall be performed in
an approved independent laboratory.
SD-07 Certificates
Reflective media for airfields
Reflective media for roads and streets
Paints for airfields
Paints for roads and streets
Volatile Organic Compound, (VOC)
Certificate stating that the proposed pavement marking paint meets the VOC regulations of
the local Air Pollution Control District having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which
the project is located.
Thermoplastic compound
Construction equipment list
SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions
Paints for airfields
Paints for roads and streets
Thermoplastic compound
Submit manufacturer's Material Safety Data Sheets.
1.3 DELIVERY AND STORAGE
Deliver paints, paint materials and thermoplastic compound materials in original sealed containers that plainly
show the designated name, specification number, batch number, color, date of manufacture, manufacturer's directions,
and name of manufacturer. Provide storage facilities at the job site[, only in areas approved by the Contracting
Officer or authorized representative,] for maintaining materials at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
[Make available paint stored at the project site or segregated at the source for sampling not less than 30 days
prior to date of required approval for use to allow sufficient time for testing. Notify the Contracting Officer
when paint is available for sampling.]
1.4 WEATHER LIMITATIONS
NOTE: If emergency marking at temperatures from - 1 degrees C 30 degrees F
to 5 degrees C 40 degrees F is required, follow the requirements of Air Force
Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 97-16 "Pavement Marking System for Low Temperature
Applications."
NOTE: For Air Force marking operations change the lower limit to be above 7
degrees C 45 degrees F .
Apply paint to clean, dry surfaces, and unless otherwise approved, only when the air and pavement surface temperature
is at least 2.7 degrees C 5 degrees above the dew point and the air and pavement temperatures are above 5 degrees
C 40 degrees F and less than 35 degrees C 95 degrees F for oil-based materials; above 10 degrees C 50 degrees
F and less than 43 degrees C 110 degrees F for water-based materials. Maintain paint temperature within these
same limits.
1.5 EQUIPMENT
Machines, tools, and equipment used in the performance of the work shall be approved by the Contracting Officer
and maintained in satisfactory operating condition. Submit construction equipment list for approval by the Contracting
Officer.
1.5.1 Mobile and Maneuverable
Application equipment shall be mobile and maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed and
normal curves can be made in a true arc.
1.5.2 Paint Application Equipment
NOTE: Where pavement marking is limited to small street and parking areas,
use the paragraph entitled "Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines."
NOTE: Select the applicable paragraph(s) from the following:
[1.5.2.1 Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines
[Provide hand-operated push-type applicator machine of a type commonly used for application of paint to pavement
surfaces. Paint applicator machine shall be acceptable for marking small street and parking areas. Applicator
machine shall be equipped with the necessary paint tanks and spraying nozzles, and shall be capable of applying
paint uniformly at coverage specified.] Applicator for water-based markings shall be equipped with non-stick
coated hoses; metal parts in contact with the paint material shall be constructed of grade 302, 304, 316, or
equal stainless steel.]
[1.5.2.2 Self-Propelled or Mobile-Drawn Pneumatic Spraying Machines
NOTE: For Air Force applications use the bracketed option with the smaller
width of 102 mm 4 inches for Navy and Army applications use the bracketed option
with the larger width of 150 mm 6 inches.
[Provide self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine with suitable arrangements of atomizing nozzles
and controls to obtain the specified results. Provide machine having a speed during application capable of applying
the stripe widths indicated at the paint coverage rate specified herein and of even uniform thickness with clear-cut
edges.] [Provide equipment used for marking streets and highways capable of placing the prescribed number of
lines at a single pass as solid lines, intermittent lines, or a combination of solid and intermittent lines using
a maximum of three different colors of paint as specified.] [The equipment for applying the paint for airfield
pavements shall be a self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine with an arrangement of atomizing
nozzles capable of applying a width of line at any one time in multiples of [150 mm 6 inches, from 150 to 900
mm 6 to 36 inches][102 mm 4 inches, from 102 mm to 1m4 inches to 3 feet at a speed of at least 5 miles per hour]
.] Provide paint applicator with paint reservoirs or tanks of sufficient capacity and suitable gages to apply
paint in accordance with requirements specified. Equip tanks with suitable air-driven mechanical agitators.
Equip spray mechanism with quick-action valves conveniently located, and include necessary pressure regulators
and gages in full view and reach of the operator. Install paint strainers in paint supply lines to ensure freedom
from residue and foreign matter that may cause malfunction of the spray guns. The paint applicator shall be
readily adaptable for attachment of an air-actuated dispenser for the reflective media approved for use. Provide
pneumatic spray guns for hand application of paint in areas where the mobile paint applicator cannot be used.]
Applicator for water-based markings shall be equipped with non-stick coated hoses; metal parts in contact with
the paint material shall be constructed of grade 302, 304, 316, or equal stainless steel.
1.5.3 Thermoplastic Application Equipment
1.5.3.1 Thermoplastic Material
Thermoplastic material shall be applied to the primed pavement surface by spray techniques or by the extrusion
method, wherein one side of the shaping die is the pavement and the other three sides are contained by, or are
part of, suitable equipment for heating and controlling the flow of material. By either method, the markings
shall be applied with equipment that is capable of providing continuous uniformity in the dimensions of the stripe.
1.5.3.2 Application Equipment
a. Application equipment shall provide continuous mixing and agitation of the material. Conveying parts
of the equipment between the main material reservoir and the extrusion shoe or spray gun shall prevent
accumulation and clogging. All parts of the equipment which come into contact with the material shall
be easily accessible and exposable for cleaning and maintenance. All mixing and conveying parts up to
and including the extrusion shoes and spray guns shall maintain the material at the required temperature
with heat-transfer oil or electrical-element-controlled heat.
b. The application equipment shall be constructed to ensure continuous uniformity in the dimensions
of the stripe. The applicator shall provide a means for cleanly cutting off stripe ends squarely and
shall provide a method of applying "skiplines". The equipment shall be capable of applying varying widths
of traffic markings.
c. The applicator shall be equipped with a drop-on type bead dispenser capable of uniformly dispensing
reflective glass spheres at controlled rates of flow. The bead dispenser shall be automatically operated
and shall begin flow prior to the flow of composition to assure that the strip is fully reflectorized.
1.5.3.3 Mobile and Maneuverable
Application equipment shall be mobile and maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed and
normal curves can be made in a true arc. The equipment used for the placement of thermoplastic pavement markings
shall be of two general types: mobile applicator and portable applicator.
1.5.3.4 Mobile Application Equipment
The mobile applicator shall be defined as a truck-mounted, self-contained pavement marking machine that is capable
of hot applying thermoplastic by either the extrusion or spray method. The unit shall be equipped to apply the
thermoplastic marking material at temperatures exceeding 190 degrees C 375 degrees F, at widths varying from
75 to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches and in thicknesses varying from 1.0 to 5.0 mm 0.040 to 0.200 inch and shall have
an automatic drop-on bead system. The mobile unit shall be capable of operating continuously and of installing
a minimum of 6 km 20,000 lineal feet of longitudinal markings in an 8-hour day.
The mobile unit shall be equipped with a melting kettle which holds a minimum of 2.7 metric tons 6000 pounds
of molten thermoplastic material. The kettle shall be capable of heating the thermoplastic composition to temperatures
of 190 to 218 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F. A thermostatically controlled heat transfer liquid shall be used.
Heating of the composition by direct flame shall not be allowed. Oil and material temperature gauges shall be
visible at both ends of the kettle. [The mobile unit shall be equipped with a minimum of two extrusion shoes
located one on each side of the truck, and shall be capable of marking simultaneous edgeline and centerline stripes.
Each extrusion shoe shall be a closed, oil-jacketed unit; shall hold the molten thermoplastic at a temperature
of 190 to 218 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F; and shall be capable of extruding a line of 75 to 200 mm 3 to 8
inches in width; and at a thickness of not less than 3 mm 0.120 inch nor more than 5.0 mm 0.190 inch, and of
generally uniform cross section.] [The mobile unit shall be equipped with a spray gun system. The spray system
shall consist of a minimum of four spray guns, located two on each side of the truck, and shall be capable of
marking simultaneous edgeline and centerline stripes. The spray system shall be surrounded (jacketed) with heating
oil to maintain the molten thermoplastic at a temperature of 190 to 218 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F; and shall
be capable of spraying a stripe of 75 to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches in width, and in thicknesses varying from 1.5
mm 0.060 inch to 2.5 mm 0.098 inch, and of generally uniform cross section.]
The mobile unit shall be equipped with an electronic programmable line pattern control system. The control system
shall be capable of applying skip or solid lines in any sequence, through any and all of the extrusion shoes,
or the spray guns, and in programmable cycle lengths. In addition, the mobile unit shall be equipped with an
automatic counting mechanism capable of recording the number of lineal meters feet of thermoplastic markings
applied to the pavement surface with an accuracy of 0.5 percent.
1.5.3.5 Portable Application Equipment
The portable applicator shall be defined as hand-operated equipment, specifically designed for placing special
markings such as crosswalks, stopbars, legends, arrows, and short lengths of lane, edge and centerlines. The
portable applicator shall be capable of applying thermoplastic pavement markings by the extrusion method. The
portable applicator shall be loaded with hot thermoplastic composition from the melting kettles on the mobile
applicator. The portable applicator shall be equipped with all the necessary components, including a materials
storage reservoir, bead dispenser, extrusion shoe, and heating accessories, so as to be capable of holding the
molten thermoplastic at a temperature of 190 to 218 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F, of extruding a line of 75
to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches in width, and in thickness of not less than 3 mm nor more than 5 mm 0.120 inch nor more
than 0.190 inch and of generally uniform cross section.
1.5.4 Reflective Media Dispenser
The dispenser for applying the reflective media shall be attached to the paint dispenser and shall operate automatically
and simultaneously with the applicator through the same control mechanism. The dispenser shall be capable of
adjustment and designed to provide uniform flow of reflective media over the full length and width of the stripe
at the rate of coverage specified in paragraph APPLICATION, at all operating speeds of the applicator to which
it is attached.
1.5.5 Preformed Tape Application Equipment
Mechanical application equipment shall be used for the placement of preformed marking tape. Mechanical application
equipment shall be defined as a mobile pavement marking machine specifically designed for use in applying precoated,
pressure-sensitive pavement marking tape of varying widths, up to 300 mm 12 inches. The applicator shall be
equipped with rollers, or other suitable compactive device, to provide initial adhesion of the preformed, pressure-sensitive
marking tape with the pavement surface. Additional hand-operated rollers shall be used as required to properly
seat the thermoplastic tape.
1.5.6 Surface Preparation Equipment
1.5.6.1 Sandblasting Equipment
Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles of proper size and capacity as required
for cleaning surfaces to be painted. The compressor shall be capable of furnishing not less than 70.8 L/sec
150 cfm of air at a pressure of not less than 620 kPa 90 psi at each nozzle used, and shall be equipped with
traps that will maintain the compressed air free of oil and water.
1.5.6.2 Waterblast Equipment
The water pressure shall be specified at 17.9 MPa 2600 psi at 60 degrees C 140 degrees F in order to adequately
clean the surfaces to be marked. [Water will be furnished at no cost to the Contractor from a fire hydrant designated
by the Contracting Officer or authorized representative and located within a reasonable proximity to the work
area. The Contractor shall install a gate valve and a back-flow prevention device on the fire hydrant tap.
The Contractor shall furnish all equipment, material, and labor required to obtain and deliver water from the
designated fire hydrant to the work area(s).]
1.5.7 Marking Removal Equipment
Equipment shall be mounted on rubber tires and shall be capable of removing markings from the pavement without
damaging the pavement surface or joint sealant. Waterblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable,
pressurized stream of water. Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles. The
compressor shall be equipped with traps to maintain the air free of oil and water.
1.5.7.1 Shotblasting Equipment
Shotblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable depth of removal of marking and pavement.
Each unit shall be self-cleaning and self-contained, shall be able to confine dust and debris from the operation,
and shall be capable of recycling the abrasive for reuse.
1.5.7.2 Chemical Equipment
Chemical equipment shall be capable of application and removal of chemicals from the pavement surface, and shall
leave only non-toxic biodegradeable residue.
1.5.8 Traffic Controls
NOTE: Guidance for traffic control procedures can be obtained from the Manual
on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) for Streets and Highways.
Suitable warning signs shall be placed near the beginning of the worksite and well ahead of the worksite for
alerting approaching traffic from both directions. Small markers shall be placed along newly painted lines or
freshly placed raised markers to control traffic and prevent damage to newly painted surfaces or displacement
of raised pavement markers. Painting equipment shall be marked with large warning signs indicating slow-moving
painting equipment in operation.
1.6 MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC
1.6.1 Airfield
The performance of work in the controlled zones of airfields shall be coordinated with the Contracting Officer
and with the Flight Operations Officer. Verbal communications shall be maintained with the control tower before
and during work in the controlled zones of the airfield. The control tower shall be advised when the work is
completed. A radio for this purpose [will be provided by the Government. The Contractor shall assume responsibility
for the radio and shall reimburse the Government for repair or replacement of the radio if it is lost, damaged,
or destroyed] [shall be provided by the Contractor and approved by the Contracting Officer].
1.6.2 Lighting
When night operations are necessary, all necessary lighting and equipment shall be provided. Lighting shall
be directed or shaded to prevent interference with aircraft, the air traffic control tower, and other base operations.
All lighting and related equipment shall be capable of being removed from the runway within 15 minutes of notification
of an emergency. Night work must be coordinated with the Airfield Manager and approved in advance by the Contracting
Officer or authorized representative. The Government reserves the right to accept or reject night work on the
day following night activities by the Contractor.
1.6.3 Roads, Streets, and Parking Areas
When traffic must be rerouted or controlled to accomplish the work, the necessary warning signs, flagpersons,
and related equipment for the safe passage of vehicles shall be provided.
1.7 WEATHER LIMITATIONS FOR REMOVAL
Pavement surface shall be free of snow, ice, or slush. Surface temperature shall be at least 5 degrees C 40
degrees F and rising at the beginning of operations, except those involving shot or sand blasting. Operation
shall cease during thunderstorms. Operation shall cease during rainfall, except for waterblasting and removal
of previously applied chemicals. Waterblasting shall cease where surface water accumulation alters the effectiveness
of material removal.
1.8 QUALIFICATIONS
The Contractor shall submit documentation certifying that pertinent personnel are qualified for equipment operation
and handling of chemicals.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
NOTE: Use Either FS TT-P-1952, a water-emulsion marking paint, or High Build
Acrylic Coating (HBAC) on asphaltic pavement and pavements in areas where air
pollution by organic solvents is a problem. On concrete pavements where air
pollution by organic solvents is not a problem, FS TT-P-1952 or FS A-A-2886
paint may be used.
HBAC is suitable for reflective and nonreflective use and can be applied at
twice the thickness of conventional marking paints. The paint produces upraised
markings and is appropriate for use in marking crosswalks, stop legends, railroad
crossings, lettering, centerlines, skip lines, and edge lines. HBAC at a thickness
beyond that of conventional marking paints is not intended for use on pavements
with snowplow use. However, application at standard thickness is acceptable
on surfaces employing snowplows.
Use either HBAC or thermoplastic markings to reduce maintenance costs in the
desert areas, where painted markings are susceptible to a "sandblasting" effect
during high winds.
Provide materials conforming to the requirements specified herein.
NOTE: For LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects only. When the use of pavement marking
materials (epoxy, thermoplastic, and preformed) which perform better than paint
is desired for new pavement in Virginia and North Carolina, contact LANTNAVFACENGCOM
for sample section.
When applied to pavements with high daily vehicular traffic, High Build Acrylic
Coating (HBAC) performs similar to epoxy, thermoplastic, and preformed.
2.1.1 Paints for Airfields
[FS A-A-2886] [FS TT-P-1952], color as [indicated] [selected].
2.1.2 Paints for Roads and Streets
[FS A-A-2886] [FS TT-P-1952][High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC)] , color as [indicated] [selected].
2.1.3 Reflective Media for Airfields
FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A.
2.1.4 Reflective Media for Roads and Streets
FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A.
2.1.5 Thermoplastic Compound
The thermoplastic reflectorized pavement marking compound shall be extruded or sprayed in a molten state onto
a primed pavement surface. Following a surface application of glass beads and upon cooling to normal pavement
temperatures, the marking shall be an adherent reflectorized strip of the specified thickness and width that
is capable of resisting deformation by traffic.
2.1.5.1 Composition Requirements
The binder component shall be formulated as a hydrocarbon resin. The pigment, beads and filler shall be uniformly
dispersed in the binder resin. The thermoplastic composition shall be free from all skins, dirt, and foreign
objects and shall comply with the following requirements:
Percent by Weight
Component White Yellow
Binder 17 min 17 min
Titanium dioxide 10 min -
Glass beads 20 min 20 min
Calcium carbonate and inert fillers 49 min *
Yellow pigments - *
*Amount and type of yellow pigment, calcium carbonate and inert fillers shall be at the option of the manufacturer,
providing the other composition requirements of this specification are met.
2.1.5.2 Physical Properties
a. Drying time: When installed at 21 degrees C 70 degrees F and in thicknesses between 3 and
5 mm 0.120 and 0.190 inch, the composition shall be completely solid and shall show no damaging
effect from traffic after curing 15 minutes.
b. Softening point: The composition shall have a softening point of not less than 90 degrees
C 194 degrees F when tested in accordance with ASTM E 28.
c. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of the composition shall be between 1.9 and 2.2
as determined in accordance with ASTM D 792.
2.1.5.3 Primer
a. Asphalt concrete primer: The primer for asphalt concrete pavements shall be a thermosetting
adhesive with a solids content of pigment reinforced synthetic rubber and synthetic plastic
resin dissolved or dispersed in a volatile organic solvent. The solids content shall not be
less than 10 percent by weight at 21 degrees C 70 degrees F and 60 percent relative humidity.
A wet film thickness of 0.13 mm 0.005 inch, plus or minus 0.03 mm 0.001 inch, shall dry to a
tack-free condition in less than 5 minutes.
b. Portland cement concrete primer: The primer for portland cement concrete pavements shall
be an epoxy resin primer. The primer shall be of the type recommended by the manufacturer of
the thermoplastic composition.
2.1.6 PREFORMED TAPE
The preformed tape shall be an adherent reflectorized strip in accordance with ASTM D 4505 Type I or IV, Class
optional.
2.1.7 Raised Pavement Markers
NOTE: Line marker segments having a 1 to 3 ratio of stripe to gap are standard.
Line segments of 3 meters 10 feet with gaps of 9 meters 30 feet are recommended.
When raised pavement markers are used in lieu of striping, the line marker segments
shall have a 3 to 5 ratio of stripe to gap with line segments of 5 meters 15
feet with gaps of 8 meters 25 feet recommended.
Either metallic or nonmetallic markers of the button or prismatic reflector type may be used. Markers shall
be of permanent colors as specified for pavement marking, and shall retain the color and brightness under the
action of traffic. Button markers shall have a diameter of not less than 100 mm 4 inches, and shall be spaced
not more than 12 meters 40 feet apart on solid longitudinal lines. Broken centerline marker spacings shall be
in segments [of [_____]] [indicated] with gaps [of [_____]] [indicated] between segments. Button markers shall
have rounded surfaces presenting a smooth contour to traffic and shall not project more than 3/4 inch above level
of pavement. Pavement markers and adhesive epoxy shall conform to ASTM D 4280
2.1.8 High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC)
Formulate High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) to meet the requirements of Table I.
NOTE: Tables are located at the end of Part 3.
2.1.8.1 Preapproved HBAC Vendors and Materials
Table II presents a partial list of HBAC vendors and materials. Up to specifications's date of issue, preapproved
materials met specification requirements. It is the user's responsibility to confirm preapproved material formulations
have not changed and specification requirements will be met. Other products may meet HBAC requirements.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION
NOTE: Newly laid flexible and rigid pavements require aging prior to painting
in order to obtain satisfactory paint performance. If practicable, all new
pavement surfaces should be at least 30 days old before application of marking
materials. When earlier application of paint is necessary because of operations
requirements, the maximum period practicable should be specified.
Removal of rubber is generally accomplished by water blasting. Few approved
chemical are effective and sandblasting is not permitted by air pollution regulations
at some locations. Mechanical abrasion generally causes damage to the pavement.
Detailed procedures for conducting rubber and paint removal from airfield pavements
are contained in Section 32 01 11.51, RUBBER AND PAINT REMOVAL FROM AIRFIELD
PAVEMENTS.
Existing marking paints with paint build-up greater than 1 mm 40 mils shall
be completely removed in accordance with Section 32 01 11.51, unless crack free
and determined sound. When tested for adhesion (ASTM D 4541), a sound marking
paint must exhibit greater than 0.97 MPa 140 psi adhesion and/or produce 100
percent cohesive failures within the pavement.
Allow new pavement surfaces to cure for a period of not less than [30] [_____] days before application of marking
materials. Thoroughly clean surfaces to be marked before application of the paint. Remove dust, dirt, and other
granular surface deposits by sweeping, blowing with compressed air, rinsing with water, or a combination of these
methods as required. Remove [rubber deposits,] [existing paint markings,] [residual curing compounds,] and other
coatings adhering to the pavement by [water blasting][approved chemical removal method][ according to the removal
requirements and procedures outlined in Section 32 01 11.51]. For Portland Cement Concrete pavement, grinding,
light shot blasting, and light scarification, to a resulting profile equal to ICRI 03732 CSP 2, CSP 3, and CSP
4, respectively, can be used in addition to water blasting, to either remove existing coatings or for surface
preparation on most pavements: shot blasting shall not be used on airfield pavements due to the potential of
Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to aircraft. Scrub affected areas, where oil or grease is present on old pavements
to be marked, with several applications of trisodium phosphate solution or other approved detergent or degreaser
and rinse thoroughly after each application. After cleaning oil-soaked areas, seal with shellac or primer recommended
by the manufacturer to prevent bleeding through the new paint. Do not commence painting in any area until pavement
surfaces are dry and clean.
[3.1.1 Early Painting of Rigid Pavements
Pretreat rigid pavements that require early painting with an aqueous solution containing 3 percent phosphoric
acid and 2 percent zinc chloride. Apply the solution to the areas to be marked.
][3.1.2 Early Painting of Asphalt Pavements
For asphalt pavement systems requiring painting application at less than 30 days, apply the paint and beads at
half the normal application rate, followed by a second application at the normal rate after 30 days.
]3.2 APPLICATION
3.2.1 Testing for Moisture
Apply pavement markings to dry pavement only. The Contractor shall test the pavement surface for moisture before
beginning work after each period of rainfall, fog, high humidity, or cleaning, or when the ambient temperature
has fallen below the dew point. Do not commence marking until the pavement is sufficiently dry and the pavement
condition has been approved by the CO or authorized representative. Employ the "plastic wrap method" to test
the pavement for moisture as follows: Cover the pavement with a 300 mm by 300 mm (12 inch by 12 inch) section
of clear plastic wrap and seal the edges with tape. After 15 minutes, examine the plastic wrap for any visible
moisture accumulation inside the plastic. Do not begin marking operations until the test can be performed with
no visible moisture accumulation inside the plastic wrap.
3.2.2 Rate of Application
NOTE: On new asphaltic surfaces, two coats of marking paint at half the normal
application thickness and with a waiting period of two or more weeks between
coats may be required to reduce surface cracking, paint curling, and marking
paint discoloration.
To reduce FS TT-P-1952 and High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) discoloration on
uncoated asphaltic wearing surfaces, apply a pre-stripe of the above paint at
6.13 square meters per liter 250 square feet per gallon. Pre-stripe shall cure
to a tack-free state prior to paint application at the specified rate.
The High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) can require two or more consecutive coats
to meet the specified rate of application when using an airless spray gun.
3.2.2.1 Reflective Markings
Apply paint evenly to the pavement area to be coated at a rate of 2.5 plus or minus 0.10 square meter per liter
105 plus or minus 5 square feet per gallon. [Apply High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) at a rate of 1.3 square
meters per liter 50 square feet per gallon. ]Apply glass spheres uniformly to the wet paint [on airfield pavement
at a rate of (1198)] [on road and street pavement at a rate of (719)] plus or minus (60) g of glass spheres per
liter [on airfield pavement at a rate of (10)] [on road and street pavement at a rate of (6)] plus or minus (0.5)
pounds of glass spheres per gallon. Collect and record readings for white and yellow retroreflective markings
at the rate of one reading per 300 linear meters 1000 linear feet. The minimum acceptable average for white
markings is 200 millicandelas per square meter per lux (mcd/m2/lx) (measured with Mirolux 12 Retroreflectometer
or similar instrument as agreed). The minimum acceptable average for yellow markings is 175 millicandelas per
square meter per lux (mcd/m2/lx). Readings shall be computed by averaging a minimum of 10 readings taken within
the area at random locations. Areas not meeting the retroreflective requirements stated above shall be re-marked.
3.2.2.2 Nonreflective Markings
Apply paint evenly to the pavement surface to be coated at a rate of 2.5 plus or minus 0.10 square meter per
liter 105 plus or minus 5 square feet per gallon. [Apply High Build Acrylic Coating (HBAC) at a rate of 1.3 square
meters per liter 50 square feet per gallon.]
3.2.2.3 Thermoplastic Compound
After surface preparation has been completed, prime the asphalt or concrete pavement surface with spray equipment.
Allow primer materials to "set-up" prior to applying the thermoplastic composition. [Allow the asphalt concrete
primer to dry to a tack-free condition, usually occurring in less than 10 minutes.] [Allow the Portland Cement
concrete primer to dry in accordance with the thermoplastic manufacturer recommendations. To shorten the curing
time of the epoxy resins, an infrared heating device may be used on the concrete primer.] [Apply asphalt concrete
primer to all asphalt concrete pavements at a wet film thickness of 0.13 mm 0.005 inch, plus or minus 0.03 mm
0.001 inch 6.5 to 10.0 square meters per liter 265 to 400 square feet per gallon.] [Apply portland cement concrete
primer to all concrete pavements (including concrete bridge decks) at a wet film thickness of between 1.0 to
1.3 mm 0.04 to 0.05 inch 7.8 to 10.0 square meters per liter 320 to 400 square feet per gallon.] After the primer
has "set-up", apply the thermoplastic at temperatures no lower than 191 degrees C 375 degrees F nor higher than
218 degrees C 425 degrees F at the point of deposition. Immediately after installation of the marking, apply
drop-on reflective glass spheres mechanically at the rate of 0.24 kg per square meter one pound per 20 square
feet such that the spheres are held by and imbedded in the surface of the molten material. Apply all extruded
thermoplastic markings at the specified width and at a thickness of not less than 3 mm 0.125 inch nor more than
5 mm 0.190 inch. Apply all sprayed thermoplastic markings at the specified width and the thickness designated
in the contract plans. If the plans do not specify a thickness, apply centerline markings at a wet thickness
of 2.3 mm 0.090 inch, plus or minus 0.13 mm 0.005 inch, and edgeline markings at a wet thickness of 1.5 mm 0.060
inch, plus or minus 0.13 mm 0.005 inch.
3.2.3 Painting
Apply paint pneumatically with approved equipment at rate of coverage specified herein. Provide guidelines and
templates as necessary to control paint application. Take special precautions in marking numbers, letters, and
symbols. Manually paint numbers, letters, and symbols. Sharply outline all edges of markings. The maximum
drying time requirements of the paint specifications will be strictly enforced, to prevent undue softening of
bitumen, and pickup, displacement, or discoloration by tires of traffic. Discontinue painting operations if there
is a deficiency in drying of the markings until cause of the slow drying is determined and corrected.
3.2.4 Reflective Media
Application of reflective media shall immediately follow the application of paint. Accomplish drop-on application
of the glass spheres to ensure even distribution at the specified rate of coverage. Should there be malfunction
of either paint applicator or reflective media dispenser, discontinue operations until deficiency is corrected.
3.2.5 Thermoplastic Compound
Place thermoplastic pavement markings upon dry pavement. At the time of installation the pavement surface temperature
shall be a minimum of 5 degrees C 40 degrees F and rising. Thermoplastics, as placed, shall be free from dirt
or tint. Apply all centerline, skipline, edgeline, and other longitudinal type markings with a mobile applicator.
Place all special markings, crosswalks, stop bars, legends, arrows, and similar patterns with a portable applicator,
using the extrusion method.
3.2.6 Raised Pavement Markers
Prefabricated markers shall be aligned carefully at the required spacing or as directed and permanently fixed
in place by means of epoxy adhesives. To ensure good bond, areas where markers will be set shall be thoroughly
cleaned by water blasting and use of compressed air prior to applying adhesive.
3.3 FIELD TESTING, INSPECTION, AND DEMONSTRATIONS
3.3.1 Sampling and Testing
NOTE: The material specifications do not provide for obtaining certified production
data, and the importance of verification testing for each batch where appreciable
quantities are involved is emphasized. Only when the factors of time, value
of material, and its application versus cost of testing and end use of the material
justify a waiver of testing will certification be acceptable.
For projects 3500 square meters 4000 square yards in painted surface area, requirements
for Contractor's testing should be used ad the next to last bracketed sentence
should be left in. For projects less that 3500 square meters 4000 square yards
, delete the next to last sentence and include the last bracketed sentence that
will allow for Government testing is th eContracting Officer deems it necessary.
As soon as the paint [and reflective] [and thermoplastic] materials are available for sampling, obtain by random
selection from the sealed containers, two quart samples of each batch in the presence of the Contracting Officer.
Accomplish adequate mixing prior to sampling to ensure a uniform, representative sample. A batch is defined
as that quantity of material processed by the manufacturer at one time and identified by number on the label.
Clearly identify samples by designated name, specification number, batch number, project contract number, intended
use, and quantity involved. [Test samples by an approved laboratory. If a sample fails to meet specification,
replace the material in the area represented by the samples and retest the replacement material as specified
above. Submit copy of the test results to the Contracting Officer. Include in the report of test results a
listing of any specification requirements not verified by the test laboratory.] [At the discretion of the Contracting
Officer, samples provided may be tested by the Government for verification.]
3.3.2 Inspection
NOTE: The material specifications do not provide for obtaining certified production
data, and the importance of verification testing for each batch where appreciable
quantities are involved is emphasized. Only when the factors of time, value
of material, and its application versus cost of testing and end use of the material
justify a waiver of testing will certification be acceptable.
For projects 3500 square meters 4000 square yards in painted surface area, requirements
for Contractor's testing should be used. For small projects, use Government
test option.
Examine material at the job site to determine that it is the material referenced in the report of test results
or certificate of compliance. A certificate of compliance shall be accompanied by test results substantiating
conformance to the specified requirements.
3.3.3 Surface Preparations and Application Procedures
Surface preparations and application procedures will be examined by the Contracting Officer to determine conformance
with the requirements specified. Approve each separate operation prior to initiation of subsequent operations.
[3.3.3.1 Surface Preparation Demonstration
Prior to [surface preparation][coating removal][rubber removal], demonstrate surface preparation using the proposed[
materials,][ methods] and equipment according to the procedures outlined in Section 32 01 11.51. Prepare areas
large enough to determine[ cleanliness][, adhesion of remaining coating] and rate of cleaning.
][3.3.3.2 Test Stripe Demonstration
Prior to paint application, demonstrate test stripe application within the work area using the proposed materials
and equipment. Apply separate test stripes in each of the line widths and configurations required herein using
the proposed equipment. The test stripes shall be long enough to determine the proper speed and operating pressures
for the vehicle(s) and machinery, but not less than 15 meters 50 feet long.
][3.3.3.3 Application Rate Demonstration
During the Test Stripe Demonstration, demonstrate compliance with the application rates specified herein. Document
the equipment speed and operating pressures required to meet the specified rates in each configuration of the
equipment and provide a copy of the documentation to the Contracting Officer or authorized representative [
days ]prior to proceeding with the work.
][3.3.3.4 Retroreflective Value Demonstration
After the test stripes have cured to a "no-track" condition, demonstrate compliance with the average retroreflective
values specified herein. Take a minimum of ten readings on each test stripe with a Mirolux 12 Retroreflectometer,
or similar instrument with the same measuring geometry and direct readout in millicandelas per square meter per
lux (mcd/m2/lx).
][3.3.3.5 Level of Performance Demonstration
The Contracting Officer or authorized representative will be present the application demonstrations to observe
the results obtained and to validate the operating parameters of the vehicle(s) and equipment. If accepted by
the Contracting Officer or authorized representative, the test stripe shall be the measure of performance required
for this project. Work shall not proceed until the demonstration results are satisfactory to the Contracting
Officer or authorized representative.
]3.4 TRAFFIC CONTROL AND PROTECTION
Place warning signs near the beginning of the work site and well ahead of the work site for alerting approaching
traffic from both directions. Place small markers along newly painted lines to control traffic and prevent damage
to newly painted surfaces. Mark painting equipment with large warning signs indicating slow-moving painting
equipment in operation. Do not use foil-backed material for temporary pavement marking because of its potential
to conduct electricity during accidents involving downed power lines.
3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Demonstrate success of bond of reflective media, new paint marking and the pavement surface, vacuum cured surface
of new marking after a seven (7) day dry time. Inspect newly applied markings for signs of bond failure based
on visual inspection and comparison to results from Test Stripe Demonstration paragraph.
3.5.1 Reflective Media and Coating Bond Verification
Within seven (7) days after pavement marking application, use industrial vacuum to sweep new markings. Visually
inspect the pavement markings and the material captured by the vacuum. Verify that no significant loss of reflective
media has occured to the pavement marking due to the vacuum cleaning.
3.5.2 Reflective Media and Coating Application Verification
Use a wet film thickness guage to masure the application of wet paint.
Use a microscope or magnifying glass to evaluate the embedment of glass beads in the paint. Verify the glass
bead embedment with approximately 50% of the beads embedded and 50% of the beads exposed.
TABLE I
REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH BUILD ACRYLIC COATINGS (HBAC)
Test Minimum Requirement
(and Maximum where indicated)
Resin System (ASTM D 2621) Waterborne 100% Acrylic
Percent Volume Solids (ASTM D 2697) 58%
Volatile Organic Compound, max. 150 g/l 1.25 lbs/gal
(ASTM D 3960)
White (FED-STD-595) 37925
Yellow (FED-STD-595) 33538
Shore D Hardness (ASTM D 2240) 45
1/8 inch Mandrel Bend @ 5 mils No visual defects at bend
Dry Film Thickness (DFT, one-week (Conditions @ ASTM D 3924)
cure (ASTM D 522, Method B)
Adhesion to Concrete and Asphaltic 0.97 MPa 140 psi or 100%
Pavements (ASTM D 4541) cohesive failure in pavement
Accelerated Weathering, Yellow, Max. color loss to 33655
2500 Hours UV Exposure (FED-STD-595)
(ASTM G 53: see note 1)
Water Absorption @ 168 Hours 9.0% max. weight increase
Immersion Tap Water (ASTM D 471) (conditions @ ASTM D 3924)
Application @ 1650 microns 65 mils No visual cracking or curling
Wet,One Coat, One-week Cure, (conditions @ ASTM D 3924)
(see note 2)
No Pick-Up @ 630 microns 25 mils Wet 10 minutes max.
(ASTM D 711)
Lead (ASTM D 3335) 0.06% max.
Cadmium (ASTM D 3335) 0.06% max.
Chromium (ASTM D 3718) 0.00%
Notes:
(1) Properly mix and apply yellow paint at 250 microns +/- 50 microns 10 mils +/- 2 mils DFT over a suitably
sized, clean aluminum substrate (ASTM D 823), and cure for a minimum of 48 hours: four individual yellow samples
shall be prepared. Expose three samples to continuous Ultraviolet (UV) light for 2500 hours, without cycles condensation,
in accordance to ASTM G 53: UVA-340 lamps shall be used in the testing apparatus. Following exposure, compare the
three exposed samples to the "one" non-exposed sample using FED-STD-595 colors 33538 and 33655 as visual references:
evaluate exposed samples for degree of visual color loss. Yellow paint shall receive a passing rating if each exposed
sample appears equivalent to the non-exposed sample, and in addition, displays color loss no greater than FED-STD-595
color 33655.
(2) Using double-stick, foam mounting tape (or equal) with a nominal thickness of 1625 microns 65 mils, apply
a rectangular mold with inner dimensions of 7.6 cm by 25.5 cm 3 in by 10 in to a clean aluminum sample approximately
sized at 15 cm by 30 cm by 0.30 cm 6 in by 12 in by 1/8 in. Do not remove the tape's plastic backing. Mix and apply
excess paint into mold. Remove excess paint, by squeegee or other appropriate draw down technique, to a uniform
thickness equal to the tape's height. Paint application and draw down shall be performed within a period of no more
than 60 seconds. Approximately one to two minutes following the draw down, remove tape from sample and allow coating
to cure for a minimum period of one week ASTM D 3924. Using a micrometer or other appropriate device, measure cured
coating thickness (less sample thickness) to confirm resulting coating application was at or above 950 microns 38
mils DFT. Inspect coating for visual signs of cracking and curling. Following a one week cure, coating shall receive
a passing rating if applied greater than 950 microns 38 mils DFT and visually free of both cracking and curling.
TABLE II
PREAPPROVED HBACs
Manufacturer Products
TMT-Pathway Legend Build, #2712A9, White
1021 N. Mission Road Legend Build, #2713A9, Yellow
Los Angeles, CA 90033
(800) 338-7680
Pervo Paints Pervo 6050, White
6624 Stanford Ave. Pervo 6053, Yellow
Los Angeles, CA 90001
(323) 758-1147
Vogel Traffic Services UC-1516, White
1920 Albany Place South UC-3588, Yellow
PO Box 140
Orange City, IA 51041
(712) 737-4016