USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 93 00 (July 2006) ------------------------------ Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding UFGS-32 93 00 (April 2006) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009 SECTION 32 93 00 EXTERIOR PLANTS 07/06 NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for exterior planting. Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information. Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present. Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet. Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR). NOTE: The following information shall be shown on the project drawings: 1. All areas to be planted, with plant layout provided. 2. Plant list. 3. Subsurface drainage. 4. Planting accessories. PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title. Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update the issue dates. References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)ANSI A300(1995) Tree Care Operations - Trees, Shrubs and Other Woody Plant MaintenanceANSI Z133.1(2006) Arboricultural Operations - Safety Requirements for Pruning, Repairing, Maintaining, and Removing Trees, and Cutting BrushANSI Z60.1(1996) Nursery StockAMERICAN WOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (AWPA)AWPA P5(2005) Standard for Waterborne PreservativesAWPA T1(2004; R 2005) Use Category System: Processing and Treatment StandardAWPA U1(2004; R 2005) Use Category System: User Specification for Treated WoodASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 580/A 580M(2008) Standard Specification for Stainless Steel WireASTM C 4(2004; R 2005) Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain TileASTM C 602(2007) Agricultural Liming MaterialsASTM C 700(2007a) Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and PerforatedASTM D 1527(1999; R 2005) Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80ASTM D 1972(1997; R 2005) Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic ProductsASTM D 2729(2003) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsASTM D 3034(2008) Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsASTM D 4427(2007) Peat Samples by Laboratory TestingASTM D 4972(2001; R 2007) pH of SoilsASTM D 5203(2007) Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials from Recycled Post-Consumer (HDPE) SourcesASTM D 5268(2007) Topsoil Used for Landscaping PurposesASTM D 5539(1994; R 2008) Seed Starter MixASTM D 5852(2000; R 2007) Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index MethodASTM D 6155(2006) Nontraditional Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D 6629(2001; R 2007) Selection of Methods for Estimating Soil Loss by ErosionASTM F 405(2005) Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and FittingsFOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL (FSC)FSC STD 01 001(2000) Principles and Criteria for Forest StewardshipL.H. BAILEY HORTORIUM (LHBH)LHBH(1976) Hortus ThirdU.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)DOA SSIR 42(1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, Version 3.0U.S. GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (USGBC)LEED(2002; R 2005) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(tm) Green Building Rating System for New Construction (LEED-NC)1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS [Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK], [Section 32 84 24 IRRIGATION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS], [Section 32 96 00 TRANSPLANTING EXTERIOR PLANTS], [Section 32 92 23 SEEDING], [Section 32 92 23 SODDING], [Section 32 92 26 SPRIGGING], and Section 32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT applies to this section for pesticide use and plant establishment requirements, with additions and modifications herein. 1.3 SUBMITTALS NOTE: Submittals must be limited to those necessary for adequate quality control. The importance of an item in the project should be one of the primary factors in determining if a submittal for the item should be required. A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in context of the project. For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G" designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy projects. Submittal items not designated with a "G" are considered as being for information only for Army projects and for Contractor Quality Control approval for Navy projects. Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are [for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: _{SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals State Landscape Contractor's License Time Restrictions and Planting Conditions} Indicate anticipated dates and locations for each type of planting. _{SD-03 Product Data} [_{Local/Regional Materials}; (LEED) Submit documentation indicating distance between manufacturing facility and the project site. Indicate distance of raw material origin from the project site. Indicate relative dollar value of local/regional materials to total dollar value of products included in project.] [_{Peat Composted Derivatives Rotted Manure Organic Mulch Materials} Submit documentation indicating type of biobased material in product and biobased content. Indicate relative dollar value of biobased content products to total dollar value of products included in project.] _Gypsum; (LEED) _{Drainage Pipe}; (LEED) _Mulch[; _{G, [_____]}] _{Ground Stakes Recycled Plastic Edging}; (LEED) _Hose; (LEED) Submit documentation indicating percentage of post-industrial and post-consumer recycled content per unit of product. Indicate relative dollar value of recycled content products to total dollar value of products included in project. _{Fertilizer Weed control fabric}[; _{G, [_____]}] _{Root control barrier}[; _{G, [_____]}] [[_{Staking Material}] [_{Ground Stakes}] [_{Wood Edging}; (LEED)] Submit documentation certifying products are from salvaged/recovered lumber sources and indicating percentage of salvaged/recovered content per unit of product.] _{Metal anchors Antidesiccants} [_{Erosion control materials}] [_Photographs; _{G, [_____]}] _{SD-04 Samples} [_Mulch]; [_{G, [_____]}] [Submit [one pint][0.5 liter] of mulch.] _{SD-06 Test Reports Topsoil composition tests}; [Soil Test of current growing area]; [Soil Test of proposed area]; [Soil Test location map] _{Percolation Test}; [Percolation Test of current growing area]; [Percolation Test of proposed area] _{SD-07 Certificates Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification}; (LEED) _{Nursery certifications} Indicate names of plants in accordance with the LHBH, including type, quality, and size. _{SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data Plastic Identification} When not labeled, identify types in Operation and Maintenance Manual. 1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE 1.4.1 _{Topsoil Composition Tests} Commercial test from an independent testing laboratory including basic soil groups (moisture and saturation percentages, Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium (N-P-K) ratio, pH (ASTM D 4972), soil salinity), secondary nutrient groups (calcium, magnesium, sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)), micronutrients (zinc, manganese, iron, copper), toxic soil elements (boron, chloride, sulfate), cation exchange and base saturation percentages, and soil amendment and fertilizer recommendations with quantities for plant material being transplanted. Soil required for each test shall include a maximum depth of 450 mm18 inches of approximately 1 liter1 quart volume for each test. Areas sampled should not be larger than 0.4 hectare1 acre and should contain at least 6-8 cores for each sample area and be thoroughly mixed. Problem areas should be sampled separately and compared with samples taken from adjacent non-problem areas. The location of the sample areas should be noted and marked on a parcel or planting map for future reference. 1.4.2 _{Nursery Certifications} [a. Indicate on nursery letterhead the name of plants in accordance with the LHBH, including botanical common names, quality, and size.] [b. Inspection certificate.] [c. Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum for plant material treated] 1.4.3 _{State Landscape Contractor's License} Construction company shall hold a landscape contractors license in the state where the work is performed and have a minimum of five years landscape construction experience. Submit copy of license and three references for similar work completed in the last five years. [1.4.4 Plant Material _Photographs Contractor shall submit nursery photographs, for government approval prior to ordering, for each tree larger than 24-inch600 mm box/ 2-inch50 mm caliper size. ]1.4.5 _{Percolation Test} Immediately following rough grading operation, identify a typical location for one of the largest trees and or shrubs and excavate a pit per the project details. Fill the pit with water to a depth of 300 mm12 inches. The length of time required for the water to percolate into the soil, leaving the pit empty, shall be measured by the project Landscape Architect and verified by the Contracting Officer. Within six hours of the time the water has drained from the pit, the Contractor, with the Contracting Officer and project Landscape Architect present, shall again fill the pit with water to a depth of 300 mm12 inches. If the water does not completely percolate into the soil within 9 hours, a determination shall be made whether a drainage system or a soil penetrant will be required for each tree and or shrub being transplanted. 1.4.6 Erosion Assessment NOTE: The erosion potential of a soil is of concern in vegetated channels, road embankments, dams, levees, spillways, construction sites, etc. Assess potential effects of soil management practices on soil loss in accordance with ASTM D 6629. Assess erodibility of soil with dominant soil structure less than 70 to 80 mm2.8 to 3.1 inches in accordance with ASTM D 5852. 1.4.7 Pre-Installation Meeting Convene a pre-installation meeting a minimum of one week prior to commencing work of this section. Require attendance of parties directly affecting work of this section. Review conditions of operations, procedures and coordination with related work. Agenda shall include the following: a. Tour, inspect, and discuss conditions of planting materials. b. Review planting schedule and maintenance. c. Review required inspections. d. Review environmental procedures. 1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 1.5.1 Delivery 1.5.1.1 Branched Plant Delivery Deliver with branches tied and exposed branches covered with material which allows air circulation. Prevent damage to branches, trunks, root systems, and root balls and desiccation of leaves. 1.5.1.2 Soil Amendment Delivery Deliver to the site in original, unopened containers bearing manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark, and indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of containers, [fertilizer,] [gypsum,] [sulfur,] [iron,] [and] [lime] may be furnished in bulk with a certificate indicating the above information. Store in dry locations away from contaminates. 1.5.1.3 Plant Labels Deliver plants with durable waterproof labels in weather-resistant ink. Provide labels stating the correct botanical and common plant name and variety as applicable and size as specified in the list of required plants. Attach to plants, bundles, and containers of plants. Groups of plants may be labeled by tagging one plant. Labels shall be legible for a minimum of 60 days after delivery to the planting site. 1.5.2 Storage 1.5.2.1 Plant Storage and Protection Store and protect plants not planted on the day of arrival at the site as follows: a. Shade and protect plants in outside storage areas from the wind and direct sunlight until planted. b. Heel-in bare root plants. c. Protect balled and burlapped plants from freezing or drying out by covering the balls or roots with moist burlap, sawdust, wood chips, shredded bark, peat moss, or other approved material. Provide covering which allows air circulation. d. Keep plants in a moist condition until planted by watering with a fine mist spray. e. Do not store plant material directly on concrete or bituminous surfaces. 1.5.2.2 [Fertilizer,] [Gypsum,] [pH Adjusters] and [Mulch] Storage Store in dry locations away from contaminants. 1.5.2.3 Topsoil Prior to stockpiling topsoil, eradicate on site undesirable growing vegetation. Clear and grub existing vegetation three to four weeks prior to stockpiling existing topsoil. [1.5.2.4 [_{Root Control Barrier}] [and] [_{Weed Control Fabric}] Store materials on site in enclosures or under protective covering in dry location. Store under cover out of direct sunlight. Do not store materials directly on ground. ]1.5.3 Handling Do not drop or dump plants from vehicles. Avoid damaging plants being moved from nursery or storage area to planting site. Handle [boxed][balled and burlapped] [bare root] [balled and potted][processed balled][in-ground fabric bag grown] [container] plants carefully to avoid damaging or breaking the earth ball or root structure. Do not handle plants by the trunk or stem. [Puddle bare-root plants after removal from the heeling-in bed to protect roots from drying out.] Remove damaged plants from the site. 1.5.4 TIME LIMITATION Except for container-grown plant material, the time limitation from digging to installing plant material shall be a maximum of 90 days. The time limitation between installing the plant material and placing the mulch shall be a maximum of 24 hours. 1.6 _{TIME RESTRICTIONS AND PLANTING CONDITIONS} NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for recommended planting dates for the project area. Allow for planting period in the construction completion time provided in the Additional General Paragraphs. Delete time restrictions for continuous growing conditions. Coordinate installation of planting materials during optimal planting seasons for each type of plant material required. 1.6.1 Planting Dates [Plant all plants from [______] to [_____].] [1.6.1.1 Deciduous Material Deciduous material from [_____] to [_____] for spring [/summer] planting and from [_____] to [_____] for fall [/winter] planting. ][1.6.1.2 Evergreen Material Evergreen material from [_____] to [_____] for spring [/summer] planting and from [_____] to [_____] for fall [/winter] planting. ]1.6.2 Restrictions Do not plant when ground is [frozen,] [snow covered,] muddy, or when air temperature exceeds [32] [_____] degrees Celsius [90] [_____] degrees Fahrenheit 1.7 GUARANTEE NOTE: This guarantee is premised on a fall planting season from approximately October 1 to December 15 and a spring planting season from the time ground can be worked to May 15. NOTE: Choose one of the following options. [[All plants shall be guaranteed for [one year] [_____] beginning on the date of inspection by the Contracting Officer to commence the plant establishment period, against defects including death and unsatisfactory growth, except for defects resulting from lack of adequate maintenance, neglect, or abuse by the Government or by weather conditions unusual for the warranty period.] [Transplanted plants require no guarantee.]] [Guarantee plants [except palms] installed during fall planting season until the following [August 1] [_____]; guarantee plants installed during spring planting season until the following [October 1] [_____]. [Transplanted plants require no guarantee.] [The minimum guarantee shall be 90 days from the time of planting.] [Replace palms which are not alive at the end of a one-year period.]] [Remove and replace dead planting materials immediately unless required to plant in the succeeding planting season. ]At end of warranty period, replace planting materials that die or have 25 percent or more of their branches that die during the construction operations or the guarantee period. 1.8 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1.8.1 _{Local/Regional Materials} NOTE: Using local materials can help minimize transportation impacts, including fossil fuel consumption, air pollution, and labor. Using materials harvested and manufactured within a 500 mile radius from the project site contributes to the following LEED credit: MR5. Coordinate with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Use second option if Contractor is choosing local materials in accordance with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Use second option for USACE projects. Army projects shall include option only if pursuing this LEED credit. [Use materials or products extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as manufactured, within a [500][_____] mile [800][_____] kilometer radius from the project site, if available from a minimum of three sources.][See Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total local material requirements. Landscaping materials may be locally available.] 1.8.2 _{Plastic Identification} NOTE: The marking system indicated below is intended to provide assistance in identification of products for making subsequent decisions as to handling, recycling, or disposal. Verify that plastic products to be incorporated into the project are labeled in accordance with ASTM D 1972. Where products are not labeled, provide product data indicating polymeric information in Operation and Maintenance Manual. Type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE). Type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Type 3: Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC). Type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). Type 5: Polypropylene (PP). Type 6: Polystyrene (PS). Type 7: Other. Use of this code indicates that the package in question is made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is made of more than one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer combination. 1.8.3 _{Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification} NOTE: Use of FSC-certified wood in permanent features contributes to the following LEED credit: MR7. Coordinate with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Use FSC-certified wood where specified. Provide letter of certification signed by lumber supplier. Indicate compliance with FSC STD 01 001 and identify certifying organization. Submit FSC certification numbers; identify each certified product on a line-item basis. Submit copies of invoices bearing the FSC certification numbers. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 PLANTS NOTE: Check with local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for the species and varieties of plants recommended for the project area. Specify plants based on a xeriscaping approach, which utilizes indigenous plants and low maintenance plants tolerant of the site's existing soils and climate without supplemental irrigation or fertilization, once established. Indigenous plants typically will perform better than imported species and require less maintenance. It is advisable to sufficiently monitor imported species to determine the relative invasiveness. They can blend into the local ecosystem, but they can also overrun it, suffocating indigenous plants and crippling habitats. Specify appropriate companion planting, seasonal mixes, and habitat vegetation. Companion planting takes advantage of complementary relationships between some plants such as parsley and roses. Seasonal mixes utilize plants that thrive at various times of the year. Seasonal mixes are closely related to providing habitat vegetation. Many birds, animals, and insects - especially migratory creatures - depend upon certain plants flowering or seeding at specific times of the year and in certain regions. Existing vegetation shall be evaluated for appropriateness to remain. Existing vegetation may be native and require little maintenance. Utilizing existing site features minimizes site disturbance, which reduces erosion and habitat destruction. Items on site such as excavated rocks shall also be considered for use as landscaping features. Reducing site disturbance contributes to the following LEED credit: SS5. 2.1.1 Regulations and Varieties Existing trees and shrubs to remain shall be protected and a planting plan be arranged around them. Furnish nursery stock in accordance with ANSI Z60.1, except as otherwise specified or indicated. Each plant or group of planting shall have a "key" number indicated on the _{nursery certifications} of the plant schedule. Furnish plants, including turf grass, grown under climatic conditions similar to those in the locality of the project. Plants specified shall be [indigenous,] low maintenance varieties, tolerant of site's existing soils and climate [without supplemental irrigation or fertilization once established]. [Spray plants budding into leaf or having soft growth with an antidesiccant before digging]. Plants of the same specified size shall be of uniform size and character of growth. Plants shall be chosen with their mature size and growth habit in mind to avoid over-planting and conflict with other plants, structures or underground utility lines. All plants shall comply with all Federal and State Laws requiring inspection for plant diseases and infestation. 2.1.2 Shape and Condition Well-branched, well-formed, sound, vigorous, healthy planting stock free from disease, sunscald, windburn, abrasion, and harmful insects or insect eggs and having a healthy, normal, and undamaged root system. 2.1.2.1 Deciduous Trees and Shrubs Symmetrically developed and of uniform habit of growth, with straight boles or stems, and free from objectionable disfigurements. 2.1.2.2 Evergreen Trees and Shrubs Well developed symmetrical tops with typical spread of branches for each particular species or variety. 2.1.2.3 Ground Covers and Vines Number and length of runners and clump sizes indicated, and of the proper age for the grade of plants indicated, furnished in removable containers, integral containers, or formed homogeneous soil section. 2.1.3 Plant Size Minimum sizes measured after pruning and with branches in normal position, shall conform to measurements indicated, based on the average width or height of the plant for the species as specified in ANSI Z60.1. Plants larger in size than specified may be provided with approval of the [Contracting Officer] [_____]. When larger plants are provided, increase the ball of earth or spread of roots in accordance with ANSI Z60.1. 2.1.4 Root Ball Size All box-grown, field potted, field boxed, collected, plantation grown, bare root, balled and burlapped, container grown, processed-balled, and in-ground fabric bag-grown root balls shall conform to ANSI Z60.1. All wrappings and ties shall be biodegradable. Root growth in container grown plants shall be sufficient to hold earth intact when removed from containers. Root bound plants will not be accepted. [2.1.4.1 Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum Before shipment, root systems shall contain mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. ]2.1.5 Growth of Trunk and Crown NOTE: The form of growth desired for specimen or special purpose plant material shall be described. 2.1.5.1 Deciduous Trees A height to caliper relationship shall be provided in accordance with ANSI Z60.1. Height of branching shall bear a relationship to the size and species of tree specified and with the crown in good balance with the trunk. The trees shall not be "poled" or the leader removed. a. Single stem: The trunk shall be reasonably straight and symmetrical with crown and have a persistent main leader. b. Multi-stem: All countable stems, in aggregate, shall average the size specified. To be considered a stem, there shall be no division of the trunk which branches more than 150 mm 6 inches from ground level. 2.1.5.2 Palms Palms shall have the specified height as measured from the base of the trunk to the base of the fronds or foliage in accordance with ANSI Z60.1. The palm shall have straight trunk and healthy fronds or foliage as typical for the variety grown in the region of the project. Palms trimmed or pruned for delivery shall retain a minimum of 150 mm 6 inches of foliage at the crown as a means of determining plant health. 2.1.5.3 Deciduous Shrubs Deciduous shrubs shall have the height and number of primary stems recommended by ANSI Z60.1. Acceptable plant material shall be well shaped, with sufficient well-spaced side branches, and recognized by the trade as typical for the species grown in the region of the project. 2.1.5.4 Coniferous Evergreen Plant Material Coniferous Evergreen plant material shall have the height-to-spread ratio recommended by ANSI Z60.1. The coniferous evergreen trees shall not be "poled" or the leader removed. Acceptable plant material shall be exceptionally heavy, well shaped and trimmed to form a symmetrical and tightly knit plant. The form of growth desired shall be as indicated. 2.1.5.5 Broadleaf Evergreen Plant Material Broadleaf evergreen plant material shall have the height-to-spread ratio recommended by ANSI Z60.1. Acceptable plant material shall be well shaped and recognized by the trade as typical for the variety grown in the region of the project. 2.1.5.6 Ground Cover and Vine Plant Material Ground cover and vine plant material shall have the minimum number of runners and length of runner recommended by ANSI Z60.1. Plant material shall have heavy, well developed and balanced crown with vigorous, well developed root system and shall be furnished in containers. 2.2 TOPSOIL NOTE: If topsoil properties are included in another section of Division 2, delete this paragraph and include a cross-reference to the appropriate section. Otherwise, select appropriate paragraphs on topsoil. Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for soil properties appropriate for the plant materials to be planted. If existing topsoil is used, insert materials, if required, to properly condition for pH and friability. Where suitable topsoil is available within limits of the work area, include stripping and stockpiling of topsoil in the applicable section of Division 2 of the specification. Protecting topsoil by stockpiling for reuse contributes to the following LEED credit: SS Prerequisite 1. If suitable topsoil is not available within the limits of the work area, consider whether it is more economical to treat the soil of the graded areas with fertilizer and supplements so as to be conducive for plant establishment and maintenance, to transport topsoil to the project site, or to use regionally native plants suited to the on-site soil. If treatment of the soil is more economical, include requirements for fertilizer and supplements. Prior to stockpiling topsoil, remove all weed-grasses. This should occur when the foliage is 150 to 250 mm 6 to 10 inches high and approximately 4 to 6 weeks prior to stockpiling. [2.2.1 Existing Soil Modify to conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition." ][2.2.2 On-Site Topsoil Surface soil stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled "Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section [31 00 00 EARTHWORK][31 23 00.00 20 EXCAVATION AND FILL]. ][2.2.3 Off-Site Topsoil Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition." Additional topsoil shall be [furnished by the Contractor] [obtain from topsoil borrow areas indicated]. ]2.2.4 Composition Evaluate soil for use as topsoil in accordance with ASTM D 5268. From 5 to 10 percent organic matter as determined by the _{topsoil composition tests} of the Organic Carbon, 6A, Chemical Analysis Method described in DOA SSIR 42 . Maximum particle size, 19 mm 3/4 inch, with maximum 3 percent retained on 6 mm 1/4 inch screen. The pH shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 4972. Topsoil shall be free of sticks, stones, roots, plants, and other debris and objectionable materials. Other components shall conform to the following limits: Silt [25-50][7 to 17][_____] percent Clay [10-30][4 to 12][_____] percent Sand [20-35][70 to 82][_____] percent pH [5.5 to 7.0][_____] Soluble Salts [600] [_____] ppm maximum 2.3 SOIL CONDITIONERS NOTE: Prior to including these provisions in project specifications, perform tests of on-site topsoil to determine its suitability and the possible need of pH adjusters or soil conditioners. Provide singly or in combination as required to meet specified requirements for topsoil. Soil conditioners shall be nontoxic to plants. 2.3.1 Lime NOTE: Use ASTM C 602 calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.) as specified in Table 1: for burnt lime, C.C.E. shall not be less than 140 percent; for hydrated lime, C.C.E. shall not be less than 110 percent; and for limestone, C.C.E. shall not be less than 80 percent. Commercial grade [hydrated] [or] [burnt] limestone containing a calcium carbonate equivalent (C.C.E.) as specified in ASTM C 602 of not less than [80][_____] percent. 2.3.2 Aluminum Sulfate Commercial grade. 2.3.3 Sulfur 100 percent elemental 2.3.4 Iron 100 percent elemental 2.3.5 _Peat NOTE: The 2002 Farm Bill - Section 9002, Federal Procurement of Biobased Products, requires each Federal Agency to develop a procurement program which will ensure that items composed of biobased products will be purchased to the maximum extent practicable and which is consistent with applicable provisions of Federal procurement law. Natural product of [peat moss] derived from a freshwater site and conforming to [ASTM D 4427] [ASTM D 5539] as modified herein. Shred and granulate peat to pass a 12.5 mm 1/2 inch mesh screen and condition in storage pile for minimum 6 months after excavation. Biobased content shall be a minimum of [100][_____] percent. Peat shall not contain invasive species, including seeds. 2.3.6 Sand Clean and free of materials harmful to plants. 2.3.7 Perlite Horticultural grade. 2.3.8 _{Composted Derivatives} Ground bark, nitrolized sawdust, humus or other green wood waste material free of stones, sticks, invasive species, including seeds, and soil stabilized with nitrogen and having the following properties: 2.3.8.1 Particle Size Minimum percent by weight passing: 4.75 mmNo. 4 mesh screen 95 2.36 mmNo. 8 mesh screen 80 2.3.8.2 Nitrogen Content Minimum percent based on dry weight: Fir Sawdust 0.7 Fir or Pine Bark 1.0 2.3.8.3 Biobased Content Minimum [100][_____] percent. 2.3.9 _Gypsum NOTE: Use of materials with recycled content, calculated on the basis of post-industrial and post-consumer percentage content, contributes to the following LEED credit: MR4. Coordinate all recycled content products with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. Coarsely ground gypsum from recycled scrap gypsum board comprised of calcium sulfate dihydrate 91 percent, calcium 22 percent, sulfur 17 percent; minimum 96 percent passing through 850 micrometers 20 mesh screen, 100 percent passing thru 970 micrometers 16 mesh screen. 2.3.10 Vermiculite Horticultural grade for planters. 2.3.11 _{Rotted Manure} Well rotted horse or cattle manure containing maximum 25 percent by volume of straw, sawdust, or other bedding materials; free of seeds, stones, sticks, soil, and other invasive species. 2.4 PLANTING SOIL MIXTURES NOTE: Choose one of the following options. [ 100 percent topsoil as specified herein.] [100 percent on-site topsoil.] [[_____] parts topsoil, [_____] parts [_____], and [_____] parts [_____]. Thoroughly mix all parts of planting soil mixture to a uniform blend throughout.] [Sandy topsoil: one part topsoil to one part peat; clay topsoil: two parts topsoil to one part peat. Thoroughly mix all parts of planting soil mixture to a uniform blend throughout.] 2.5 _FERTILIZER NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for recommended fertilizer mixture for local conditions. Fertilizer for groundcover, wildflowers and grasses is not permitted. Fertilizer for trees, plants, and shrubs shall be as recommended by plant supplier, except synthetic chemical fertilizers are not permitted. Fertilizers containing petrochemical additives or that have been treated with pesticides or herbicides are not permitted. 2.5.1 Granular Fertilizer Organic, granular controlled release fertilizer containing the following minimum percentages, by weight, of plant food nutrients: [_____] percent available nitrogen [_____] percent available phosphorus [_____] percent available potassium [_____] percent sulfur [[_____] percent iron] 2.5.2 Fertilizer Tablets Organic, plant tablets composed of tightly compressed fertilizer chips forming a tablet that is insoluble in water, is designed to provide a continuous release of nutrients for at least 24 months and contains the following minimum percentages, by weight, of plant food nutrients: [20] [_____] percent available nitrogen [20] [_____] percent available phosphorus [5] [_____] percent available potassium 2.6 WEED CONTROL FABRIC NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for recommended type of membrane for the project area. Specify only one type of membrane for the project. NOTE: Choose one of the following options. [2.6.1 Roll Type Polypropylene or Polyester Mats Fabric shall be woven, needle punched or non-woven and treated for protection against deterioration due to ultraviolet radiation. Fabric shall be minimum 99 percent opaque to prevent photosynthesis and seed germination from occurring, yet allowing air, water and nutrients to pass thru to the roots. Minimum weight shall be 0.11 kg per square meter 5 ounces per square yard with a minimum thickness of 0.50 mm 20 mils with a 20 year (minimum) guarantee. ][2.7 _{DRAINAGE PIPE} FOR PLANT PITS AND BEDS NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for recommended type of drainage pipe. Specify only one type of drainage pipe for the project. NOTE: If Section 02630 is utilized, delete requirements for "DRAINAGE PIPE FOR PLANT PITS AND BEDS." NOTE: PVC and HDPE nonpressure pipe are EPA designated products for recycled content. See Section 01670 RECYCLED/RECOVERED MATERIALS and include recycled content options unless designer determines that justification for non-use exists. [Plastic polyvinyl chloride pipe, [_____] mm. inches in diameter, [unperforated] conforming to ASTM D 3034 SDR 35 [perforated] conforming to ASTM D 2729. Minimum [25][100] percent recycled content with a minimum of [5][15] percent post-consumer recycled content.] [Plastic HDPE pipe, [_____] mminches in diameter, [unperforated] [perforated] conforming to ASTM D 5203. Minimum 100 percent post-consumer recycled content.] [Plastic ABS pipe, [_____] mm inches in diameter, [unperforated] [perforated] conforming to ASTM D 1527. Minimum [50][_____] percent post-consumer recycled content.] [Corrugated plastic drainage tubing, [_____] mm inches in diameter, [unperforated] [perforated] conforming to ASTM F 405.] [Clay drain tile, [_____] mm inches in diameter, [unperforated conforming to ASTM C 4 ] [perforated conforming to ASTM C 4] [[extra strength] [standard strength] conforming to ASTM C 700].] ]2.8 _MULCH NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service Office for recommended and locally available mulch material. Examine installations design guides if available for approve mulch list. Free from noxious weeds, mold, pesticides, or other deleterious materials. 2.8.1 Inert Mulch Materials NOTE: Use inert mulch materials only when organic mulch is not available, or when site is located in a dry climate. NOTE: Designer must verify that products meeting the indicated minimum recycled content are available, preferably from at least three sources, to ensure adequate competition. If not, write in suitable recycled content values that reflect availability and competition. Use second recycled content option if Contractor is choosing recycled content products in accordance with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. [Recycled porcelain, concrete, stone, or other recycled material complying with ASTM D 6155] [riverbank stone] [crushed pit-run rock] [granite chips] [marble chips] [crushed bricks] [volcanic rock] [_____] ranging in size from [_____] to [_____] mm inches. Provide materials from site and construction waste to the greatest extent possible. [Mulch shall contain a minimum of [5][10][_____] percent post-consumer recycled content, or a minimum of [20][40][_____] percent post-industrial recycled content.][See Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION for cumulative total recycled content requirements. Mulch may contain post-consumer or post-industrial recycled content.] 2.8.2 _{Organic Mulch Materials} NOTE: Hydraulic mulch is an EPA designated product for recycled content. See Section 01670 RECYCLED/RECOVERED MATERIALS and include recycled content options unless designer determines that justification for non-use exists. [Wood cellulose fiber] [wood chips] [ground or shredded bark] [shredded hardwood] [bark peelings] [pine straw mulch] [pine needles] [_____] from site when available. Biobased content shall be a minimum of [100][_____] percent. Wood cellulose fiber shall be processed to contain no growth or germination-inhibiting factors, dyed with non-toxic, biodegradable dye to an appropriate color to facilitate visual metering of materials application. Paper-based hydraulic mulch shall contain a minimum of [100][_____] percent post-consumer recycled content. Wood-based hydraulic mulch shall contain a minimum of [100][_____] percent recycled material. [2.8.3 Recycled Organic Mulch Recycled mulch may include compost, tree trimmings, or pine needles with a gradation that passes through a 65 by 65 mm2-1/2 by 2-1/2 inchscreen. It shall be cleaned of all sticks a minimum 25 mm1 inch in diameter and plastic materials a minimum 75 mm3 inches length. The material shall be treated to retard the growth of mold and fungi. ]2.9 STAKING AND GUYING MATERIAL 2.9.1 _{Staking Material} 2.9.1.1 Tree Support Stakes Rough sawn [FSC-certified or salvaged] hard wood free of knots, rot, cross grain, bark, long slivers, or other defects that impair strength. Stakes shall be minimum 50 mm 2 inches square or 64 mm 2 1/2 inch diameter by 2.4 m 8 feet long, pointed at one end. [Paint or stain wood stakes dark brown.]. 2.9.1.2 _{Ground Stakes} NOTE: Designer must verify that products meeting the indicated minimum recycled content are available, preferably from at least three sources, to ensure adequate competition. If not, write in suitable recycled content values that reflect availability and competition. 50 mm[FSC-certified or salvaged wood] [or] [[100][_____] percent post-consumer recycled content plastic], 2 inches square are by 0.91 m 3 feet long, pointed at one end. 2.9.2 Guying Material 2.9.2.1 Guying Wire 12 gauge annealed galvanized steel, ASTM A 580/A 580M. 2.9.2.2 Guying Cable Minimum five-strand, 5 mm 3/16 inch diameter galvanized steel cable [plastic coated]. 2.9.3 Hose Chafing Guards New or used 2 ply 19 mm 3/4 inch diameter reinforced rubber or plastic hose, black or dark green, all of same color. 2.9.4 Flags White [surveyor's plastic tape,] [12.70 mm1/2 inch diameter PVC pipe], [150 mm6 inches] [300 mm12 inches] long, fastened to guying wires or cables. 2.9.5 Turnbuckles Galvanized or cadmium-plated steel with minimum 75 mm 3 inch long openings fitted with screw eyes. Eye bolts shall be galvanized or cadmium-plated steel with 25 mm one inch diameter eyes and screw length 38 mm 1 1/2 inches , minimum. 2.9.6 Deadmen NOTE: Avoid the use of concrete or brick materials. 100 by 200 mm4 by 8 inch rectangular or 200 mm 8 inch diameter by 900 mm36 inch long, [pine] [fir] [_____] wood material. 2.9.7 _{Metal Anchors} 2.9.7.1 Driven Anchors Malleable iron, arrow shaped, galvanized, sized as follows:               Tree Caliper               Anchor Size               50 mm                       75 mm               75 to 150 mm                100 mm               150 to 200 mm               150 mm               200 to 250 mm               200 mm               250 to 300 mm               250 mm               Tree Caliper               Anchor Size               2 inches and under         3 inches               3 to 6 inches              4 inches               6 to 8 inches              6 inches               8 to 10 inches             8 inches               10 to 12 inches            10 inches 2.9.7.2 Screw Anchors Steel, screw type with welded-on 75 mm 3 inch round helical steel plate, minimum 10 mm 3/8 inch diameter, 375 mm 15 inches long. 2.10 EDGING MATERIAL 2.10.1 _{Wood Edging} NOTE: Indicate type of wood, e.g., Redwood, Cypress, Western Red Cedar, etc. If a decay resistant species is specified, preservative treatment will not be required. Specify decay-resistant species when feasible. NOTE: Using salvaged materials in permanent features contributes to the following LEED credit: MR3. Include submittal if pursuing this LEED credit, and coordinate with Section 01 33 29 LEED(tm) DOCUMENTATION. [FSC-certified] [salvaged] [and] as specified in Section 06 10 00 ROUGH CARPENTRY. [Redwood] [Cypress] [Western Red Cedar] [_____] wood edging shall be free of solvent at time of delivery. Minimum 200 by 13 mm 8 by 1/2 inch [treated in accordance with AWPA U1 and AWPA T1 with preservatives conforming to AWPA P5 before installation]. Anchoring stakes shall be the same material as wood edging, [13 by 50] [_____] mm [1/2 by 2] [_____] inches, 300 mm 12 inches long. 2.10.2 _{Recycled Plastic Edging} Plastic lumber as specified in Section 06 10 00 ROUGH CARPENTRY. 100 percent recycled [polyethylene][_____] edging, resistant to insects, termites, boring worms, splintering and rotting, and shall not absorb moisture or promote bacterial growth. Minimum [1 by 4][1 by 6][2 by 4][2 by 6][_____] inch, capable of bending a minimum [24][36][_____] radius, integrally colored [brown][_____] with [slip joint][_____] connections. Anchors and stakes shall be of the same manufacturer and color as the edging. 2.10.3 Concrete Edging [Extruded] [Cast-in-place] [150 by 150] [_____] by [_____] mm [6 by 6] [_____] by [_____] inch concrete mowstrip. Provide [tooled] [saw cut] [_____] contraction joints to a depth of [19] [_____] mm [3/4] [_____] inch after the surface has been finished. Provide joints every [1500] [_____] lineal mm [5] [_____] lineal feet. Provide [12.70] [_____] mm [1/2] [_____] inch thick expansion joints at change of direction and where mowstrip abuts rigid pavement. [Provide [#4] [_____] reinforcement bar and other devices necessary to install and secure reinforcement.] Provide a floated finish, then finish with a flexible bristle broom. [20] [_____] MPa [2500] [_____] psi compressive concrete strength at 28 days as specified under Section 03 30 00 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE. [2.11 _{ANTIDESICCANTS} Sprayable, water insoluble vinyl-vinledine complex which produce a moisture retarding barrier not removable by rain or snow. Film shall form at temperatures commonly encountered out of doors during planting season and have a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVT) of the resultant film of maximum 10 grams per 24 hours at 70 percent humidity. ][2.12 _{EROSION CONTROL MATERIALS} NOTE: Provide all erosion and sediment control measures in Section 02370 SOIL SURFACE EROSION CONTROL instead of here if used for project. The Contractor may propose other types of erosion control material, based on site conditions. Erosion control contributes to the following LEED credit: SS Prerequisite 1. Erosion control material shall conform to the following: [2.12.1 Erosion Control Blanket [100 percent agricultural straw][70 percent agricultural staw/30 percent coconut fiber matrix] stitched with a degradable nettings, designed to degrade within [12 months][18 months]. ][2.12.2 Erosion Control Fabric Fabric shall be knitted construction of polypropylene yarn with uniform mesh openings 19 to 25 mm 3/4 to 1 inch square with strips of biodegradable paper. Filler paper strips shall have a minimum life of 6 months. ][2.12.3 Erosion Control Net Net shall be heavy, twisted jute mesh, weighing approximately 605 grams per meter 1.22 pounds per linear yard and 1200 mm 4 feet wide with mesh openings of approximately 25 mm 1 inch square. ][2.12.4 Hydrophilic Colloids Hydrophilic colloids shall be physiologically harmless to plant and animal life without phytotoxic agents. Colloids shall be naturally occurring, silicate powder based, and shall form a water insoluble membrane after curing. Colloids shall resist mold growth. ]2.12.5 Erosion Control Material Anchors Erosion control anchors shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. ][2.13 ROOT CONTROL BARRIER [Flexible and permeable geotextile fabric with permanently attached time-released nodules. Color to be [black] [gray] [_____].] [Pre-formed, [round, tapered cylinder] [linear] barrier with integral vertical root deflecting ribs constructed of ultraviolet resistant polypropylene material. Color to be [black] [_____].] ]2.14 WATER NOTE: When water is Government furnished, locate the source. Recycled or reclaimed irrigation water may be available through a tertiary treatment plant on or off site. It is preferred that this type of water be used for irrigation whenever possible. Check project specific conditions. Unless otherwise directed, water shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Water source shall be potable or non-potable. Non-potable is preferred. If non-potable edit specification accordingly. Source of water shall be approved by the Contracting Officer and shall be of suitable quality for irrigation, containing no elements toxic to plant life. Coordinate information presented here with Section 01500, "Temporary Facilities and Controls." NOTE: Reduction of potable water consumption for irrigation contributes to the following LEED credit: WE1. Source of water to be approved by Contracting Officer and suitable quality for irrigation and shall not contain elements toxic to plant life, including acids, alkalis, salts, chemical pollutants, and organic matter. Use collected storm water or graywater when available. 2.14.1 _Hose NOTE: Garden and soaker hoses are EPA designated products for recycled content. See Section 01670 RECYCLED/RECOVERED MATERIALS and include recycled content options unless designer determines that justification for non-use exists. Hoses used for watering shall be a minimum of [60][65][70][_____] percent post-consumer rubber or plastic. [2.15 MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI INOCULUM Mycorrhizal fungi inoculum shall be composed of multiple-fungus inoculum as recommended by the manufacturer for the plant material specified. ]2.16 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL The [Contracting Officer][and Landscape Architect of Record] [_____] will inspect plant materials at the [project] site and approve them. Tag plant materials for size and quality. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 EXTENT OF WORK Provide soil preparation, [fertilizing,] [tree,] [shrub,] [vine,] [groundcover,] [and] planting, [edging,] [staking and guying,] [weed control fabric,][, erosion control material][and] [root control barrier] installation [and] [a mulch topdressing] [_____] of all newly graded finished earth surfaces, unless indicated otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of construction that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations. 3.2 ALTERNATIVE HERBICIDE TREATMENT (SOLARIZING SOIL) Within 48 hours of subsoil preparation, saturate soil with water to a depth of 914 mm3 feet. Immediately stake polyethylene sheeting over area to be planted. Stake tightly to surface of soil. Maintain sheeting in place for a minimum of 6 weeks. Immediately after removing sheeting, cover area to be planted with topsoil. Do not till soil prior to applying topsoil. 3.3 PREPARATION 3.3.1 Protection Protect existing and proposed landscape features, elements, and sites from damage or contamination. Protect trees, vegetation, and other designated features by erecting high-visibility, reusable construction fencing. Locate fence no closer to trees than the drip line. Plan equipment and vehicle access to minimize and confine soil disturbance and compaction to areas indicated on Drawings. 3.3.2 Layout Stake out approved plant material locations and planter bed outlines on the project site before digging plant pits or beds. The Contracting Officer reserves the right to adjust plant material locations to meet field conditions. Do not plant closer than [300] [600] [900] [_____] mm [12] [24] [36] [_____] inches to a [building wall,] [pavement edge,] [fence or wall edge] [and] [other similar structures]. Provide on-site locations for excavated rock, soil, and vegetation. 3.3.3 Erosion Control Provide erosion control and seeding with native plant species to protect slopes. 3.3.4 Soil Preparation NOTE: Elevation of subgrade will vary depending upon the needs for additional topsoil, mulch topdressing, or other treatment. [3.3.4.1 pH Adjuster Application Rates NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service and specify amounts applicable for the project area. Apply pH adjuster at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of the soils at the job site. For bidding purposes only apply at rates for the following: [Lime [_____] kg per square meter [_____] pounds per acre [_____] kg per 100 square meters [_____] pounds per 1000 square feet] [Sulfur [_____] kg per square meter [_____] pounds per acre [_____] kg per 100 square meters [_____] pounds per 1000 square feet] [Iron [_____] kg per square meter [_____] pounds per acre [_____] kg per 100 square meters [_____] pounds per 1000 square feet] [Aluminum Sulfate [_____] kg per square meter [_____] pounds per acre [_____] kg per 100 square meters [_____] pounds per 1000 square feet.] ][3.3.4.2 Soil Conditioner Application Rates NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service and specify amounts applicable for the project area. NOTE: Waste gypsum board shall be pulverized and spread evenly over the entire site area. Do not deposit gypsum in areas that lack adequate drainage. Verify appropriate application rates with a landscaping consultant. Application rates may be as high as 22 tons per acre; however, in some areas there may be regulatory restrictions on the disposal of construction waste on site and a variance may be required. Apply soil conditioners at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of the soils at the job site. For bidding purposes only apply at rates for the following: [Peat [_____] cubic meters per square meter [_____] cubic yard per acre [_____] cubic meters per 100 square meters [_____] cubic yards per 1000 square feet] [Sand [_____] cubic meters per square meter [_____] cubic yard per acre [_____] cubic meters per 100 square meters [_____] cubic yards per 1000 square feet] [Compost Derivatives [_____] cubic meters per square meter [_____] cubic yard per acre [_____] cubic meters per 100 square meters [_____] cubic yards per 1000 square feet] [Gypsum [_____] cubic meters per square meter [_____] cubic yard per acre [_____] cubic meters per 100 square meters [_____] cubic yards per 1000 square feet.] [Rotted Manure [_____] cubic meters per square meter[_____] cubic yard per acre[_____] cubic meters per 100 square meters [_____] cubic yards per 1000 square feet.] ]3.3.4.3 Fertilizer Application Rates NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture County Extension Service and specify amounts applicable for the project area. Apply fertilizer at rates as determined by laboratory soil analysis of the soils at the job site. For bidding purposes only apply at rates for the following: [Organic granular fertilizer [[_____] kg per square meter[_____] pounds per acre] [[_____] kg per 100 square meters[______] pounds per 1000 square feet].] [Fertilizer Tablets for Trees and Shrubs Container/Caliper Size   Tablet Size      No. of Tablets    Shrub:   [_____]                  [_____]            [_____]    Tree:    [_____]                  [_____]            [_____]      ] [3.3.5 Root Control Barrier NOTE: Contact a local arborist or plant nursery person for projects involving root pruning of existing plant material to determine required amount of root structure to be removed. [Install geotextile fabric in the soil in a [vertical] [horizontal] [and] [surrounding] application. Use appropriate holding device to assure fabric position. For vertical or horizontal application, a minimum [50] [_____] mm [2] [_____] inch soil cover is required over the top [surface] [edge]. A minimum [450] [_____] mm [18] [_____] inch extension of fabric beyond the structure area to be protected is required to prevent root growth from growing around fabric edges.] [Install [cylindrical] [linear] polypropylene barrier a minimum [12.70] [25] [_____] mm [1/2] [one] [_____] inch above finish grade to prevent root growth over the barrier. Backfill the outside of the barrier with 19 to 25 mm 3/4 to one gravel a minimum width of [50] [_____] [2] [_____] inches. For linear barrier application use appropriate device to connect two pieces.] ][3.3.6 Subsoil Drainage for Plant Pits and Beds NOTE: Drawings shall indicate areas where subsoil drainage will be required to provide for adequate drainage of areas to be planted. NOTE: If Section 02630 is utilized, delete requirements for Subsoil Drainage for Plant Pits and Beds. Provide as indicated. [Lay perforated drain pipe with perforations down.] Backfill trenches as specified in Section [31 00 00 EARTHWORK][31 23 00.00 20 EXCAVATION AND FILL]. ]3.4 PLANT BED PREPARATION Verify location of underground utilities prior to excavation. Protect existing adjacent turf before excavations are made. Do not disturb topsoil and vegetation in areas outside those indicated on Drawings. Where planting beds occur in existing turf areas, remove turf to a depth that will ensure removal of entire root system. Measure depth of plant pits from finished grade. Depth of plant pit excavation shall be as indicated and provide proper relation between top of root ball and finished grade. Install plant material as specified in paragraph entitled "Plant Installation." Do not install trees within 10 feet of any utility lines or building walls. 3.5 PLANT INSTALLATION 3.5.1 Individual Plant Pit Excavation Excavate pits at least [twice as large][[400] [_____] mm[16] [_____] inches larger] in diameter as the size of ball or container to depth shown. 3.5.2 Plant Beds with Multiple Plants Excavate plant beds continuously throughout entire bed as outlined to depth shown. 3.5.3 Handling and Setting Move plant materials only by supporting the [root ball] [container]. [Set plants on hand compacted layer of prepared backfill soil mixture [150] [_____] mm [6] [_____] inches thick][Set plants on native soil] and hold plumb in the center of the pit until soil has been tamped firmly around root ball. Set plant materials, in relation to surrounding finish grade, [[25 to 50] [_____ to _____] mm[one to 2] [_____ to _____] inches above] [[_____] mm inches below] depth at which they were grown in the nursery, collecting field or container. Replace plant material whose root balls are cracked or damaged either before or during the planting process. Plant material shall be set in plant beds according to the drawings. Backfill soil mixture shall be placed on previously scarified subsoil to completely surround the root balls, and shall be brought to a smooth and even surface, blending to existing areas. 3.5.3.1 Balled and Burlapped Stock Backfill with [prepared soil mixture] [topsoil] to approximately half the depth of ball and then tamp and water. Carefully remove or fold back excess burlap and tying materials from the top a minimum 1/3 depth from the top of the rootball. Tamp and complete backfill, place mulch topdressing, and water. Remove wires and non-biodegradable materials from plant pit prior to backfill operations. 3.5.3.2 Bare-Root Stock Plant so roots are arranged in a natural position. Place roots in water a minimum of 30 minutes prior to planting. Carefully work [prepared soil mixture] [topsoil] among roots. Tamp remainder of backfill, place mulch topdressing and water. 3.5.3.3 Container Grown Stock Remove from container and prevent damage to plant or root system. 3.5.3.4 Ground Covers and Vines NOTE: Choose one of the following options. Choose the second option for SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM projects. [Plant after placing mulch topdressing. Do not remove plant materials from flats or containers until immediately before planting. Space at intervals indicated. Plant at a depth to sufficiently cover all roots. Start watering areas planted as required by temperature and wind conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of soil to a depth of [150] [_____] mm [6] [_____] inches without run off or puddling. Smooth planting areas after planting to provide even, smooth finish. [Mulch as indicated.]] [Smooth planting areas before planting to provide even, smooth finish. Plant after placing weed control fabric and mulch topdressing. Do not remove plant material from flats or containers until immediately before planting. Space at the intervals indicated. Plant at a depth to sufficiently cover all roots. Start watering areas planted as required by temperature and wind conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of soil to a depth of [150] [_____] mm [6] [_____] inches without run off or puddling. Add mulch topdressing as needed.] 3.5.4 Earth Mounded Watering Basin for Individual Plant Pits [Form with topsoil around each plant by replacing a mound of topsoil around the edge of each plant pit. Watering basins shall be 150 mm 6 inches deep for trees and 100 mm 4 inches deep for shrubs. Eliminate basins around plants in plant beds containing multiple plants.] [Form with topsoil around each plant by placing a mound of topsoil around the edge of each plant pit. Watering basins shall be 150 mm 6 inches deep for trees and 100 mm 4 inches deep for shrubs. Construct watering basin in a 1.4 m 4 1/2 foot diameter circle around specimen (not planted in a close group) trees and shrubs.] [3.5.5 Weed Control Fabric Installation Remove grass and weed vegetation, including roots, from within the area enclosed by edging. Completely cover areas enclosed by edging with specified weed control fabric prior to placing mulch layer. Overlap cut edges [150] [_____] mm [6] [_____] inches. ][3.5.6 Erosion Control Material Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. ]3.5.7 Placement of Mulch Topdressing Place specified mulch topdressing on top of weed control fabric covering total area enclosed by edging. Place mulch topdressing to a depth of [75] [_____] mm [3] [_____] inches. 3.5.8 Mulch Topdressing Provide mulch topdressing over entire planter bed surfaces and individual plant surfaces including earth mound watering basin around plants to a depth of [75] [_____] mm [3] [_____] inches after completion of plant installation and before watering. Keep mulch out of the crowns of shrubs. Place mulch a minimum 50 to 75 mm 2 to 3 inches [_____] away from trunk of shrub or tree. Place on top of any weed control fabric. [3.5.9 Installation of Edging Uniformly edge beds of plants to provide a clear cut division line between planted area and adjacent lawn. Construct bed shapes as indicated. Install [wood] [plastic] [concrete] edging material [as indicated] [and] [as per manufacturer's instructions]. [Install edging material in a perfect 1.22 m 4 foot diameter circle inside the 1.37 m 4 1/2 foot watering basin, around individual specimen trees and shrubs not planted in a close group.] Install edging with minimum[ 25 mm][ one inch][_____] left above ground level. ]3.5.10 Fertilization NOTE: Fertilizer planting tablets are the most commonly used and convenient method of pre-planting fertilization. Other types of fertilizer including bone meal or other organic fertilizers or granular fertilizers may be specified when appropriate. Number of tablets or quantity of other fertilizers should be inserted in blanks and should be based on agronomist's recommendations. 3.5.10.1 Fertilizer Tablets Place fertilizer planting tablets evenly spaced around the plant pits to the manufacturer's recommended depth. 3.5.10.2 Granular Fertilizer Apply granular fertilizer as a top coat prior to placing mulch layer and water thoroughly. 3.5.11 Watering Start watering areas planted as required by temperature and wind conditions. Slow deep watering shall be used. Apply water at a rate sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of soil to a depth of [300] [_____] mm [12] [_____] inches without run off or puddling. Watering of other plant material or adjacent areas shall be prevented. 3.5.12 Staking and Guying 3.5.12.1 Staking NOTE: Select methods of staking each tree based on the size and species of the tree and local wind conditions. Stake plants with the number of stakes indicated complete with [double strand of 12 gage guy wire] [_____] as detailed. Attach [guy wire] [_____] half the tree height but not more than 1.5 m 5 feet high. Drive stakes to a depth of [0.80 to 0.91] [_____] m [2 1/2 to 3] [_____] feet into the ground outside the plant pit. Do not injure the root ball. [Use hose chafer guards where guy wire comes in contact with tree trunk.] 3.5.12.2 Guying NOTE: Select methods of guying each tree based on the size and species of the tree and local wind conditions. Guy plants as indicated. Attach [two strands of guying wire] [guying cable] around the tree trunk at an angle of 0.785 rad 45 degrees at approximately 1/2 of the trunk height [_____]. Protect tree trunks with chafing guards where guying [wire] [cable] contacts the tree trunk. Anchor guys to [deadmen wood blocks] [wood ground stakes] [malleable iron anchors] [steel screw anchors]. Fasten flags to each guying [wire] [cable] approximately 2/3 of the distance up from ground level. [Provide turnbuckles as indicated.] 3.5.12.3 Chafing Guards Use hose chafing guards, as specified where guy [wire] [cable] will contact the plant. [3.5.12.4 Deadmen Place deadmen minimum 450 mm 18 inches below ground surface. Place equal distance from tree trunk and around the plant pit. ][3.5.12.5 Wood Ground Stakes Drive wood ground stakes into firm ground outside of plant pit with top of stake flush with ground. Place equal distance from tree trunk and around the plant pit. ][3.5.12.6 Iron Anchors Drive malleable iron anchors into firm ground outside of plant pit a minimum 750 mm 30 inches below finish grade. Place equal distance from tree trunk and around the plant pit. ][3.5.12.7 Steel Screw Anchors Insert steel screw anchors as recommended in manufacturer's data. Place equal distance from tree trunk and around the plant pit. ][3.5.12.8 Flags Securely fasten flags on each guy [wire] [and][cable] [approximately two-thirds of the distance up from ground level]. ]3.5.13 Pruning NOTE: Check with the local Agriculture county Extension Service Office for recommended pruning season for the project area. Insert the dates in the subject paragraph. Prune in accordance with safety requirement of ANSI Z133.1. 3.5.13.1 Trees and Shrubs Remove dead and broken branches. Prune to correct structural defects only. Retain typical growth shape of individual plants with as much height and spread as practical. Do not cut central leader on trees. Make cuts with sharp instruments. Do not flush cut with trunk or adjacent branches. Collars shall remain in place. Pruning shall be accomplished by trained and experienced personnel and shall be accordance with ANSI A300. 3.5.13.2 Wound Dressing Do not apply tree wound dressing to cuts. 3.6 RESTORATION AND CLEAN UP 3.6.1 Restoration Turf areas, pavements and facilities that have been damaged from the planting operation shall be restored to original condition at the Contractor's expense. 3.6.2 Clean Up Excess and waste material shall be removed from the installed area and shall be [disposed offsite at an approved landfill, recycling center, or composting center][composted on site]. Separate and recycle or reuse the following landscape waste materials: [nylon straps,] [wire,] [ball wrap,] [burlap,] [wood stakes,] [_____]. Adjacent paved areas shall be cleared.