USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-44 41 13.19 (April 2006)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-44 41 13.19 (August 2004)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 44 41 13.19
COMPOSTING TOILET
04/06
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for packaged composting
toilets that can be used for human waste treatment at remote sites where a power
source (AC or DC) is provided but water is not.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN WOOD PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (AWPA)AWPA P5(2005) Standard for Waterborne Preservatives][ASM INTERNATIONAL (ASM)ASM 06118G(1993) ASM Metals Reference Book (3rd Ed)][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 1248(2005) Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and CableASTM D 1505(2003) Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueASTM D 1525(2007) Vicat Softening Temperature of PlasticsASTM D 1593(1999) Standard Specification for Non-rigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and SheetingASTM D 2765(2001; R 2006) Determination of Gel Content and Swell Ratio of Crosslinked Ethylene PlasticsASTM D 4357(1996) Plastic Laminates Made from Woven-Roving and Woven-Yarn Glass FabricsASTM D 638(2008) Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsASTM D 746(2007) Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by ImpactASTM D 790(2007e1) Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsASTM D 883(2008) Terminology Relating to Plastics][BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (BHMA)BHMA A156.1(2006) Butts and Hinges][U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)CID A-A-272(Rev A; Notice 2) Caulking Compounds]1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Provide the large, continuous composting type composting toilet. Add wastes at the top of the pile so that the
composting material will eventually flow by gravity to the finished compost area as the underlying finished compost
is removed. The composting toilet shall include the composting chamber, ventilation fan and vent stack, stool
with chute, and urinal with piping. These elements and necessary related appurtenances and pieces shall be supplied
by a single composting toilet manufacturer.
1.2.1 Design
The composting chamber shall hold a minimum of [_____] cubic meter feet of composting material. The composting
chamber shall receive wastes from [_____] stools, and from [_____] urinals. Design the vents, air ducts, and
air inlets to the composting chamber so that air can flow from the user compartment into the composting chamber
but not in the reverse direction, and so that no air can reach the vent without first passing through the composting
material. The toilet shall be designed so that all liquid entering the composting chamber will drain over and
through the composting pile, and not along the chamber walls. The toilet shall collect all excess liquid to
an easily accessible liquid holding area. The toilet shall [contain a pump for removing excess liquid] [be equipped
with a drainage port in the bottom of the liquid holding area that can be connected to a liquid disposal system].
Depending on liquid volume, expected usage, and if a pump is used, the pump shall be a permanently installed
[automatic] [manual] variety with automatic control. The toilet shall be designed and constructed so that liquids
can enter the composting chamber only through the waste ports. Materials and joints in the toilet shall be impermeable
to liquids and not subject to biological, chemical, or physical corrosion. Wood shall be preserved in accordance
with AWPA P5.
1.2.2 Performance
The composting toilet shall produce an inert, odor-free compost with a moisture content less than 60 percent.
The finished compost shall not produce enough gas to inflate a plastic bag which is 80 percent full of compost
after being sealed in the bag for 24 hours at an ambient temperature. The toilet shall prevent the entry of
insects in the user compartment and surrounding area through the use of noncorrosive screens over all air and
ventilation inlets. Assure that the composting toilet is installed properly and demonstrate that it will operate
properly.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Detail Drawings[; G][; G, [_____]]
Installation[; G][; G, [_____]]
Detail drawings of equipment and material to be provided. Detail drawings containing complete
wiring and schematic diagrams and other details required to demonstrate that the system is coordinated
and will function properly as a unit. Drawings shall show proposed layout and anchorage of
equipment and appurtenances, and equipment relationship to other parts of the work, including
clearances for maintenance and operation.
SD-03 Product Data
Composting Toilet[; G][; G, [_____]]
Manufacturer's descriptive data and technical literature, performance charts and curves, catalog
cuts, and installation instructions. Spare parts data, including a complete list of parts and
supplies, with current unit prices and source of supply, and a list of the parts recommended
by the manufacturer to be replaced after [1] [and] [3] years of service, after approval of the
detail drawing and not later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy.
Battery Capacity
Calculations which prove that the batteries will provide power for the periods indicated.
Photovoltaic Thin-film Modules
Calculations which prove that the system designed will provide power for the periods indicated.
Framed Instructions
Proposed diagrams, instructions and other sheets for framed instructions.
SD-06 Test Reports
Acceptance Tests
Installation
Factory test results attesting to manufacturing quality control of the proposed system, at
least [_____] days before the Contracting Officer approves or disapproves the composting toilet
proposed for installation. Document [_____] installations of composting toilets, essentially
identical to the composting toilet installed under this specification, and that those installations
have at least [_____] consecutive years of operating experience. Include available operating
data for each of the [_____] installations, along with the names, addresses, and telephone numbers
of personnel at the [_____] installations that will furnish information upon request regarding
questions of interest to the Contracting Officer.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Composting Toilet
Operation manual outlining step-by-step procedures required for system operation. Include
with the instructions the manufacturer's name, model number, service manual, parts list, and
brief description of all equipment and their basic operating features. Maintenance manual listing
routine maintenance procedures, possible breakdowns and repairs. Include with the manual diagrams
for the system as installed.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Protect from the weather, humidity and temperature variations, dirt, dust, and other contaminants equipment delivered
and placed in storage.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 JOINT SEALANTS
Joint sealants shall be resistant to water and biological decomposition in conformance with CID A-A-272.
2.2 LUMBER
Lumber used for the tank support shall be pressure-treated or preserved sanded, two sided (S2S) construction-grade
pine or fir without excess crown. The lumber shall be treated for preservation in accordance with AWPA P5.
2.3 DRAIN PIPE
The drain pipe from the urinal to the composting tank shall be at least 32 mm 1-1/4 inches inside diameter (ID)
and sloped continuously toward the tank. The pipe shall be made of a corrosion-resistant material. The pipe
outlet to the composting tank shall be located such that the urine flows onto or close to the center of the compost
pile, to ensure that the urine flows through the pile and does not short-circuit down the tank walls.
2.4 STOOL, CHUTE, SEAT, AND LID
The toilet stool shall be constructed in two pieces, an exterior piece that shall be permanently connected to
the floor of the user compartment and an interior piece that is mounted inside the exterior piece and conveys
wastes into the toilet chute. The interior piece shall be constructed of high-density polyethylene, fiberglass,
or stainless steel (Type 304). The exterior piece shall be constructed of [high-density polyethylene] [fiberglass]
[oak] [stainless steel]. The top of the installed toilet stool shall be a minimum of 360 to a maximum of 460
mm 14 to a maximum of 18 inches above the user compartment floor. The minimum diameter of the interior piece
opening into the chute shall be 300 mm 12 inches. The toilet chute shall be fabricated from stainless steel
(0.4775 to 0.6350 mm 24 to 26 gauge), high-density polyethylene, or fiberglass, and may be fabricated in one
piece or in several pieces that are assembled in the field. The chute shall be attached to the composting toilet
with a chute/tank connector fabricated from the same material as the chute. The seat and lid shall be fabricated
from high-density polyethylene, ABS plastic, hardwood, or stainless steel. The toilet, chute, chute/tank connector,
seat, and lid shall be provided by the composting toilet manufacturer and shall be certified by the manufacturer
to be compatible with the manufacturer's composting toilet.
2.5 COMPOSTING VENTILATION SYSTEM
Install a ventilation system to draw air through the composting tank to provide a continuous supply of oxygen
to the compost pile, ensuring that aerobic decomposition and dehydration occur. The ventilation system shall
also draw off odors or gases generated by the pile. Provide a system with the following components:
a. An electrically powered exhaust fan, installed and sized to provide a minimum flow of 0.042 to 0.057
cubic meters/second 90 to 120 cfm of air. The fan shall be as high as possible in the building, but
easily accessible for maintenance or replacement. The fan shall not be closer than 760 mm 30 inches
to the roof and a maximum of 1.8 m 6 feet from a power disconnect. A 110 volt fan shall be used if alternating
current (ac) is available. If ac power is not available, a 12 volt direct current (dc) fan may be substituted
and powered by a solar power generating system. Solar power generating array shall be roof mounted and
consist of amorphous photovoltaic thin-film modules with a minimum power output required to operate the
fan and recharge the battery at one sun. Array nominal voltage rating shall be 12 volts dc. Storage
battery shall consist of sealed, liquid, lead-acid, deep-cycle batteries with absolute style plate technology.
This configuration permits the fan to operate at night, and during overcast conditions. The battery
storage area shall be secured and ventilated to prevent the buildup of explosive gases. The battery
capacity shall provide a minimum of 18 hours continuous operation without recharging.
b. An interior vent pipe, at least 150 mm 6 inches in diameter, extending from the composting tank to
support box just under the exterior roof. If elbows are used, they shall have minimal bend and frequency
of occurrence. Vent pipe shall be made of a corrosion-resistant material. Pipes shall be installed
with the bell down to prevent the entry of water. Joints shall be taped using duct tape.
c. An exterior pipe extending from the support box to the rain cap. The pipe shall be surrounded with
insulation (fiberglass or equivalent R-1.23 (7) R-7). The exterior pipe shall extend at least 600 mm
2 feet above the peak or highest point of the roof. Pipes shall be installed with the bell down to
prevent the entry of water. Elbows greater than 45 degrees shall not be used. Elbows shall be made
of, or coated with, a corrosion-resistant material.
d. Vent pipe roof sleeves made of, or coated with, a corrosion-resistant material.
e. A slip joint installed above the fan for the easy removal of the fan. The sleeve of the slip joint
shall be long enough to slide down and close the gap left by the fan when the fan is removed.
f. A support box installed under the roof to connect the interior and exterior vent pipes. The support
box shall be made of, or coated with, a corrosion-resistant material.
g. A roof jack and rain collar. These components shall be made of, or coated with, a corrosion-resistant
material.
h. A rain cap mounted on the top of the exterior vent pipe. The rain cap shall be made of, or coated
with, a corrosion-resistant material.
i. Braces installed on the exterior vent pipe if winds greater than 80 km/hour 50 mph or snow load greater
than 900 mm 3 feet can be expected, or if the exterior pipe extends more than 1.2 m 4 feet above the
peak of the roof.
2.6 URINALS
One trough urinal shall be installed for each composting unit. This trough shall be made of stainless steel
or corrosion-resistant material. The trough shall be at least 660 mm 26 inches long and 200 mm 8 inches deep;
the back shall extend at least 890 mm 35 inches above the bottom of the trough to protect the wall in back of
the urinal. The urinal shall be mounted at a height of approximately 400 mm 16 inches.
2.7 COMPOST BAFFLES
There shall be two baffles, front and back, to form a compartment to contain the compost pile. The front baffle
shall be attached securely; however, sealing is not required.
2.8 LIQUID BAFFLE, DRAIN PORTS, AND SCREENS
A liquid baffle with a screen shall be installed at the front of the compost tank to retain the compost, and
permit the passage of water seeping from the compost pile. The screen openings shall be at least 6 mm 1/4 inch
to minimize plugging. The screen shall be easily accessible so that it can be checked for plugging and can
be cleaned. A drain port shall be provided in front of the liquid baffle to drain any seepage to a wastewater
collection or treatment system. The drain port shall be as low as possible in front of the liquid baffle so
that no water stands in the bottom of the tank. An overflow drain shall be provided to permit the drainage of
water should the drain plug become clogged. The overflow port shall be just below the level of the top of the
liquid baffle. The drain line shall be at least 32 mm 1-1/4 inches ID.
2.9 LIQUID DRAIN FITTINGS
Fittings shall be made of corrosion-resistant or impervious material such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene,
or stainless steel.
2.10 AIR DUCTS
At least 2 air ducts shall be provided to carry air beneath the compost pile. The air ducts shall be constructed
of a material impervious to corrosion and to biological decomposition.
2.11 AIR INTAKES
Air intakes shall be provided at the front of the compost tank. Intakes shall be at least 5800 square mm 9 square
inches in cross section.
2.12 SIGNS
Signs shall be affixed to the major components of the composting toilet that identify those components. The
names on the signs shall be consistent with the identifying names in the operating instructions. Other signs
shall be placed securely in the user compartment telling users that trash, cigarettes and matches thrown into
the toilet can interfere with the composting process or set the compost pile on fire.
2.13 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
If fire extinguishers are used, they shall be of a type that will not interfere with the composting process (ammonium
phosphate type is acceptable).
2.14 COMPOST RAKE
A conventionally sized (approximately 1.5 m 5 foot long handle, 300 mm 12 inch side-toothed end), commercially
available garden rake or cultivator (approximately 1.5 m 5 foot long handle, 150 mm 6 inch tined head) shall
be supplied for raking the compost pile.
2.15 COMPOST HOLDING TANK
2.15.1 Design
The tank that shall receive and hold the human wastes during composting (the compost holding tank) shall be designed
so that wastes enter from the top of the tank, and the composting material and excess liquid are removed from
the bottom of the composting pile. The tank may be supplied in 1, 2, or 3 pieces; tanks supplied in more than
1 piece shall be bolted together in place. The tank shall be constructed of [plastic] [layered polyester fiberglass]
[stainless steel] or an equivalent material that is impermeable to water and is corrosion-resistant. The inner
surfaces of the tank shall be constructed of material that is not susceptible to chemical or biological decomposition
and is impervious to the absorption of waste and chemical derivatives. The tank bottom shall slope towards the
compost removal and liquid removal areas of the tank. The tank walls and floor shall be designed to resist forces
equal to or greater than the hydrostatic forces that would occur if the tank were filled with water with a maximum
deflection in the walls or floor of 13 mm 1/2 inch. The tank roof shall resist a 445N 100 pound load, with a
maximum deflection of 13 mm 1/2 inch. The tank shall be equipped with a door that provides access to the bottom
of the composting pile and an inspection door opening into the area above the composting pile as specified.
The composting tank selected for installation shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer, and
shall be based on the detail drawings.
2.15.2 Polyethylene Tank
NOTE: When a polyethylene tank is specified, delete paragraphs "Fiberglass
Tank" and "Stainless Steel Tank".
2.15.2.1 Alternative Standards I
ASTM D 1248, Type 1, Class M, Grade 2, Category 3, with the following additional requirements:
a. The resin shall contain [stabilizers] [pigmentation] to resist ultraviolet degradation (for occasional
exposure).
b. The [uncolored] [unfilled] resin density range shall be 0.938 to 0.942 grams per mL 0.938 to 0.942
grams per mL.
c. The resin shall have a maximum melt index of 5.
2.15.2.2 Alternative Standards II
Alternatively, the following standards apply.
a. Unless otherwise indicated, the plastics technology used shall be in accordance with the definitions
given in ASTM D 883.
b. The molding resin shall not contain any fillers. All plastics shall contain a minimum of 0.25 percent
ultraviolet stabilizer and a maximum of 0.50 percent. Pigments may be added but shall not exceed 1.0
percent of the weight of the molded compost shell.
c. The minimum mechanical properties of the materials are as follows based on molded parts:
Property ASTM Value Units
Density ASTM D 1505 (0.935 - 0.940) gm/cc
ESCR spec. thickness ASTM D 1593 900-1000 hr
125 mils F50
Tensile strength ASTM D 638
ultimate 2 in./min. Type IV Spec. 17,925 kPa
Elongation at ASTM D 638
break 2 in./min. Type IV Spec. 400 percent
Vicat softening temp. ASTM D 1525 116 degrees C
Brittleness temp. ASTM D 746 minus 118 degrees C
Flexural modulus ASTM D 790 690.5-758.4 MN/square meter
(100,000-110,000)
Property ASTM Value Units
Density ASTM D 1505 59 (0.933-0.940) lb/cu ft
ESCR spec. thickness ASTM D 1593 900-1000 hr
125 mils F50
Tensile strength ASTM D 638
ultimate 2 in./min. Type IV Spec. 2600 psi
Elongation at ASTM D 638
break 2 in./min. Type IV Spec. 400 percent
Vicat softening temp. ASTM D 1525 240 degrees F
Brittleness temp. ASTM D 746 minus 180 degrees F
Flexural modulus ASTM D 790 100, 1000-110,000 psi
d. The finished surface of the molded part shall be as free as possible through commercial processing
from visual defects such as foreign inclusions, air bubbles, pinholes, and craters. Cut edges shall
be trimmed and smooth.
e. Composting tank shells shall be molded to a nominal 10 mm 3/8 inch thickness. Physical dimensions
shall be taken externally and shall fall within plus or minus 1 percent of the required dimensions.
2.15.3 Fiberglass Tank
NOTE: When a fiberglass tank is specified, delete paragraphs "Polyethylene
Tank" and paragraph "Stainless Steel Tank."
Fiberglass construction shall follow appropriate industrial standards. The holding tank inside and outside layers
of the polyester-glass laminates shall conform to ASTM D 4357 and the gel coating shall be a minimum of 2 mm
1/16 inch thick, impervious to corrosion and microbial degradation. The next layers shall be 12 to 25 mm 0.5
to 1.0 inch of high-density polyurethane insulation. The mats shall be saturated with isothalic resin.
2.15.4 Stainless Steel Tank
NOTE: When a stainless steel tank is specified, delete paragraphs "Polyethylene
Tank" and paragraph "Fiberglass Tank." In general, stainless steel is not recommended
due to its corrosivity.
Stainless steel tank shall be constructed in accordance with ASM 06118G.
2.16 COMPOST ACCESS DOOR
NOTE: Metal hinges are permissible, but it is recommended that an appropriate
plastic hinge be substituted because plastic is corrosion-resistant.
2.16.1 Design and Construction
The compost holding tank shall be equipped with a door mounted above the finished compost holding area to remove
compost and to detect and remove excess liquid. The minimum door opening shall be 0.339 square meters 525 square
inches. The door shall be constructed of material that is impermeable to water, corrosion-resistant, and not
susceptible to attack by composting organisms. The door shall support a minimum of 1.33 kN 300 pounds with a
maximum deflection of 13 mm 1/2 inch. The door opening shall be positioned such that personnel can see all of
the finished compost and liquid storage excess liquid without requiring their heads or torsos to enter the composting
tank. The door shall be attached to the compost holding tank with stainless steel hinges meeting the standards
of BHMA A156.1, or a full-length stainless steel piano hinge, or with plastic hinges. The door shall stay in
any open position, when required, without braces or other external support or restraint. Normally, the door
shall remain closed, and shall be equipped with a stainless steel latch that is easily operated by personnel
but that prevents animals from entering the composting chamber.
2.16.2 Surrounding Area
The area around the compost access door shall be designed so that maintenance personnel can remove compost while
in a standing position. A dry, stable work platform shall be provided with adequate area for personnel movement
and placement of the buckets or bags receiving the removed compost or liquids. Stairs or ramps to the compost
removal area shall be designed to allow easy access to the area and safe transportation of compost and liquid
containers from the area.
2.17 INSPECTION DOOR
NOTE: Metal hinges are permissible, but it is recommended that an appropriate
plastic hinge be substituted because plastic is corrosion-resistant.
2.17.1 Design and Construction
The compost holding tank shall be equipped with a door near the top of the tank which shall be used to remove
debris, to rake the top of the compost pile, to observe the pile surface, to add water, and to perform other
necessary operation and maintenance activities on the pile surface. The minimum door opening shall be 0.186
square meters 288 square inches. The door opening shall be constructed of material that is impermeable to water,
corrosion-resistant, and not susceptible to attack by composting organisms. The door opening shall be positioned
so that personnel can see all of the pile surface from outside the tank and can reach all of the pile surface
without requiring their head or torsos to enter the composting tank. The door shall be attached to the compost
holding tank with aluminum or stainless steel piano hinge, or with plastic hinges. The door shall be designed
to stay in an open position when required, without braces or other external support or restraint. Normally,
the door shall remain closed, and shall be equipped with a stainless steel latch that is easily operated by personnel
but that prevents animals from entering the composting chamber.
2.17.2 Maintenance Provisions
The area in front of the inspection door shall be designed so that maintenance personnel shall have a stable,
level platform to stand upon while inspecting the top of the compost pile. The platform surface shall be constructed
at an elevation that shall put the center of the inspection door at eye level of maintenance personnel using
the platform. An area in front of the inspection door shall be kept clear of obstructions that would interfere
with inserting a 1.8 m 6 foot long rake through the inspection door.
2.18 MOLDED UNIT INSPECTION
Each molded unit shall be visually inspected to ensure that it is as free as possible from defects. In addition,
test samples shall be taken from a "cut-away" section of the compost tank shell and the following tests performed:
a. Impact Test: ASTM D 746 shall be used for this test. Sample shall not shatter at 162.7 J (120 foot
pounds) 120 foot pounds at minus 29 degrees C minus 20 degrees F (minimum).
b. Degree of Cross-Linking Test: Using ASTM D 2765, a minimum gel of 70 percent must be reported on
the inside half of the sample.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
Install toilet in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions and in accordance with the approved
submittals. The toilet shall be installed using craftsmen and laborers with demonstrable experience and, where
appropriate, certification or license in the required skills. Ensure that composting toilet is in working order.
3.2 CLEANING
The installed composting toilet, enclosure, and appurtenances shall be thoroughly cleaned.
3.3 FRAMED INSTRUCTIONS
Framed operating instructions, under glass or in laminated plastic, including wiring and control diagrams showing
the complete layout of the entire system, shall be posted where directed. Condensed operating instructions explaining
preventive maintenance procedures, methods of checking the system for normal, safe operation, and procedures
for starting and maintaining the system safely shall be prepared in typed form, framed as specified for the wiring
and control instructions and posted beside the diagrams.
3.4 TRAINING COURSE
Conduct a training course for the operating staff as designated by the Contracting Officer. The training period
shall consist of a total of [_____] hours of normal working time, and shall start after the system is functionally
completed but prior to final acceptance tests. The field instructions shall cover all of the items contained
in the operating and maintenance instructions, as well as demonstrations of routine maintenance operations.
Notify the Contracting Officer at least 14 days in advance of proposed beginning of the training course.