SECTION 02223

BACKFILLING

PART 1 GENERAL

SECTION INCLUDES

Building perimeter [and site structure] backfilling [to subgrade elevations.]

Site filling and backfilling.

Fill under [slabs-on-grade] [paving] [_______________].

Consolidation and compaction.

Fill for over-excavation.

[Sheet vapor retardant and [__________] cover over crawl space and fill.]

RELATED SECTIONS

Section [01400 - Quality Control:] [01410 - Testing Laboratory Services]: Testing Fill compaction.

Section 02218 - Landscape Grading: Filling of topsoil [and] [__________] to finish grade elevation.

Section 02222 - Excavation.

Section 02225 - Trenching: Backfilling of utility trenches.

Section 02710 - Subdrainage Systems: Filter aggregate [and filter fabric] over [underfloor and] building perimeter tile drainage.

Section 03300 - Cast-in-Place Concrete: Concrete materials.

REFERENCES

ANSI/ASTM C136 - Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.

ANSI/ASTM D698 - Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures, Using 5.5 lb (2.49 kg) Rammer and 12 inch (304.8 mm) Drop.

ANSI/ASTM D1556 - Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method.

ANSI/ASTM D1557 - Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 10 lb (4.54 kg) Rammer and 18 inch (457 mm) Drop.

SUBMITTALS

Submit under provisions of Section [01300.] [_____.]

Samples: Submit [10] [_____] lb. ([4.5] [_____] kg) sample of [each type of] [Type [_____]] fill to testing laboratory, in air-tight containers.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

FILL MATERIALS

Type A - [Coarse Stone] [Crushed] [Gravel] [_____]: [Pit run,] [Angular,] [_____,] [washed] natural stone; free of shale, clay, friable material, sand, debris; graded [in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C136] within the following limits:

Sieve_Size	Percent_Passing

2 inches (50 mm)	[100] [_____]

One inch (25 mm)	[95] [_____]

3/4 inch (19 mm) [95] [_____] to [100] [_____] 5/8 inch (16 mm) [75] [_____] to [100] [_____] 3/8 inch (9 mm) [55] [_____] to [85] [_____] No. [4] [_____] [35] [_____] to [60] [_____]

([4.75] [_____] mm)

No. [16] [_____]	[15] [_____] to [35] [_____]

([1.18] [_____] mm)

No. [40] [_____]	[10] [_____] to [25] [_____]

([450] [_____] mm)

No. [200] [_____]	[5] [_____] to [10] [_____]

([75] [_____] micro m)

Type B - [Pea Gravel:] [__________:] Natural stone; [washed,] free of clay, shale, organic matter; graded [in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C136,] to the following:

Minimum Size: [1/4] [_____] inch ([6] [_____] mm).

Maximum Size: [5/8] [_____] inch ([16] [_____] mm).

Type C - [Sand:] [_____:] Natural river or bank sand; [washed:] free of silt, clay, loam, friable or soluble materials, or organic matter; graded [in accordance with ANSI/ASTM C136,] within the following limits:

Sieve_Size	Percent_Passing

No. [4] [_____]	[100] [_____]

([4.75] [_____] mm)

No. [14] [_____]	[10] [_____] to [100] [_____]

([1.40] [_____] mm)

No. [50] [_____]	[5] [_____] to [90] [_____]

([300] [_____] micro m)

No. [100] [_____]	[4] [_____] to [30] [_____]

([150] [_____] micro m)

No. [200] [_____]	[0] [_____]

([75] [_____] micro m)

Type D - [Blended Material] [_______]: [_______________.]

Type E - [Select Fill] [ _______]: [_______________.]

Type F - [Structural Fill] [ _______]: [_______________.]

[Type G - [Soil Cement:] [ _______]: [_______________.]

Subsoil: [Reused,] [Imported,] free of gravel larger than [3] [_____] inch([75] [_____] mm) size, and debris.

Concrete: [Lean concrete] [Structural concrete conforming to Section [03300] [_____] with a compressive strength of [_____] psi ([_____] MPa)].

ACCESSORIES

Geotextile Fabric: [____________________.]

Vapor Retardant: [10] [_____] mil ([0.25] [_____] mm) thick, [polyethylene.] [_______________.]

PART 3 EXECUTION

EXAMINATION

Verify fill materials to be reused are acceptable.

Verify foundation perimeter drainage installation has been inspected.

Verify underground tanks are anchored to their own foundation to avoid floatation after backfilling.

PREPARATION

Generally, compact subgrade to density requirements for subsequent backfill materials.

Cut out soft areas of subgrade not capable of insitu compaction. Backfill with Type [B] [C] [_____] fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent backfill material.

Prior to placement of aggregate base course material at [gravel] [_____] paved areas, compact subsoil to [95] [_____] percent of its maximum dry density in accordance with ANSI/ASTM D698.

BACKFILLING

Backfill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen materials.

Systematically backfill to allow maximum time for natural settlement. Do not backfill over porous, wet, frozen or spongy subgrade surfaces.

Place geotextile fabric to [over Type [A] [_____] fill] [_________________] prior to placing next lift of fill.

[Granular] [__________] Fill: Place and compact materials in continuous layers not exceeding [6] [8] [_____] inches ([150] [200] [_____] mm) compacted depth.

[Soil] [__________] Fill: Place and compact material in continuous layers not exceeding [8] [12] [_____] inches ([200] [300] [_____] mm) compacted depth.

Employ a placement method that does not disturb or damage [foundation perimeter drainage] [foundation dampproofing] [foundation waterproofing [and protective cover]] [utilities in trenches.] [__________.]

Maintain optimum moisture content of backfill materials to attain required compaction density.

Backfill against supported [foundation walls.] [________.] Do not backfill against unsupported [foundation walls.] [__________.]

[Backfill simultaneously on each side of unsupported foundation walls [until supports are in place].]

Slope grade away from building minimum [2] [_____] inches in 10 ft ([50] [_____] mm in 3 m), unless noted otherwise.

Make grade changes gradual. Blend slope into level areas.

[Remove surplus backfill materials from site.]

Leave fill material stockpile areas completely free of excess fill materials.

TOLERANCES

Top Surface of Backfilling [Under Paved Areas] [__________]: Plus or minus [one] [_____] inch ([25] [_____] mm) from required elevations.

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

Field [inspection and] testing will be performed under provisions of Section [01400.] [_____.]

Tests and analysis of fill material will be performed in accordance with ANSI/ASTM [D698] [D1557] and with Section [01400.] [01410.]

Compaction testing will be performed in accordance with [ANSI/ASTM D1556] [ANSI/ASTM D1557] [ANSI/ASTM D698] and with Section [01400.] [01410.] [_____.]

If tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace and retest at no cost to Owner.

Frequency of Tests: [_______________.]

[Proof roll compacted fill surfaces under [slabs-on-grade] [pavers] [paving] [_______________.]

PROTECTION OF FINISHED WORK

Protect finished Work under provisions of Section [01500.] [_____.]

Recompact fills subjected to vehicular traffic.

SCHEDULE

Interior Crawl Spaces:

[Subsoil] [Type [_____]] fill, [_____] inches ([_____] mm) thick, compacted to [90] [_____] percent.

Cover with Type [B] [C] fill, [2] [_____] inches ([50] [_____] mm) thick, compacted to [95] [_____] percent.

Interior Slab-On-Grade:

[Type A] [_____] fill, [_____] inches ([_____] mm) thick, compacted to [95] [_____] percent,

[Cover with Type [C] [_____] fill, [2] [_____] inches ([50] [_____] mm) thick, compacted to [95] [_____] percent.]

Exterior Side of Foundation Walls [Retaining Walls] [and] [Over Granular Filter Material and Foundation Perimeter Drainage]:

[Subsoil] [Type [A] [_____] fill, [to subgrade elevation] [__________], each lift, compacted to [90] [_____] percent.

Underground Tanks:

Initial fill of Type [C] [_____], [_____] inches ([_____] mm) thick, compacted to [_____] percent,

Remaining fill of [Subsoil] [Type [_____]], [to subgrade elevation,] [__________,] compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill Under Grass Areas:

[Subsoil] [Type [_______]] fill, to [6] [_____] inches ([150] [_____] mm) below finish grade, compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill Under Landscaped Areas:

[Subsoil] Type [_____]] fill, to [12] [_____] inches ([300] [_____] mm) below finish grade, compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill for [French Drains:] [Well Points:]

Type [A] [_____] fill, to [_____] inches ([_____] mm) below finish grade, compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill Under Interlocking Pavers:

Type [A] [_____] fill, to underside of sand levelling bed specified in Section [_____], compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill Under [Asphalt] [Concrete] [_____] Paving:

Type [A] [_____] fill, to [_____] inches ([_____] mm) below finish paving elevation, compacted to [_____] percent.

Planter Boxes:

Type [A] [_____] fill, to height of [_____] inches ([_____] mm), [lightly] [_____] tamped.

Fill to Correct Over-excavation:

Lean concrete to minimum compressive strength of [1000] [_____] psi ([7] [_____] MPa).

****** [OR] ******

Concrete as specified.

****** [OR] ******

Type [A] [_____] fill, flush to required elevation, compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill over Drainage Piping Gravel Cover:

Type [E] [_____] fill, to [_____] inches ([_____] mm) below finish grade, compacted to [_____] percent.

Fill Over Excavation of [__________] Material:

Type [_____] fill, to [_____] inches ([_____] mm) below finish grade, compacted to [_____] percent.

END OF SECTION