USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-05 51 33 (August 2008)
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Preparing Activity: NAVFAC NEW
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 05 51 33
METAL LADDERS
08/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers requirements for metal ladders.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestion on this specification are welcome and should be directed
to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of the technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
NOTE: Show the following information on the drawings:
1. Location and configuration of all metalwork.
2. All sizes and dimensions.
3. Special fastenings, attachments or anchoring.
4. Location of products to be galvanized.
5. Location and support detail of ladders.
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (AA)AA 46(1978) Standards for Anodized Architectural AluminumAA DAF-45(2003) Designation System for Aluminum Finishes][AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS D1.1/D1.1M(2008) Structural Welding Code - Steel][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 123/A 123M(2008) Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsASTM A 153/A 153M(2005) Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel HardwareASTM A 36/A 36M(2008) Standard Specification for Carbon Structural SteelASTM A 47/A 47M(1999; R 2004) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip ProcessASTM A 500/A 500M(2007) Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and ShapesASTM A 53/A 53M(2007) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessASTM A 653/A 653M(2008) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip ProcessASTM A 780(2001; R 2006) Standard Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized CoatingsASTM A 924/A 924M(2008a) Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip ProcessASTM B 108/B 108M(2008) Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent Mold CastingsASTM B 209(2007) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateASTM B 209M(2007) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)ASTM B 221(2008) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesASTM B 221M(2007) Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric)ASTM B 26/B 26M(2005) Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand CastingsASTM D 1187(1997; R 2002e1) Asphalt-Base Emulsions for Use as Protective Coatings for Metal][MASTER PAINTERS INSTITUTE (MPI)MPI 79(Jan 2004) Alkyd Anti-Corrosive Metal Primer][THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS (SSPC)SSPC SP 3(2004; E 2004) Power Tool CleaningSSPC SP 6(7) Commercial Blast Cleaning][U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)29 CFR 1910.27Fixed Ladders]1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are [for information only.][for Contractor Quality Control approval.] When used, a designation following the
"G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Ladders, installation drawings
Ship's ladder (with or without guards), installation drawings
SD-03 Product Data
Ladders
Ship's ladder (with or without guards)
1.3 QUALIFICATION OF WELDERS
Qualify welders in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Use procedures, materials, and equipment of the type required
for the work.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND PROTECTION
Protect from corrosion, deformation, and other types of damage. Store items in an enclosed area free from contact
with soil and weather. Remove and replace damaged items with new items.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
NOTE: Product selections should be based on esthetic values, reliability and
cost. Delete alternate requirements where they occur.
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Structural Carbon Steel
ASTM A 36/A 36M.
2.1.2 Structural Tubing
ASTM A 500/A 500M.
2.1.3 Steel Pipe
ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E or S, Grade B.
2.1.4 Fittings for Steel Pipe
Standard malleable iron fittings ASTM A 47/A 47M.
2.1.5 Aluminum Alloy Products
Conform to ASTM B 209M ASTM B 209 for sheet plate, ASTM B 221M ASTM B 221 for extrusions and ASTM B 26/B 26M
or ASTM B 108/B 108M for castings, as applicable. Provide aluminum extrusions at least 3 mm 1/8 inch thick and
aluminum plate or sheet at least 1.3 mm 0.050 inch thick.
2.2 FABRICATION FINISHES
NOTE: In the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for coating materials show
exclusion or replacement of the following materials as intended ingredients:
asbestos, benzene, chromium compounds, coal tar, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-methoxyethanol
and their acetates, halogenated hydrocarbons, and lead compounds. The content
of volatile organic compounds (VOC), and marking, must be in compliance with
air quality regulations for the type of application and jurisdiction where used.
2.2.1 Galvanizing
NOTE: Specify galvanizing for items installed in exterior exposures subject
to salt spray or corrosive fumes and interior areas subject to continual wetting
or high humidity.
Hot-dip galvanize items specified to be zinc-coated, after fabrication where practicable. Galvanizing: ASTM A 123/A 123M
, ASTM A 153/A 153M, ASTM A 653/A 653M or ASTM A 924/A 924M, Z275 G90, as applicable.
2.2.2 Galvanize
Anchor bolts, washers, and parts or devices necessary for proper installation, unless indicated otherwise.
2.2.3 Repair of Zinc-Coated Surfaces
NOTE: Delete this paragraph when no galvanized items are specified.
Repair damaged surfaces with galvanizing repair method and paint conforming to ASTM A 780 or by application of
stick or thick paste material specifically designed for repair of galvanizing, as approved by Contracting Officer.
Clean areas to be repaired and remove slag from welds. Heat surfaces to which stick or paste material is applied,
with a torch to a temperature sufficient to melt the metallics in stick or paste; spread molten material uniformly
over surfaces to be coated and wipe off excess material.
2.2.4 Shop Cleaning and Painting
NOTE: Shop painting herein is for steel protected from the weather and not
subjected to corrosive environments. For steel which will be exposed to the
weather or corrosive environments, modify the shop painting accordingly.
2.2.4.1 Surface Preparation
Blast clean surfaces in accordance with SSPC SP 6. Surfaces that will be exposed in spaces above ceiling or
in attic spaces, crawl spaces, furred spaces, and chases may be cleaned in accordance with SSPC SP 3 in lieu
of being blast cleaned. Wash cleaned surfaces which become contaminated with rust, dirt, oil, grease, or other
contaminants with solvents until thoroughly clean.
2.2.4.2 Pretreatment, Priming and Painting
NOTE: Use manufacturers standard treatment when painting and finishing is required.
Apply pretreatment, primer, and paint in accordance with manufacturer's printed instructions. [On surfaces concealed
in the finished construction or not accessible for finish painting, apply an additional prime coat to a minimum
dry film thickness of 0.03 mm 1.0 mil. Tint additional prime coat with a small amount of tinting pigment.]
2.2.5 Nonferrous Metal Surfaces
Protect by plating, anodic, or organic coatings.
2.2.6 Aluminum Surfaces
2.2.6.1 Surface Condition
Before finishes are applied, remove roll marks, scratches, rolled-in scratches, kinks, stains, pits, orange peel,
die marks, structural streaks, and other defects which will affect uniform appearance of finished surfaces.
2.2.6.2 Aluminum Finishes
Unexposed plate and extrusions may have mill finish as fabricated. Sandblast castings' finish, medium, AA DAF-45
, or AA 46. Unless otherwise specified, provide all other aluminum items with [standard mill finish.] [hand
sanded or machine finish to a 240 grit.] Provide a coating thickness not less than that specified for protective
and decorative type finishes for items used in interior locations or architectural Class I type finish for items
used in exterior locations in AA DAF-45.
2.3 LADDERS
Fabricate vertical ladders conforming to Section 7 of 29 CFR 1910.27. Use 65 by 10 mm 2 1/2 by 3/8 inch steel
flats for stringers and 20 mm 3/4 inch diameter steel rods for rungs. Rungs to be not less than 400 mm 16 inches
wide, spaced one foot apart, plug welded or shouldered and headed into stringers. Install ladders so that the
distance from the rungs to the finished wall surface will not be less than 175 mm 7 inches. Provide heavy clip
angles riveted or bolted to the stringer and drilled [for not less than two 12 mm 1/2 inch diameter expansion
bolts] as indicated. Provide intermediate clip angles not over 1200 mm 48 inches on centers.
2.3.1 Ladder Cages
NOTE: Delete this paragraph when the length of climb is 6000 mm 20 feet or
less.
Conform to 29 CFR 1910.27. Fabricate 50 by 6 mm 2 by 1/4 inchhorizontal bands and 40 by 5 mm 1 1/2 by 3/16 inch
vertical bars. Provide attachments for fastening bands to the side rails of ladders or directly to the structure.
Provide and fasten vertical bars on the inside of the horizontal bands. Extend cages not less than 690 mm 27
inches or more than 710 mm 28 inches from the centerline of the rungs, excluding the flare at the bottom of
the cage, and not less than 690 mm 27 inches in width. Clear the inside of the cage of projections.
2.3.2 Ship's Ladder
Fabricate stringers and framing of steel plate or shapes. Bolt, rivet or weld connections and anchor to supporting
construction. Provide treads with non-slip surface as specified for safety treads. [Aluminum ladders may be
provided, subject to approval of treads, materials, and shop drawings. Requirements shown or specified for steel
apply. Provide anchor items of zinc-coated steel.] Design assembly, including tread connections and methods
of attachment, to support a live load of 1300 N 300 pounds per tread. Provide railings as specified for metal
handrails.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Install items at locations indicated, according to manufacturer's instructions. Verify all measurements and
take all field measurements necessary before fabrication. Provide Exposed fastenings of compatible materials,
generally matching in color and finish, and harmonize with the material to which fastenings are applied. Include
materials and parts necessary to complete each item, even though such work is not definitely shown or specified.
Poor matching of holes for fasteners will be cause for rejection. Conceal fastenings where practicable. Thickness
of metal and details of assembly and supports must provide strength and stiffness. Formed joints exposed to
the weather to exclude water. Items listed below require additional procedures.
3.2 WORKMANSHIP
Metalwork must be well formed to shape and size, with sharp lines and angles and true curves. Drilling and punching
must produce clean true lines and surfaces. Continously weld along the entire area of contact. Do not tack
weld exposed connections of work in place. Grid smooth exposed welds. Provide smooth finish on exposed surfaces
of work in place, unless otherwise approved. Where tight fits are required, mill joints. Cope or miter corner
joints, well formed, and in true alignment. Install in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions
and approved drawings, cuts, and details.
3.3 ANCHORAGE, FASTENINGS, AND CONNECTIONS
Provide anchorage where necessary for fastening metal items securely in place. Include for anchorage not otherwise
specified or indicated slotted inserts, expansion shields, and powder-driven fasteners, when approved for concrete;
toggle bolts and through bolts for masonry; machine and carriage bolts for steel; through bolts, lag bolts, and
screws for wood. Do not use wood plugs in any material. Provide non-ferrous attachments for non-ferrous metal.
Make exposed fastenings of compatible materials, generally matching in color and finish, to which fastenings
are applied. Conceal fastenings where practicable.
3.4 WELDING
Perform welding, welding inspection, and corrective welding, in accordance with AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Use continuous
welds on all exposed connections. Grind visible welds smooth in the finished installation.
3.5 FINISHES
3.5.1 Dissimilar Materials
Where dissimilar metals are in contact, protect surfaces with a coat conforming to MPI 79 to prevent galvanic
or corrosive action. Where aluminum is in contact with concrete, plaster, mortar, masonry, wood, or absorptive
materials subject to wetting, protect with ASTM D 1187, asphalt-base emulsion.
3.5.2 Field Preparation
NOTE: Delete these paragraphs when Section 09 90 00, PAINTS AND COATINGS is
included in the project specifications.
Remove rust preventive coating just prior to field erection, using a remover approved by the rust preventive
manufacturer. Surfaces, when assembled, must be free of rust, grease, dirt and other foreign matter.
3.5.3 Environmental Conditions
Do not clean or paint surface when damp or exposed to foggy or rainy weather, when metallic surface temperature
is less than -15 degrees C 5 degrees F above the dew point of the surrounding air, or when surface temperature
is below 7 degrees C or over 35 degrees C 45 degrees F or over 95 degrees F, unless approved by the Contracting
Officer.
3.6 LADDERS
Secure to the adjacent construction with the clip angles attached to the stringer. [Secure to masonry or concrete
with not less than two 12 mm 1/2 inch diameter expansion bolts.] Install intermediate clip angles not over1200
mm 48 inches on center. Install brackets as required for securing of ladders welded or bolted to structural
steel or built into the masonry or concrete. Ends of ladders must not rest upon [finished roof] [floor].