USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-07 62 10 (April 2004) -------------------------- Preparing Activity: USACE Replacing without change UFGS-07625 (August 2004) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009 SECTION 07 62 10 COPPER SHEET METAL FLASHING 04/06 NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for copper sheet metal used as flashing, including gutters and downspouts and for historic structures which require roof repairs. Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information. Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present. Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet. Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR). PART 1 GENERAL NOTE: Details of sheet metalwork will be shown on project drawings in accordance with the appropriate details in the Architectural Sheet Metal Manual of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, except that the first ply of roofing will not be extended into gutters. 1.1 REFERENCES NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title. Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update the issue dates. References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM B 152/B 152M(2006ae1) Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled BarASTM B 32(2008) Standard Specification for Solder MetalASTM B 370(2003) Standard Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building ConstructionASTM C 1136(2008) Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationASTM D 226(2006) Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and WaterproofingASTM D 2822(2005) Asphalt Roof CementASTM F 547(2006) Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsSHEET METAL AND AIR CONDITIONING CONTRACTORS' NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (SMACNA)SMACNA 1793(2006) Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, Sixth Edition, Second PrintingU.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)FS A-A-51145(Rev D) Flux, Soldering, Non-Electronic, Paste and Liquid1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Sheet metalwork shall be accomplished to form weathertight construction. Work shall be installed without waves, warps, buckles, fastening stresses or distortion and shall allow for expansion and contraction. Cutting, fitting, drilling, and other operations in connection with sheet metal required to accommodate the work of other trades shall be performed by sheet metal mechanics. Exposed edges shall be hemmed. Bottom edges of exposed vertical surfaces shall be angled to form drips. Flashing at the end of a run shall be formed into a 3-dimensional configuration to direct water to the outside of the system. Weights and thicknesses of copper flashing shall be as specified in TABLE 1. Joints shall be installed as specified in TABLE 2. Accessories and other items essential to complete the sheet metal installation, though not specifically indicated or specified, shall be provided. Installation of sheet metal items used in conjunction with roofing shall be coordinated with roofing work to permit continuous roofing operations. Factory-fabricated components shall be packed in cartons marked with the manufacturer's name or trademark printed or embossed at frequent intervals to permit easy identification. Sheet metalwork pertaining to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is specified in other sections. 1.3 SUBMITTALS NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate quality control. A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in context of the project. For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G" designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force, and NASA projects. Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed item for Army projects. Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: _{SD-02 Shop Drawings Sheet Metal} Drawings showing weights, gauges, or thickness of sheet metal; type of material; joining, expansion-joint spacing, and fabrication details; and installation procedures. Materials shall not be delivered to the site until after the approved detail drawings have been returned to the Contractor. _{SD-03 Product Data Contractor Quality Control} Quality Assurance Plan, including a checklist of points to be observed, prior to start of roofing work. _{SD-04 Samples Materials} Samples of materials proposed for use, upon request. 1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING Materials shall be adequately packaged and protected during shipment and shall be inspected for damage, dampness, and wet-storage stains upon delivery to the jobsite. Materials shall be clearly labeled as to type and manufacturer. Sheet metal items shall be carefully handled to avoid damage. Materials shall be stored in dry, weathertight, ventilated areas until installation. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 _MATERIALS Materials shall conform to the requirements specified below, and those given in TABLE 1. Materials exposed to weather shall be copper. Recyclable materials (building paper, etc.) shall conform to EPA requirements in conformance with Section 01 62 35 RECYCLED / RECOVERED MATERIALS. 2.1.1 Bituminous Cement ASTM D 2822, Type I. 2.1.2 Fasteners Materials shall conform to TABLE 1. Nails shall conform to ASTM F 547 or be as approved. Nails and rivets shall be copper. Screws and bolts shall be bronze. Fasteners shall be the best type for the application. 2.1.3 Felt ASTM D 226, Type II. 2.1.4 Flux FS A-A-51145, Type I. 2.1.5 Slip Sheet Building paper meeting the requirements of ASTM C 1136, Type IV, style optional. 2.1.6 Sheet Metal ASTM B 152/B 152M, ASTM B 370, Light cold-rolled temper (H00) copper. 2.1.7 Solder ASTM B 32 Sn50. 2.2 SEALANTS AND SEALING COMPOUNDS Sealants and sealing compounds are specified in Section 07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 EXISTING COPPER SHEET METAL Existing, original, historic copper sheet metal elements that are intact and serviceable shall be salvaged and reused whenever possible. This may include, but is not limited to, gutters, hangers, downspouts, connectors, leader heads, leader straps, basket strainers, splash pans, and other architectural sheet metal elements such as finials, and decorative panels. When work involves repair and replacement of copper sheet metal elements, new elements shall match existing original elements as closely as possible. 3.2 GALVANIC ACTION NOTE: Galvanic action between dissimilar metals must be avoided in order to prevent corrosion. In replacing flashing, gutters and other copper sheet metal items on historic structures, it is often necessary to reuse existing non-copper support or connecting items. Proper insulation between unlike materials will provide protection against galvanic action and subsequent deterioration. Galvanic action between copper and iron or steel shall be avoided by the use of proper insulation. The copper shall be insulated by the following: covering the steel member with insulation; placing strips of sheet lead between the two metals; or by heavily tinning the iron. 3.3 SOLDERING AND SEAMING 3.3.1 Soldering Edges of sheet metals, except lead coated material shall be pretinned before soldering is begun. Soldering shall be done slowly with well heated soldering irons to thoroughly heat the seams and completely sweat the solder through the full width of the seam. Edges of lead coated material to be soldered shall be scraped or wire-brushed to produce a bright surface, and seams shall have a liberal amount of flux brushed in before soldering is begun. Soldering shall follow immediately after application of the flux. Upon completion of soldering, the acid flux residue shall be thoroughly cleaned from the sheet metal with a solution of washing soda in water and rinsed with clean water. 3.3.2 Seams Flat-lock and soldered-lap seams shall finish not less than 25 mm 1 inch wide. Unsoldered plain-lap seams shall lap not less than 75 mm 3 inches unless otherwise specified. Flat seams shall be made in the direction of the flow. 3.4 COVERING ON MINOR FLAT, PITCHED, OR CURVED SURFACES Unless otherwise indicated, minor flat, pitched, or curved surfaces, such as crickets, bulkheads, dormers, and small decks, shall be covered or flashed with 450 x 600 mm 18 x 24 inch metal sheets and shall be secured with cleats. One ply of felt covered with 1 ply of slip sheet shall be applied as underlayment on wood surfaces. Two cleats shall be placed on the long side and 1 cleat shall be placed on the short side. Seams shall be locked and soldered. 3.5 CLEATS A continuous cleat shall be provided where indicated or specified to secure loose edges of the sheet metalwork. Butt joints shall be spaced approximately 3 mm 1/8 inch apart. The cleat shall be fastened to the supporting construction with nails evenly spaced not over 300 mm 12 inches on centers. Where the fastening is to be made to concrete or masonry, screws shall be used and shall be driven in expansion shields set in concrete or masonry. The cleat for fascia anchorage shall be installed to extend below the supporting construction to form a drip and to allow the flashing to be hooked over the lower edge at least 19 mm 3/4 inch. The cleat shall be of sufficient width to provide adequate bearing area to ensure a rigid installation. Where horizontal nailer is vented for insulation and the cleat is placed over masonry or concrete, the cleat shall be installed over 1.6 mm 1/16 inch thick metal washers placed at screws. Washers shall be of metal that is electrolytically compatible with the continuous cleat. 3.6 EXPANSION JOINTS Expansion joints shall be provided at 12.0 meter 40 foot intervals, except that where the distance between the last expansion joint and the end of the continuous run is more than half the required interval spacing, an additional joint shall be provided. Joints shall be evenly spaced. 3.7 FLASHINGS 3.7.1 General Flashings shall be installed at intersections of roof with vertical surfaces and at projections through roof, except that flashing for heating and plumbing, including piping, roof, and floor drains, and for electrical conduit projections through roof or walls is covered in appropriate sections for such work. Cap flashings shall be turned around exterior corners of masonry or concrete walls at least 50 mm 2 inches, shall be secured into masonry joints and into concrete with expansion anchors and shall be sealed with No. 2 or 4 sealing compound. Corner units shall have mitered joints, shall be installed with 75 mm 3 inch lap joint over flashings on each side. Unless otherwise indicated, through-wall flashing shall be terminated 13 mm 1/2 inch inside each exposed face of the wall. Cap flashings shall be provided over base flashings. Perforations in flashings made by masonry anchors shall be covered up by an application of bituminous plastic cement at the perforation. Exposed and unfastened flashings shall have the edge of the strip turned under 13 mm 1/2 inch. Flashing shall be installed on top of joint reinforcement. 3.7.2 Base Flashings (a) Base flashings shall extend under the uppermost row of tile the full depth of the tile or at least 100 mm 4 inches over the tile immediately below the metal. (b) The vertical leg of the metal shall be turned up not less than 100 mm 4 inches and preferably 200 mm 8 inches on the abutting surface. Where a vertical surface butts against the roof slope, the base flashing shall be built into each course of tile as it is laid, turning the metal out 100 mm 4 inches on the tile and at least 200 mm 8 inches above the roof. (c) Where the roof stops against a stuccoed wall, a wood 2 x 4 with a bevelled top edge shall be secured to the wall. The base flashing shall then be turned out over the tile at least 100 mm 4 inches and bent up vertically at least 75 mm 3 inches on the board. (d) The base flashing shall be turned out 100 mm 4 inches on the roof surface and from 150 to 200 mm 6 to 8 inches on the vertical surface for either sloping or flat slate roofs. (e) Base flashings shall be used where posts, flagpoles, or scuttles project through the roof. Vent pipes shall have base flashings in the form of special sleeves and/or EPDM boots. 3.7.3 Cap Flashings (Counterflashings) Where the base flashing is not covered by vertical tile or siding, a cap flashing shall be built into the masonry joints lapping not less than 50 mm 2 inches vertically, extending down over the base flashing 100 mm 4 inches , and the edge bent back and up 13 mm 1/2 inch. 3.7.4 Stepped Flashing Stepped flashing shall be installed where sloping roofs surfaced with tiles abut vertical surfaces. Separate pieces of base flashing shall be placed in alternate tile courses. Each piece of base flashing shall extend out onto the roof at least 100 mm 4 inches and shall be nailed to the deck. The stepped base flashing shall extend up along the wall not less than 100 mm 4 inches and stop beneath the cap flashing or shall be anchored beneath wood siding in frame construction. Cap flashings shall be set in a reglet into masonry and concrete construction, and cap flashing shall lap over the flashing below not less than 75 mm 3 inches. The stepped base flashing at vertical joints between the sections shall be lapped not less than 75 mm 3 inches. 3.7.5 Valley Flashing Valley flashing shall be free from longitudinal seams and shall be of a width sufficient to extend not less than 150 mm 6 inches under the roof covering on each side. The sheets shall lap not less than 200 mm 8 inches in the direction of flow and shall be secured to roofing construction with cleats on each side. Cleats shall be spaced not more than 600 mm 24 inches on centers. The copper sheet shall not be punctured with nails at any place. 3.7.5.1 Open Valley Flashings (a) Open valleys shall be not less than 100 mm 4 inches wide. The proper width shall be determined by the following rule: Starting at the top with a width of 100 mm 4 inches, increase the width 25 mm 1 inch for every 2.4 meters 8 feet of length of the valley. Flashing pieces shall be full length sheets and of sufficient width to cover the open portion of the valley and extend up under the roofing not less than 150 mm 6 inch on each side. (b) Where two valleys of unequal size come together; where the areas drained by the valley are unequal; where the slope of the valley is 26 degrees or less (500 mm per meter or less 6 inches or less per foot;) or where the intersecting roofs are of different slopes, an inverted V-joint 25 mm 1 inch high, shall be provided along the centerline of the valley, and the edge of the valley sheets shall extend 200 mm 8 inches under the roof covering on each side. 3.7.5.2 Closed Valleys (a) Flashing pieces for closed valleys shall be of sufficient length to extend 50 mm 2 inches above the top of the roofing piece and lap the flashing piece below 75 mm 3 inches, and of sufficient width to extend up the sides of the valley far enough to make the valley 200 mm 8 inches deep. (b) Flashing shall be placed with the roofing so that all pieces are separated by a course of tile. Pieces shall be set so as to lap at least 75 mm 3 inches and to be entirely concealed by the tiles. Flashing shall be fastened by nails at the top edge only. 3.7.6 Through-Wall Flashing Through-wall flashing includes sill, lintel, and spandrel flashing. The flashing shall be laid with a layer of mortar above and below the flashing so that the total thickness of the two layers of the mortar and flashing are the same thickness as the regular mortar joints. Flashing shall be one piece for lintels and sills. 3.7.6.1 Lintel Flashing Lintel flashing shall extend the full length of lintel. It shall extend through the wall one masonry course above the lintels and shall be bent down over the top of masonry and precast concrete lintels. Bedjoints of lintels at control joints shall be underlaid with sheet metal bond breaker. 3.7.6.2 Sill Flashing Sill flashing shall extend the full width of the sill and not less than 100 mm 4 inches beyond ends of sill except at a control joint where the flashing shall be terminated at the end of the sill. 3.7.7 Eave and Rake Flashings Eave and rake flashings shall be placed in accordance with SMACNA 1793. 3.8 REGLETS Reglets shall be a factory fabricated product, complete with fittings and special shapes as may be required. Open-type reglets shall be filled with fiberboard or other suitable separator to prevent crushing of the slot during installation. Reglets shall be located not less than 200 mm 8 inches nor more than 400 mm 16 inches above roofing not having cant strips or shall be located not less than 125 mm 5 inches nor more than 325 mm 13 inches above cant strip. Reglet plugs shall be spaced not over 300 mm 12 inches on centers and reglet grooves shall be filled with sealant. Friction or slot-type reglets shall have metal flashings inserted the full depth of slot and shall be lightly punched every 300 mm 12 inches to crimp the reglet and cap flashing together. 3.9 GRAVEL STOPS AND FASCIA Sheets shall be fabricated without longitudinal joints except where 2-piece fasciae are used when fascia depth exceeds 175 mm 7 inches. Provision for expansion shall be provided at joints. Factory fabricated internal and external corner units with mitered joints shall be provided. Roof flange and splice plate of the gravel stop and fascia shall extend out on the roof not less than 100 mm 4 inches, and shall be set in bituminous cement over the roofing felt. Roof flange shall be secured with nails spaced not greater than 75 mm 3 inches on centers located within 25 mm 1 inch of the outer edge of the flange. The fascia section shall not be face nailed except as specified for 2-piece fasciae. The upper piece of two-piece fascia shall be the same as specified above except that the fascia depth shall be at least 90 mm 3-1/2 inches, and shall overlap the lower fascia not less than 50 mm 2 inches. The lower piece shall be hooked 13 mm 1/2 inch over edge strip and splice plate and face nailed on 300 mm 12 inch centers 25 mm 1 inch below top of sheet. The upper fascia shall be hemmed 13 mm 1/2 inch at lower edge and shall be formed to fit tight against lower fascia. 3.10 DOWNSPOUTS Downspouts shall be set plumb and not less than 25 mm 1 inch from the wall. Leaders shall connect gutters on overhanging eaves to downspouts. Leaders shall be set with a slope not less than 0.3 degrees, 5 mm per m 1/16 inch per foot or more than 30 degrees below a horizontal line. Leaders shall fit over the outlet tube in gutter bottom and shall fit into and be riveted to the downspout. Rivet spacing shall be not more than 50 mm 2 inches . Strainers shall be set loosely in the eave tube opening in gutter. Joints between lengths of downspouts shall be made by telescoping the end of the upper lengths at least 19 mm 3/4 inch into the lower length. Downspouts terminating in drainage lines shall be neatly fitted into downspout boots and the joint filled with a portland cement mortar cap sloped away from downspout. Downspouts terminating at splash blocks or splash pans shall be provided with stock elbow-type fittings. Downspout hangers shall be provided adjacent to the joint at the top of each section of downspout, except that the bottom section shall have an additional strap adjacent to the bottom joint when splash blocks or splash pans are required. Hangers shall be 1.5 x 25 mm 1/16 x 1 inch flat stock of the same material as the downspout. 3.11 GUTTERS Gutters shall terminate at least 13 mm 1/2 inch away from vertical surfaces. [Supporting cleats shall be anchored to the structure at spacings not exceeding 400 mm 16 inches.] [Gutter brackets and spacers shall be fastened to roof nailer by screws or deformed shank-type nails and shall interlock with or be fastened to the leading edge of gutter. Gutter spacers shall be 1.5 x 25 mm 1/16 x 1 inch flat-stock of the same material as the gutter. Brackets and spacers shall be alternated at not more than 900 mm 36 inches on centers.] Gutters shall be hung with high points at ends or equidistant from downspouts and shall [be level] [have a slope of not less than 0.3 degrees 5 mm per m 1/16 inch per foot]. 3.12 SCUPPER LININGS The interior of scupper openings shall be lined with sheet metal. The lining shall be formed to return not less than 25 mm 1 inch against both faces of the wall or parapet with the outside edges folded under 13 mm 1/2 inch less on the top and sides. The perimeter of the lining shall be approximately 13 mm 1/2 inch less than the perimeter of the scupper. The top and sides of scuppers on the roof-deck side shall be joined to base flashing by a locked and soldered joint. The bottom edge shall be joined by a locked and soldered joint to the base flashing and where required, shall be formed with a ridge to act as a gravel stop around the scupper inlet. Surfaces to receive the lining shall be coated with bituminous cement. 3.13 SPLASH PANS Splash pans shall be installed where downspouts discharge on roof surfaces and at other locations as indicated. Pans shall be of size indicated. Pans and roof flanges shall be bedded in plastic bituminous cement and strip flashed. 3.14 _{CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL} NOTE: When justified by the amount or criticality of the roofing involved, and similar requirements are not established for the Contractor Quality Control organization specified elsewhere, the following requirement will be added at the end of the paragraph: A roofing technician responsible directly to the Contractor and experienced in the construction of the specified roofing system and related work shall perform the quality control functions and be on the site whenever roofing operations are in progress. The Contractor shall establish and maintain a quality control procedure for _{sheet metal} used in conjunction with roofing to assure compliance of the installed sheet metalwork with the contract requirements. Any work found not to be in compliance with the contract shall be promptly removed and replaced or corrected in an approved manner. Quality control shall include, but not be limited to, the following: a. Observation of environmental conditions; number and skill level of sheet metal workers; condition of substrate. b. Verification of compliance of materials before, during, and after installation. c. Inspection of sheet metalwork, for proper size and thickness, fastening and joining, and proper installation. The actual quality control observations and inspections shall be documented and a copy of the documentation furnished to the Contracting Officer at the end of each day. TABLE 1 - COPPER SHEET METAL WEIGHTS AND THICKNESSES                                        Copper, Item                                   kilogram per Description                            square meter foot  Building expansion   joints:   Cap                                  4.9 16   Waterstop -    bellows or flanged-    U-type                              4.9 16  Cleats (Continuous)                   7.3 24  Covering on minor   flat, pitched or   curved surfaces                      6.1 20  Downspouts, heads and   leaders                              4.9 16  Flashings:   Base                                 6.1 20   Cap, stepped or    valley                              4.9 16  Gravel stops and   fasciae:   Sheets, corrugated                   4.9 16  Gutters (girth):   Up to 380 mm                         4.9 16   380 to 510 mm                        4.9 16   510 to 635 mm                        6.1 20   635 to 760 mm                        7.3 24  Gutter brackets   (girth):   Up to 380 mm                         3 x 25 mm 1/8 x 1 inch   380 to 510 mm                        6 x 25 mm 1/4 x 1 inch   510 to 610 mm                        6 x 38 mm 1/4 x 1 1/2 inch  Gutter cleats   and cover   plates                               4.9 16  Scupper   lining                               6.1 20  Strainers (wire   gauge)                               No.9  Reglets(1)                            3.1 10  Splash pans                           4.9 16  Copings                               4.9 16  Pitch   pockets                              4.9 16  Through-wall,   flashings above   roof line                            4.9 16  Through-wall,   below roof   line, except   as otherwise   specified in   paragraph   MATERIALS                            3.1 10 TABLE 2 - COPPER SHEET METAL JOINTS   Item   Designation                          Type of Joint   Building                             32 mm 1-1/4 inch single    expansion                           lock standing    joint at                            seam, cleated.    roof   Cleats                               Butt    (Continuous)   Flashings:   Base                                 25 mm 1 inch  flat                                        locked,                                        soldered.                                        75 mm 3 inch lap for                                        expansion joint.   Cap-in                               75 mm 3 inch lap.    reglet   Cap - two-                           Receiver 75 mm 3 inch    piece                               lap.                                        Cap piece 75 mm 3 inch                                        lap.   Stepped                              75 mm 3 inch  lap.   Through-wall                         38 mm 1 1/2 inch    spandrel                            mechanical    flashing                            interlock.    (metal)   Valley                               150 mm 6 inch lap,                                        cleated.   Sheet,                               Butt with 6 mm 1/4 inch    corrugated                          space.   Sheet,                               Butt with 6 mm 1/4 inch    smooth                              space.   Gutters                              38 mm 1 1/2 inch lap,                                        riveted and                                        soldered.   Pitch pockets                        25 mm 1 inch soldered                                        lap.   Reglets                              Butt joint.