USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-09 97 30 (April 2006) -------------------------- Preparing Activity: USACE Replacing without change UFGS-09995 (November 2003) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009 SECTION 09 97 30 PREPARATION OF HISTORIC WOOD AND METAL SURFACES FOR PAINTING 04/06 NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for preparation for painting wood and metal surfaces in historic structures. Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information. Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present. Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet. Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR). PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title. Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature to update the issue dates. References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)ACGIH 0100Doc(2005) Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure IndicesASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 1730(2003) Standard Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingASTM D 1731(2003) Preparation of Hot-Dip Aluminum Surfaces for PaintingASTM D 3274(1995; R 2002) Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt AccumulationASTM D 3359(2008) Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestASTM D 4214(2007) Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint FilmsTHE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS (SSPC)SSPC PA Guide 5(2002; E 2004) Guide to Maintenance Coating of Steel Structures in Atmospheric ServiceSSPC SP 1(1982; E 2004) Solvent CleaningSSPC SP 10(2007) Near-White Blast CleaningSSPC SP 2(1982; E 2004) Hand Tool CleaningSSPC SP 3(2004; E 2004) Power Tool CleaningSSPC SP 5(2007) White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC SP 6(7) Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC SP 7(2007) Brush-Off Blast Cleaning1.2 SUBMITTALS NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate quality control. A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in context of the project. For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G" designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force, and NASA projects. Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed item for Army projects. Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES: _{SD-03 Product Data Work Plan}[; _G][; _{G, [_____]}] [One copy] [[_____] copies] of the Work Plan. _Materials The names, quantity represented, and intended use for proprietary brands of materials proposed to be substituted for the specified materials when the required quantity of a particular batch is 200 liters 50 gallons or less. Manufacturer's current printed product description, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and technical data sheets for each product. Detailed mixing, thinning and application instructions, minimum and maximum application temperature, and curing and drying times shall be provided for each product submitted. _{Qualifications} A statement certified by the Contractor attesting that the experience and qualifications of the workers (journeymen) comply with the specifications. _{SD-07 Certificates Work Plan} Certificate stating that products proposed for use meet the VOC regulations of the local Air Pollution Control Districts having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which the project is located. 1.3 _{WORK PLAN} NOTE: The Federal Clean Air Act requires each state to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. In addition, each state or local government may impose more restrictive requirements. States with areas identified as exceeding EPA standards for ozone must adopt limits on the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of paint removers, wood preservatives, solvents and other chemical preparation materials. Therefore, the designer should determine the local restrictions and eliminate prohibited materials. It may be necessary to specify locally available commercial products which have been developed to meet local restrictions. The requirements for Contractor test report responsibilities should be modified regarding exempt materials. The procedures proposed for the accomplishment of the work shall provide for safe conduct of the work, careful removal and disposition of _materials specified to be salvaged, protection of property which is to remain undisturbed, and coordination with other work in progress. The work plan shall include a Safety and Health plan describing procedures for handling monitoring, and disposition of VOCs and other hazardous and toxic materials. The procedures shall include a detailed description of the methods and equipment to be used for each operation, and the sequence of operations. The Contractor shall test the materials designated by the Contracting Officer. 1.4 PACKAGING, LABELING, AND STORING Paint removers, solvents, and other chemicals used for surface preparation shall be in sealed containers that legibly show the designated name, formula or specification number, quantity, date of manufacture, manufacturer's formulation number, manufacturer's directions including any warnings and special precautions, and name of manufacturer. Such materials shall be furnished in containers not larger than 20 L 5 gallons; they shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's written directions; and as a minimum stored off the ground, under cover, with sufficient ventilation to prevent the buildup of flammable vapors and at temperatures between 4 and 35 degrees C 40 and 95 degrees F. 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Unless otherwise recommended by the product manufacturer, the ambient temperature shall be between 7 and 35 degrees C 45 and 95 degrees F when applying paint removers, solvents, or other preparation materials. 1.6 SAFETY AND HEALTH Work shall comply with the ACCIDENT PREVENTION PLAN, including the Activity Hazard Analysis as specified in the CONTRACT CLAUSES. The Activity Hazard Analysis shall include analyses of the potential impact of surface preparation operations on personnel and on others involved in and adjacent to the work zone. 1.6.1 Worker Exposures Exposure of workers to chemical substances shall not exceed limits as established by ACGIH 0100Doc. 1.6.2 Training Workers having access to an affected work area shall be informed of the contents of the applicable material data safety sheets (MSDS) and shall be informed of potential health and safety hazard and protective controls associated with materials used on the project. An affected work area is one which may receive dust, mists, and odors from the surface preparation operations. Workers involved in surface preparation and clean-up shall be trained in the safe handling and application, and the exposure limit, for each material which the worker will use in the project. Personnel having a need to use respirators and masks shall be instructed in the use and maintenance of such equipment. 1.6.3 Coordination Work shall be coordinated to minimize exposure of building occupants, other Contractor personnel, and visitors to mists and odors from surface preparation and cleaning operations. 1.7 _{QUALIFICATIONS} The Contractor shall provide qualified workers trained and experienced in the preparation for painting of wood and metal surfaces in historic structures and shall submit documentation of 5 consecutive years of work of this type. A list of similar jobs shall be provided identifying when, where, and for whom the work was done. A current point-of-contact for identified references shall be provided. PART 2 PRODUCTS NOTE: When the required quantity of a particular material is 200 liters (50 gallons) or less, the factors of time, value of material versus cost of testing, and the end use of material may justify acceptance on the basis of manufacturer's data. 2.1 PAINT REMOVERS Chemical paint removers shall be a commercial item specifically manufactured for the type of paint to be removed. 2.2 EPOXY CONSOLIDANTS 2.2.1 Liquid Consolidant Liquid wood consolidant shall consist of a 2-part, low-viscosity liquid epoxy that meets the criteria of Table 1. 2.2.2 Epoxy Paste Epoxy paste shall consist of a 2-part, thixotropic paste that meets the criteria of Table 1. TABLE 1                          LIQUID CONSOLIDANT       EPOXY PASTE   Properties             Low-Viscosity Liquid     No-Slump, Thixotropic Paste   Toxicity               Low                      Very Low   Toxicity Cured         Non-Toxic                Non-Toxic   Ratios                 1:1 by Volume            1:1 by Volume   Pot Life @   Room Temp.             30 minutes min.          50 minutes min.   Hardening @   Room Temp.             1 hr. or longer          1 hr. or longer   Hardening @   60 deg. C              16 min. or less          18 min. or less   Viscosity Poises   @ 22 deg. C            4.7 max.                 Thixotropic paste   Solids                 95 percent min.          98 percent min.   Tensile Strength       27.6 MPa                 17.25 MPa   Elongation             50 percent               4 percent   Compressive Strength      Failure             131 MPa                  ---      Yield               24 MPa                   38 MPa TABLE 1                          LIQUID CONSOLIDANT        EPOXY PASTE   Properties             Low-Viscosity Liquid      No-Slump, Thixotropic Paste   Toxicity               Low                       Very Low   Toxicity Cured         Non-Toxic                 Non-Toxic   Ratios                 1:1 by Volume             1:1 by Volume   Pot Life @   Room Temp.             30 minutes min.           50 minutes min.   Hardening @   Room Temp.             1 hr. or longer           1 hr. or longer   Hardening @   140 deg. F             16 min. or less           18 min. or less   Viscosity Poises   @ 72 deg. F            4.7 max.                  Thixotropic paste   Solids                 95 percent min.           98 percent min.   Tensile Strength       4000 psi                  2500 psi   Elongation             50 percent                4 percent   Compressive Strength      Failure             19000 psi                 ---      Yield               3500 psi                  5500 psi PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Methods used for preparation of historic wood and metal surfaces for painting shall be the gentlest possible to achieve the desired results. Historic substrate materials shall not be damaged or marred in the process of surface preparations. Samples of the existing paint finishes shall be collected and analyzed for the purpose of documentation or matching, if [so directed by the Contracting Officer] [required by the contract documents.] Material and application requirements for paints are covered in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS. 3.2 VENTILATION Interior work zones having a volume of 280 cubic meters 10,000 cubic feet or less shall be ventilated at a minimum of 2 air exchanges per hour. Ventilation in larger work zones shall be maintained by means of mechanical exhaust. Solvent vapors shall be exhausted outdoors, away from air intakes and workers. Return air inlets in the work zone shall be temporarily sealed before start of work until the prepared surfaces have dried. Operators and personnel in the vicinity of paint removal processes involving chemicals or mechanical action (sanding or blasting) shall wear respirators. 3.3 PROTECTION OF AREAS NOT TO BE PAINTED Items not to be painted which are in contact with or adjacent to painted surfaces shall be removed or protected prior to surface preparation and painting operations. Items removed prior to painting shall be replaced when painting is completed. Following completion of painting, workers skilled in the trades involved shall reinstall removed items. Surfaces contaminated by preparation materials shall be restored to original condition. 3.4 CLEANING OF SURFACES Surfaces to be painted shall be clean and free of grease, dirt, dust and other foreign matter before application of paint or surface treatments. After cleaning, surfaces shall exhibit a surface disfigurement rating of 7 or greater when evaluated in accordance with ASTM D 3274. Dirt and surface contaminants shall be cleaned by brush with solutions of water and detergent or trisodium phosphate, then rinsed clean with water and let dry. Surfaces on which mildew or other microbiological growth is present shall be cleaned with a detergent solution containing household bleach. Oil and grease shall be removed with clean cloths and cleaning solvents prior to mechanical cleaning. Cleaning solvents shall be of low toxicity with a flashpoint in excess of 38 degrees C 100 degrees F. Cleaning shall be programmed so that dust and other contaminants will not fall on newly prepared or newly painted surfaces. 3.5 EXISTING PAINT Existing paint shall be tested for adhesion to substrate in accordance with ASTM D 3359, Test Method A and shall obtain a rating of 4 or better in order to be considered sound. Existing paint meeting this requirement may be considered a satisfactory base for repainting. 3.6 PAINT REMOVAL Flaking, cracking, blistering, peeling or otherwise deteriorated paint shall be removed by scraping with hand scrapers. After scraping, removal of large areas of paint or paint on architectural details shall be accomplished using sanders, heat guns or heat plates, or chemical paint removers. Paint shall be removed to bare substrate or first sound paint layer. Open flame heat devices shall not be used. Mechanical paint removal shall not damage or mar the substrate material. 3.6.1 Chemical Paint Removers Chemical paint removers shall be used in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. If chemical strippers are used, substrate shall be neutralized after stripping to a pH of 5 to 8.5. 3.6.2 Lead Paint In preparation of lead-based painted surfaces for repainting, procedures described in Section 02 83 19.00 10 LEAD BASED PAINT HAZARD ABATEMENT, TARGET HOUSING & CHILD OCCUPIED FACILITIES shall be followed. 3.7 SURFACE PREPARATION After cleaning and removal of deteriorated paint, edges of remaining chipped paint shall be feather-edged and sanded smooth. Damaged areas such as, but not limited to, nail holes, cracks, chips, and spalls shall be repaired with suitable material to match adjacent undamaged areas. Slick surfaces shall be roughened. Rusty metal surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with [SSPC SP 1] [SSPC SP 2] [SSPC SP 3] [SSPC SP 5] [SSPC SP 6] [SSPC SP 7] [ SSPC SP 10]. Chalk shall be removed so that when tested in accordance with ASTM D 4214, the chalk resistance rating is no less than 8. New, proposed coatings shall be compatible with existing coatings. If existing surfaces are glossy, the gloss shall be reduced. 3.8 WOOD SURFACES Wood surfaces shall be cleaned of foreign matter. Wood surfaces adjacent to surfaces to receive water-thinned paints shall be primed and/or touched up before applying water-thinned paints. Small, dry seasoned knots shall be scraped, cleaned, and given a thin coat of commercial knot sealer before application of the priming coat. Pitch on large, open, unseasoned knots and all other beads or streaks of pitch shall be scraped off, or, if it is still soft, removed with mineral spirits or turpentine, and the resinous area shall be thinly coated with knot sealer. 3.8.1 Interior Wood Surfaces Interior wood surfaces to receive stain shall be sanded. Oak and other open-grain wood to receive stain shall be given a coat of wood filler recommended by the finish manufacturer not less than 8 hours before the application of stain; excess filler shall be removed and the surface sanded smooth. Sanding of wood floors is specified in Section 09 64 29 WOOD STRIP FLOORING. Moisture content of the wood shall not exceed 12 percent as measured by a moisture meter, unless otherwise authorized. 3.8.2 Wood Repair Badly decayed areas shall be removed and repaired. Areas and pieces decayed beyond repair shall be replaced with new pieces that match originals in all respects. Moderately decayed areas, weathered, or gouged wood shall be patched with approved patching compounds, and shall be sanded smooth. The source or cause of wood decay shall be identified and corrected prior to application of patching materials. Wet wood shall be completely dried to a moisture content not exceeding 12 percent, as measured by a moisture meter, to its full depth before patching, unless otherwise authorized. Wood that is to be patched shall be clean of dust, grease, and loose paint. 3.8.2.1 Epoxy Wood Repair Epoxy wood repair materials shall be applied in accordance with manufacturer's written instructions. Health and safety instructions shall be followed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Clean mixing equipment shall be used to avoid contamination. Mix and proportions shall be as directed by the manufacturer. Batches shall be only large enough to complete the specific job intended. Patching materials shall be completely cured before painting or reinstallation of patched pieces. 3.8.2.2 Epoxy Consolidant and Epoxy Paste Epoxy liquid wood consolidant shall be used: 1) to penetrate and impregnate deteriorated wood sections in order to reinforce wood fibers that have become softened or absorbent. 2) as a primer for areas that are to receive epoxy paste filler. Epoxy paste shall be used to fill areas where portions of wood are missing such as holes, cracks, gaps, gouges, and other voids. 3.8.3 Exposed Ferrous Metals Exposed ferrous metals such as nail heads on or in contact with wood surfaces to be painted with water-thinned paints, shall be spot-primed with a suitable corrosion-inhibitive primer capable of preventing flash rusting and compatible with the coating specified for the adjacent areas. 3.8.4 Finishing Nails Finishing nails shall be set, and all holes and surface imperfections shall be primed. After priming, holes and imperfections in finish surfaces shall be filled with putty or plastic wood filler, colored to match the finish coat if natural finish is required, allowed to dry, and sanded smooth. Putty or wood filler shall be compatible with subsequent coatings. 3.8.5 Wood Preservative Areas of bare wood in exterior locations prone to excessive moisture or standing water shall be treated with a commercial, fungicide, paintable water repellant/preservative. Water repellant/preservatives shall not be used on interior surfaces. 3.9 METAL SURFACES Metal surfaces shall be cleaned of foreign matter. Programs for preparation of metal shall be in accordance with SSPC PA Guide 5. Grease, oil, and other soluble contaminants shall be removed by solvent cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP 1. Surfaces shall be free from soils and corrosion; e.g. grease, oil, solder flux, welding flux, weld spatter, sand, rust, scale, and other contaminants that might interfere with the application of the new finish. Cleaning methods shall be the gentlest possible to achieve the desired result. Metals which are soft, thin, or exhibit fine detail shall not be abrasively cleaned. Evidence of corrosion or contamination on a previously cleaned surface shall be cause for recleaning prior to painting. 3.9.1 Ferrous Surfaces Ferrous surfaces that contain loose rust, loose mill scale, and other foreign substances shall be cleaned mechanically with hand tools according to SSPC SP 2, power tools according to SSPC SP 3 or by blast cleaning according to [SSPC SP 5], [SSPC SP 6], [SSPC SP 7], [SSPC SP 10]. Shop-coated ferrous surfaces shall be protected from corrosion by treating and touching up corroded areas immediately upon detection. 3.9.2 Nonferrous Metallic Surfaces Galvanized, aluminum and aluminum-alloy, lead, copper, and other nonferrous metal surfaces shall be solvent-cleaned in accordance with SSPC SP 1. 3.9.2.1 Aluminum Aluminum surfaces shall be treated in accordance with ASTM D 1730 or ASTM D 1731. Steel wool, steel brushes and uninhibited caustic etching solutions, such as sodium hydroxide, shall not be used on aluminum. 3.9.2.2 Zinc Zinc surfaces including zinc-coated substrates, shall be cleaned prior to painting as follows: degrease, soak in a mild and inhibited alkaline cleaner, rinse with clean overflowing water, clean anodically in an acid (e.g. 0.25 to 0.75 percent sulfuric acid), and rinse with clean overflowing water. 3.10 TIMING Surfaces that have been cleaned, pretreated, and otherwise prepared for painting shall be given a coat of the specified first coat as soon as practical after such pretreatment has been completed, but prior to any deterioration of the prepared surface. Unless otherwise directed, the first coat primer shall be applied within 48 hours of surface preparation. 3.11 SURFACES TO BE PREPARED FOR PAINTING Surfaces shall be prepared as specified and as shown in the painting schedule [in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS] [on the drawings]. 3.12 CLEANING Cloths, cotton waste and other debris that might constitute a fire hazard shall be placed in closed metal containers and removed at the end of each day. Containers shall be removed from the site or destroyed in an approved manner. Preparation materials and other deposits on adjacent surfaces shall be removed and the entire job left clean and ready for painting.