USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-22 15 14 (February 2009)
---------------------------------
Preparing Activity: NASA Superseding
UFGS-22 15 00.00 40 (August 2008)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 22 15 14
GENERAL SERVICE COMPRESSED-AIR SYSTEMS, LOW PRESSURE
02/09
NOTE: This specification covers the requirements for aboveground and underground
piping systems and certain components with pressure ratings of 862 kilopascal
125 pounds per square inch, gage and less, using existing air supply.
Drawings shall show size, rating, or other details of piping requirements for
specific project application not covered in the specifications.
Drawings must use symbols or legends indicated herein adding proper suffix where
provided. For example, "100 millimeter 4-(inch) Type BCS-PS."
Drawings shall indicate underground piping requiring supports from slabs.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC)AISC 360(2005) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, with Commentary][AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)AWWA C104/A21.4(2003) Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron Pipe and Fittings for WaterAWWA C504(2006) Standard for Rubber-Seated Butterfly Valves][AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS WHB-2.9(2004) Welding Handbook; Volume Two - Welding ProcessesAWS-03(2001) Welding Handbook, Volumes 1 thru 4][ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME)ASME A112.18.1(2005) Standard for Plumbing Fixture FittingsASME B16.1(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.22(2001; R 2005) Standard for Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsASME B16.3(2006) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300ASME B16.39(1998; R 2006) Standard for Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions; Classes 150, 250, and 300ASME B16.5(2003) Standard for Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24ASME B16.9(2007) Standard for Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding FittingsASME B18.2.2(1987; R 2005) Standard for Square and Hex NutsASME B19.3(1991; Addenda A 1994; Addenda B 1995) Safety Standard for Compressors for Process IndustriesASME B31.1(2007; Addenda 2008) Power PipingASME B31.3(2008) Process PipingASME B40.100(2005) Pressure Gauges and Gauge AttachmentsASME BPVC(2007) Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodesASME BPVC SEC VIII D1(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section VIII, Pressure Vessels Division 1 - Basic Coverage][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 126(2004) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe FittingsASTM A 181/A 181M(2006) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose PipingASTM A 183(2003) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and NutsASTM A 197/A 197M(2000; R 2006) Standard Specification for Cupola Malleable IronASTM A 216/A 216M(2008) Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A 234/A 234M(2007) Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature ServiceASTM A 278/A 278M(2001; R 2006) Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 degrees F (350 degrees C)ASTM A 307(2007b) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthASTM A 395/A 395M(1999; R 2004) Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated TemperaturesASTM A 436(1984; R 2006) Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron CastingsASTM A 53/A 53M(2007) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessASTM A 536(1984e1; R 2004) Standard Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsASTM A 563M(2007) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)ASTM A 666(2003) Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat BarASTM B 148(1997; R 2003e1) Standard Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand CastingsASTM B 164(2003; R 2008) Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and WireASTM B 280(2008) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field ServiceASTM B 370(2003) Standard Specification for Copper Sheet and Strip for Building ConstructionASTM B 584(2008a) Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for General ApplicationsASTM B 61(2008) Standard Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze CastingsASTM B 62(2002) Standard Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal CastingsASTM B 749(2003) Standard Specification for Lead and Lead Alloy Strip, Sheet and Plate ProductsASTM C 592(2008a) Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)ASTM C 920(2008) Standard Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsASTM D 1693(2008) Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene PlasticsASTM D 2000(2008) Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive ApplicationsASTM D 2239(2003) Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterASTM E 1(2007) Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersASTM F 104(2003) Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket MaterialsASTM F 568M(2007) Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally Threaded Metric Fasteners][ISA - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AUTOMATION (ISA)ISA 7.0.01(1996) Quality Standard for Instrument Air][MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS)MSS SP-58(2002) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and ManufactureMSS SP-67(2002a; R 2004) Standard for Butterfly ValvesMSS SP-69(2003; R 2004) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and ApplicationMSS SP-70(2006) Standard for Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsMSS SP-72(1999) Standard for Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General ServiceMSS SP-80(2008) Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves][U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)FS FF-S-325(Int Amd 3) Shield, Expansion; Nail, Expansion; and Nail, Drive Screw (Devices, Anchoring, Masonry)FS L-C-530(Rev C) Coating, Pipe, Thermoplastic Resin]1.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
NOTE: If Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST
SYSTEMS is not included in the project specification, applicable requirements
therefrom should be inserted and the following paragraph deleted.
Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEMS applies to work specified in this
section.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are [for Contractor Quality Control approval.][for information only. When used, a designation following the
"G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following
in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Submit Installation Drawings for low-pressure compressed air systems in accordance with paragraphs
entitled, "Drawings," "Aboveground Piping Materials," and "Underground Piping Materials," of
this section.
SD-03 Product Data
Submit Equipment and Performance Data for piping systems.
Submit manufacturer's catalog data for the following items:
Underground Piping Materials
Aboveground Piping Materials
Piping Specialties
Supporting Elements
Air Compressors
Valves
Accessories
Miscellaneous Materials
Vibration Isolation
SD-05 Design Data
Submit Design Analysis and Calculations for low-pressure compressed air systems for the following
in accordance with paragraph entitled, "General Requirements," of this section.
Flow Rates
Air Distribution
Pressure Requirements
Insulation Requirements
Equipment and Performance Data submitted for piping systems shall show conformance with ASME
Code.
SD-06 Test Reports
Submit test reports for the following items in accordance with paragraph entitled, "Compressed
Air Systems Testing," of this section.
Hydrostatic Testing
compressed Air Systems Testing
Valve-Operating Tests
Drainage Tests
Pneumatic Testing
Each acceptance test shall require the signature of the Contracting Officer and [two] [_____]
record copies shall be delivered to the Contracting Officer after acceptance.
SD-07 Certificates
Submit certificates for the following items showing conformance with the referenced standards
contained in this section.
Underground Piping Materials
Aboveground Piping Materials
Supporting Elements
Riser Alarm Equipment
Sprinkler Heads
Valves
Miscellaneous Materials
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Submit Operation and Maintenance Manuals in accordance with paragraph entitled, "Operation and
Maintenance," of this section.
1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
NOTE: If Section 40 17 30.00 40 WELDING GENERAL PIPING is not included in the
project specification, applicable requirements therefrom should be inserted
and the following paragraph deleted.
Section 40 17 30.00 40 WELDING GENERAL PIPING applies to work specified in this section.
Equipment and Performance Data submitted for piping systems shall show conformance with ASME Code.
Certificates for Riser Alarm Equipment and Sprinkler Heads shall be submitted meeting referenced standards contained
within this section.
Design Analysis and Calculations for low-pressure compressed air systems shall consist of Flow Rates, Air Distribution
, Pressure Requirements and Insulation Requirements meeting requirements for referenced standards contained in
this section.
1.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Contractor shall submit [6] [_____] copies of the Operation and Maintenance Manuals [30] [_____] calendar days
prior to testing the low-pressure compressed air System. Update and resubmit data for final approval no later
than [30] [_____] calendar days prior to contract completion.
1.6 DRAWINGS
Submit Installation drawings for low-pressure compressed air systems in accordance with paragraphs entitled,
"Aboveground Piping Materials" and "Underground Piping Materials," of this section.
Shop drawings shall be accompanied by curves indicating that an essentially flat reduced pressure curve for the
capacity demand of the system will be met by the proposed valves.
Submit complete shop drawing data for pipe attachments for approval.
In lieu of separate hangers, the Contractor may submit for approval a shop drawing of trapeze hangers with a
solid or split-ring clamp which he proposes to furnish.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 UNDERGROUND PIPING MATERIALS
2.1.1 Piping Types
NOTE: Type BCS-PS materials are suitable for leak tight compressed air 862
kilopascal 125 pounds per square inch gage and less, all butt weld (no flange,
no thread) construction.
Anode and rectifier cathodic protection should be used to protect against rapid
point metal loss due to failure to detect a fault or "holiday."
Type BCS-PS black carbon steel piping with polyethylene sheath shall conform to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type [E] [S],
in sizes through DN250 10 inch iron pipe size (ips). Pipe in size DN300 12 inches and larger shall have Schedule
40 wall. Pipe wall shall be 10 millimeter 0.375 inch thick.
Thermoplastic sheath shall conform to FS L-C-530. Make sheath joints with thermally fitted shrinking sleeves
applied with factory-approved shrinking devices. Make taped fitting protection and repairs in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions. Electrical flaw detection testing at the factory shall require 10,000 volts to
be impressed across the sheath. Sheath breakdown voltage shall be not less than 13,000 volts.
2.1.2 Fittings
Fittings shall be long radius butt weld carbon steel conforming to ASTM A 234/A 234M and ASME B16.9 to match
pipe wall thickness. Pipe bending is not p. Aboveground terminal fittings shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-pound
working steam pressure (wsp) forged steel weld neck flanges to match wall thickness, conforming to ASME B16.5
and ASTM A 181/A 181M Class 60.
2.2 ABOVEGROUND PIPING MATERIALS
2.2.1 Compressed Air Systems 862 Kilopascal 125 Psig and Less
2.2.1.1 Type BCS Black Carbon Steel
Pipe DN6 through DN40 1/8 through 1-1/2 inches shall be Schedule 40, furnace butt welded, black carbon steel,
conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type F, Grade B.
Pipe DN50 through DN250 2 through 10 inches shall be Schedule 40, [seamless] [electric resistance welded], black
carbon steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B, Type [E] [S]. Grade A pipe should be used for permissible
field bending.
Pipe DN300 12 inches and over shall be 10 millimeter 0.375 inch wall, [seamless, black carbon steel, conforming
to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B, Type [E] [S]].
Fittings DN50 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal gage 150-pounds per square inch, gage (psig) wsp, banded,
black malleable iron, screwed, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M and ASME B16.3.
Unions 50 millimeter 2 inches and under shall be 1724 kilopascal gage 250-psig wsp, female, screwed, black malleable
iron, with brass-to-iron seat and ground joint conforming to ASME B16.39, ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 536
for grooved pipe couplings.
Couplings DN50 2 inches and under shall be [standard weight, screwed, black carbon steel] [ductile iron conforming
to ASTM A 536].
Fittings 65 millimeter 2-1/2 inches and over shall be [steel, butt welded, to match pipe wall thickness, conforming
to ASTM A 234/A 234M and ASME B16.9] [ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 536].
Flanges 65 millimeter 2-1/2 inches and over shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp, forged steel, welding neck
to match pipe wall thickness, conforming to ASME B16.5.
Grooved pipe couplings and fittings DN65 2-1/2 inches and over shall be malleable iron couplings and fittings
conforming to paragraph entitled, "Piping Specialties," of this section.
2.2.1.2 Type GCS Galvanized Carbon Steel
Pipe DN15 through DN250 1/2 through 10 inches shall be Schedule 40, [seamless] [electric resistance welded],
galvanized steel, conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B, Type [E] [S]. Type F is acceptable for sizes less
than DN50 2 inches.
Fittings DN50 2 inches and under shall be 1034 kilopascal 150-psig wsp, [banded, galvanized, malleable iron,
screwed, conforming to ASTM A 197/A 197M, ASME B16.3] [ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M and ASTM A 536
].
Fittings DN65 2-1/2 inches and over shall be 862 kilopascal 125-psig wsp, cast-iron flanges and [flanged fittings,
conforming to ASTM A 126, Class A, and ASME B16.1] [ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M and ASTM A 536
].
Unions 50 millimeter 2 inches and under shall be 2068 kilopascal 300-psig wsp, female, screwed, galvanized, malleable
iron with brass-to-iron seat and ground joint.
2.2.2 Control and Instrumentation Tubing, to 207 kilopascal 30 Psig
2.2.2.1 Copper
Tubing all sizes with DN8 1/4 inch minimum outside diameter shall be [hard-drawn] [annealed] seamless copper,
conforming to ASTM B 280.
Fittings shall be solder joint wrought copper conforming to ASME B16.22.
Ball sleeve shall be of the compression type, [rod] [forged brass], conforming to SAE [72] [88], UL approved,
with minimum pressure rating 1380 kilopascal at 38 degrees C 200 pounds per square inch (psi) at 100 degrees
F.
Solder shall be 95-5 tin-antimony, alloy Sb 5, conforming to AWS WHB-2.9.
Copper tubing systems may be installed using mechanical pipe couplings of a bolted type with a central cavity
design pressure responsive gasket. Groove copper pipe and fittings in accordance with the coupling manufacturer's
recommendations.
2.2.2.2 Polyethylene
Tubing shall be black virgin polyethylene, conforming to ASTM D 2239, Type I, Grade 2, Class C, conforming to
stress-crack tests performed in accordance with ASTM D 1693. Multitube harness with polyester film barrier and
vinyl jacket shall not be less than [1.57] millimeter [0.062] inch [_____] thick.
Ball sleeve fittings shall be of the compression type, and shall be [brass] [aluminum] [acetal resin].
2.3 PIPING SPECIALTIES
2.3.1 Air Pressure Reducing Stations
Install pressure reducing station complete with relieving type pressure reducing valve, valved bypass, particle
filter, pressure indicator upstream of station, pressure indicator downstream of station, and regulated air pressure
relief valve.
Construct pressure regulator body of zinc or aluminum die castings, rated for the service. Diaphragm shall be
reinforced air-, oil-, and water-resistant elastomer. All components, exposed to fluid stream being controlled,
shall be of [nonferrous] [suitable nonmetallic materials]. Valves shall be of a balanced construction relieving
type to automatically prevent excess pressure buildup.
Construct filters of [zinc] [aluminum] die castings, rated for the service, and furnished with ips connections.
Bowl materials shall be aluminum. Filter shall be serviceable by bowl quick-disconnect devices. Equip bowl
with manual drain cock. Separate liquid particles by centrifugal and quiet zone action. Remove solid particles
to 15-micrometer size by filter elements of [sintered bronze] [corrosion-resistant steel] mesh.
[Combination manual drain filter-regulator units conforming to the above requirements will be acceptable in lieu
of separate units.]
Pressure relief valves shall be rated for the pressure of the high-pressure side and sized for the full installed
capacity of the pressure regulating station at the pressure of the low-pressure side. Set valve at not more
than [20] [_____] percent more than the correct low side pressure. Rate and label valve. Seat material shall
be suitable for the service.
2.3.2 Air Line Lubricators
Air line lubricators shall be of the pulse-type with pickup tube, polycarbonate resin bowl, large fill opening,
metering rod flow adjuster, sight ball, and drain cock.
Lubricators shall be suitable for 1380 kilopascal at 74 degrees C 200 psig at 165 degrees F.
2.3.3 Compressed Air Receivers
Compressed air receivers shall conform to the sizes and capacities specified. Design such vessels for the applicable
working pressures and service in accordance with the ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1, and label.
Vessels shall be complete with connections for drain, supports, and other required Accessories.
2.3.4 Grooved Pipe Couplings and Fittings
Couplings shall have a housing fabricated in at least [two] [_____] parts of [malleable] [ductile] iron castings.
Coupling gasket shall be molded synthetic rubber conforming to requirements of ASTM D 2000. Coupling bolts shall
be oval-neck track-head type with hexagonal heavy nuts, conforming to ASTM A 183.
Fabricate pipe fittings used with couplings of [malleable] [ductile] iron castings. Where a manufacturer's standard
size [malleable] [ductile] iron fitting pattern is not available, fabricated fittings may be used.
Fabricate fittings from [Schedule 40][ 10 millimeter 0.375 inch wall], in accordance with ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade
B, seamless steel pipe. Long radius seamless welding fittings with wall thickness to match pipe, conforming
to ASTM A 234/A 234M and ASME B16.9.
2.3.5 Pressure Gages
Pressure gages shall conform to ASME B40.100. Pressure gages shall be Type I, Class 1, (pressure) for pressures
indicated. Pressure gage size shall be 90 millimeter 3-1/2 inches nominal diameter. Case shall be corrosion-resistant
steel conforming to [the AISI 300 series] [ASTM A 666] with an ASM No. 4 standard commercial polish or better.
Equip gages with damper screw adjustment in inlet connection.
[Equip gages with an adjustable, red marking indicator.]
2.3.6 Thermometers
Thermometers shall conform to ASTM E 1. Thermometers shall be industrial pattern Type I, Class 3. All thermometers
installed [1830] millimeter [6] feet [_____] or higher above the floor shall have an adjustable angle body.
Scale shall be not less than [178] millimeter [7] inches [_____] long, and case face shall be [manufacturer's
standard polished aluminum] [AISI 300 series polished corrosion-resistant steel]. Thermometer range shall be
as required for service, and provided with nonferrous separable wells.
2.3.7 Line Strainers
Strainers shall be [Y-type] [T-type grooved end] with removable basket. Strainers in sizes DN50 2 inch ips and
smaller shall have screwed ends and in sizes DN65 2-1/2 inch ips and larger shall have flanged ends. Body working
pressure rating shall exceed maximum service pressure of system in which installed by at least 50 percent. Body
shall have cast-in arrows to indicate direction of flow. Strainer bodies fitted with screwed screen retainers
shall have straight threads and gasketed with nonferrous metal. Strainer bodies fitted with bolted-on screen
retainers shall have offset blowdown holes. Fit strainers larger than DN65 2-1/2-inches with manufacturer's
standard blowdown valve. Body material shall be [cast bronze conforming to ASTM B 62] [cast iron conforming
to ASTM A 278/A 278M Class 30] [ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 536]. Where system material is nonferrous,
strainer body material shall be nonferrous.
Minimum free-hole area of strainer element shall be equal to not less than [3.4] [_____] times the internal area
of connecting piping. Strainer screens for air service shall have mesh cloth not to exceed [0.15] millimeter
[0.006] inch [_____]. Strainer screens shall have finished ends fitted to machined screen chamber surfaces
to preclude bypass flow. Strainer element material shall be [AISI Type [304] [316] corrosion-resistant steel]
[Monel metal].
2.4 AIR COMPRESSORS
Provide an air compressor of the standard piston type complete with air tank, [air dryer,] and other appurtenances.
Compressor and installation shall conform to ASME B19.3. Compressor capacity shall be as required for service
and provide continuous control air when operating on a 1/3-on 2/3-off cycle. Provide an oil-level sight indicator
on the compressor and a coalescing oil filter on the compressor discharge line. [Air dryers shall be of the
[continuous duty silica-gel type with reactivation] [mass refrigerated dryer type] and shall maintain the air
in the system with a dew point low enough to prevent condensation minus 11 degrees C at 124 kilopascal 13 degrees
F at 18 psi main pressure. Locate air dryer at the outlet of the tank.] Control air delivered to the system
shall conform to ISA 7.0.01.
2.5 VALVES
2.5.1 Ball Valves (BAV)
Ball valves shall conform to MSS SP-72. Valves shall be Style [1] [3].
Grooved end ball valves may be used provided that the manufacturer certifies valve performance in accordance
with MSS SP-72.
Rate valves for service at not less than [1207] [_____] kilopascal at [93] [_____] degrees C [175] [_____] psi
at [200] [_____] degrees F.
Valve bodies in sizes DN50 2 inch ips and smaller shall be screwed end connection type constructed of Class A
copper alloy.
Valve bodies in sizes DN65 2-1/2 inch ips and larger shall be flanged-end connection type constructed of Class
[D] [E] [F] material.
Balls and stems of valves DN50 2 inch ips and smaller shall be [manufacturer's standard Class A copper alloy
with 900 Brinell hard chrome plating finish] [Class C corrosion-resistant steel alloy with hard chrome plate].
Electroless nickel plating is acceptable.
Balls and stems of valves DN65 2-1/2 inch ips and larger shall be manufacturer's standard Class C corrosion-resistant
steel alloy with hard chrome plate. In valves DN150 6 inch ips and larger, balls shall be Class D with 900 Brinell
hard chrome plate. Electroless nickel plating is acceptable.
Design valves for flow from either direction and seal equally tight in either direction.
Valves shall have full pipe size flow areas.
Valves with ball seals kept in place by spring washers are not acceptable. All valves shall have adjustable packing
glands. Seats and seals shall be tetrafluoroethylene.
Valve body construction shall be such that torque from a pipe with valve in installed condition shall not tend
to disassemble the valve by stripping setscrews or by loosening body end inserts or coupling nuts. Torque from
a pipe shall be resisted by a one-piece body between end connections or by bolts in shear where body is of mating
flange or surface-bolted construction.
2.5.2 Butterfly Valves (BUV)
Butterfly valves shall conform to MSS SP-67.
Grooved end butterfly valves may be used in services to 110 degrees C 230 degrees F provided the manufacturer
certifies valve performance in accordance with MSS SP-67.
Butterfly valves shall be wafer type for mounting between specified flanges and rated for 1034 kilopascal 150-psig
shutoff and nonshock working pressure. Body shall be cast ferrous metal conforming to ASTM A 126, Class B,
and to ASME B16.1 for body wall thickness.
Provide valves installed in insulated piping systems with extended bonnets, placing the operator beyond the specified
insulation.
Butterfly valves used in buried piping systems shall conform to requirements of AWWA C504, Class 150B, with integrally
cast flanges and manual worm gear operator. Design and construct valves for buried or 60 kilopascal 20-foot
head submerged service in brackish water. Flanged ends shall conform to requirements of ASME B16.1. Operator
shall require at least [20] [_____] turns for full closure with an input effort of [68] [_____] newton per meter
[50] [_____] foot-pounds of torque. Coat external surfaces with bituminous sealer conforming to AWWA C104/A21.4
.
Valve boxes shall be of not less than [4.7] millimeter [3/16] inch [_____] thick cast-iron construction with
locking cover with an appropriate identification legend. Boxes shall be adjustable extension type with [screw]
[slide-type] adjustment. Fit valves DN80 3 inches and under with 108 millimeter 4-1/4 inch diameter shaft and
valves DN100 4 inches and fit larger with 133 millimeter 5-1/4 inch shaft. Fit bases to the valve. Box full-extended
length shall be greater than required by depth of cover by not less than 100 millimeter 4 inches. Supply one
valve operating wrench for each size of valve wrench nut. Provide guide rings where operating rods are longer
than 1830 millimeter 6 feet. Coat internal and external surfaces with bituminous sealer conforming to AWWA C104/A21.4
.
Disk shall be free of external ribs and streamlined. Fabricate disk from cast [ferrous] [nonferrous] alloys
conforming to [ASTM A 126 for Class B, cast iron] [ASTM A 436 for Type [1] [2] copper free austenitic cast iron]
[ASTM A 216/A 216M for Grade WCB cast steel] [ASTM A 395/A 395M and ASTM A 536 for ductile iron] [ASTM B 62]
[ASTM B 584] [ASTM B 148].
Use of taper pins to secure the valve disk to the shaft is prohibited.
Fabricate shafts from [AISI 300 series] [17-4 PH corrosion-resistant steel] [nickel copper alloy conforming to
ASTM B 164] and may be [one-piece] [stub-shaft] type. Extend stub shafts into the disk hub at least 1-1/2 shaft
diameters except for angle disk construction. Design connection between the valve shaft and disk to transmit
shaft torque equivalent to not less than [75] [_____] percent of the torsional strength of the minimum required
shaft diameter. Minimum nominal shaft diameter for all valves shall be in accordance with the following:
VALVE SIZE (DN) SHAFT DIAMETER VALVE SIZE SHAFT DIAMETER
MILLIMETER MILLIMETER MILLIMETER MILLIMETER
65 11 250 28
80 13 300 32
100 15 356 38
125 17 406 41
150 19 457 47
200 22 508 54
VALVE SIZE SHAFT DIAMETER VALVE SIZE SHAFT DIAMETER
INCHES INCHES INCHES INCHES
2-1/2 7/16 10 1-1/8
3 1/2 12 1-1/4
4 5/8 14 1-1/2
5 11/16 16 1-5/8
6 3/4 18 1-7/8
8 7/8 20 2-1/8
Seats and seals shall be resilient elastomer type, designed for field removal and replacement. Elastomers shall
be [Buna-N] [ethylene propylene terpolymer] [chloroprene] [_____] formulated for continuous immersion service
at [107] degrees C [225] degrees F [_____] minimum and shall be applied at least [10] [_____] percent below maximum
continuous service temperature. Bonding adhesives shall comply with elastomer temperature requirements and shall
have an effective life equal to or greater than the elastomer.
Design seals on DN500 20 inch and smaller valves to use [standard split V packing] [dual O-rings] [quad rings]
[the adjustable pulldown type].
Seats may be installed in the valve body or on the disk, except that circular cross section O-ring construction
shall not be acceptable.
Seat or disk mating surfaces shall be of corrosion-resistant material. These materials shall be [welded to substrate
and ground] [mechanically retained]. Plated or similarly applied surfacing materials shall not be acceptable.
Ensure bearings are permanently lubricated sleeve type of [manufacturer's standard corrosion-resistant steel][bronze][nickel-copper
alloy][nylon][filled tetrafluoroethylene]. Design bearings for [a pressure not exceeding the published design
load for the bearing material] [one-fifth of the compressive strength of the bearing or shaft material]. Provide
operating end of the shaft with [dual inboard bearings] [a single inboard and an outboard bearing in or beyond
the operator].
Provide padlocking feature to make valve tamperproof.
For balancing service, valve operators shall have provision for infinite position locking.
Provide manual nonchain-operated valves through DN200 8 inches with not less than nine-position lever lock handles
not exceeding [457] millimeter [18] inches [_____] in length.
Provide manual valves DN250 10 inches and larger, or smaller if the application torque exceeds a pull of [108]
newton-meter [80] pounds [_____], with gear operators.
Where valves are indicated to be chain operated, equip all sizes with gear operators, and chain length shall
be suitable for proper stowage and operation.
Gear operators shall be worm-gear type. Totally enclose operator in a cast iron housing suitable for grease
or oil lubrication. Gears shall be "hobcut." Cast-iron-housed traveling-nut operators shall conform to AWWA C504
. Size operators to provide the required torque, static or dynamic, with a maximum manual pull of [108] newton-meter
[80] pounds [_____] on the handwheel or chain wheel.
Provide modulating or remotely actuated two-position service valves with pneumatic operators, pilot positioners,
valve position indicators, and boosters and relays.
Maximum load on a pneumatic operator shall not exceed [85] [_____] percent of rated operator capacity.
2.5.3 Diaphragm Control and Instrument Valves (DCIV)
Diaphragm valves in sizes DN8 and DN10 1/4- and 3/8 inch shall have a forged brass body with reinforced tetrafluoroethylene
diaphragm, AISI 300 series corrosion-resistant steel spring, and round phenolic handle.
2.5.4 Gage Cocks (GC)
Gage cocks shall be T-head or lever handle ground key type with washer and screw, constructed of polished ASTM B 62
bronze, and rated for 862 kilopascal 125 psi saturated steam service. End connections shall suit the service,
with or without union and nipple.
2.5.5 Gate Valves (GAV)
Gate valves DN50 2 inches and smaller shall conform to MSS SP-80. Ensure packing is woven non-asbestos material
impregnated with not less than [25][_____] percent, by weight, tetrafluorethylene resin. Packing shall be woven
non-asbestos material impregnated with not less than [25] [_____] percent, by weight, tetrafluoroethylene resin.
Gate valves DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall be Type I, Class 1, conforming to MSS SP-70. Valves shall be
flanged, with bronze trim and outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) construction. Ensure packing is woven non-asbestos
material impregnated with not less than [25][_____] percent, by weight, tetrafluoroethylene resin.
2.5.6 Globe and Angle Valves (GLV and ANV)
Globe and angle valves DN50 2 inches and smaller shall conform to MSS SP-80. Valves located in tunnels, equipment
rooms, or factory-assembled equipment, shall be union-ring bonnet, screwed-end type. Disk shall be free to swivel
on the stem in all valve sizes. Composition seating surface disk construction may be substituted for all metal
disk construction. Packing shall be a woven material impregnated with not less than 25 percent, by weight, tetrafluoroethylene
resin.
Globe and angle valves DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger shall conform to MSS SP-80. Valve bodies shall be cast iron
conforming to ASTM A 126, Class A, as specified for Class 1 valves under MSS SP-70. Flange valve ends in conformance
with ASME B16.1, and valve construction shall be OS&Y type. Packing shall be a woven material impregnated
with not less than 25 percent, by weight, tetrafluoroethylene resin.
2.5.7 Eccentric Plug Valves (EPV)
Eccentric plug valves in sizes DN50 2 inches and smaller shall be [constructed of manufacturer's standard brass]
[bronze materials conforming to [ASTM B 61] [ASTM B 62]] [cast iron conforming to ASTM A 126, Class B]. Ensure
valves are rated for service at 1207 kilopascal 175 psi maximum nonshock pressure at 93 degrees C 200 degrees
F.. Valve body shall have [screwed] [grooved] ends. Coat eccentric plug surfaces in contact with flow with
a 60 to 70 Shore A durometer hardness elastomer resistant to compressed air.
Construct eccentric plug valves in sizes DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger of [Type 2 nickel alloy iron conforming
to ASTM A 436] [cast iron conforming to ASTM A 126]. Ensure valves are rated for service at 1207 kilopascal
175-psi maximum nonshock pressure at 93 degrees C 200 degrees F.. Valve body shall have [screwed] [grooved]
ends. Coat eccentric plug surfaces with a 60 to 70 Shore A durometer hardness elastomer resistant to compressed
air. For specified applications, in sizes to DN125 5 inch ips, cross-sectional area of valve bore, when open,
shall equal pipe inlet area. Valves used for combination shutoff and balancing service shall be fitted with
a memory device. Memory device or mechanism shall permit a valve set at a balance point to be opened or closed,
but not beyond the balance point. Fit valves up to DN150 6 inch ips with removable lever operator. Valves DN150
6 inch ips and larger shall be fitted with totally enclosed flood-lubricated worm gear drive such that operating
torque does not exceed [67] [_____] newton per meter [50] [_____] foot-pounds.
2.6 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.6.1 Bolting
Flange and general-purpose bolting shall be hex-head and shall conform to ASTM F 568M, Class 4.8 or above ASTM A 307
, Grade B. Heavy hex-nuts shall conform to ASTM A 563M ASME B18.2.2. Square-head bolts shall not be acceptable.
Grooved couplings shall utilize bolts and nuts of heat treated carbon steel conforming to ASTM A 183.
2.6.2 Elastomer Calk
[Polysulfide] [polyurethane base] elastomer calking material shall be a two-component type conforming to ASTM C 920
.
2.6.3 Escutcheons
Escutcheons shall be manufactured from nonferrous metals and [chrome plated] [hot-dipped galvanized] except when
AISI 300 series corrosion-resistant steel is provided. Metals and finish shall be in accordance with ASME A112.18.1
.
Escutcheons shall be [one-piece] [split-pattern] type. Escutcheons shall maintain a fixed position against a
surface by means of internal spring tension devices or setscrews.
2.6.4 Flashing
Sheet lead shall conform to ASTM B 749, Grade [B] [C] [D] and weigh not less than [19] [_____] kilogram per square
meter [4] [_____] pounds per square foot.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B 370 and weigh not less than [16] [_____] ounces per square [4.88] [_____]
kilogram per square meterfoot.
2.6.5 Flange Gaskets
Compressed non-asbestos sheet shall conform to ASTM F 104, Type 1, and be coated on both sides with [graphite]
[_____].
Grooved flange adapters gasketing shall be a pressure responsive elastomer conforming to ASTM D 2000.
2.6.6 Pipe Thread Compounds
Use tetrafluorethylene tape not less than [0.05] [0.08] millimeter [2] [3] mils thick in compressed air systems
for pipe sizes to and including DN25 1 inch ips. Tetrafluoroethylene dispersions and other suitable compounds
may be used for other applications upon approval by the Contracting Officer.
2.7 SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
Contractor shall provide all necessary piping system components and miscellaneous required supporting elements.
Supporting elements shall be suitable for stresses imposed by system pressures and temperatures, and natural
and other external forces.
NOTE: Refer to Section 23 05 48 VIBRATION AND SEISMIC CONTROLS FOR HVAC PIPING
AND EQUIPMENT for vibration isolation considerations.
Supporting elements shall be [FM-approved] [UL-listed] and conform to requirements of ASME B31.3, MSS SP-58,
and MSS SP-69, except as otherwise noted. Type devices specified herein are defined in MSS standards unless
otherwise noted.
2.7.1 Building Structure Attachments
Concrete and masonry anchor devices shall conform to requirements of FS FF-S-325 Group [I] [II], Type 2, Class
2, Style [1] [2]; Group [III] [VIII].
Cast-in floor-mounted equipment anchor devices shall provide adjustable positions.
Masonry anchor devices shall be built-in, unless otherwise approved by the Contracting Officer.
Do not use power actuated anchoring devices to support mechanical systems components.
Beam clamps shall be center loading Type [21] [28] [29] [30], UL listed, cataloged, and load rated, and commercially
manufactured.
NOTE: C-clamps, as a means of attaching hangers to structural steel, should
be avoided. Where used, consider vibration forces and single or accumulated
load and resultant moment on structural steel.
[Do not use C-clamps.]
[Use clamps to support piping sizes DN40 1-1/2 inches and smaller. C-clamps shall be FM approved and UL listed
with hardened cup tip, setscrew, locknut, and retaining strap. Retaining strap section shall be not less than
[3 by 25] millimeter [1/8 by 1] inch [_____]. Beam flange thickness to which clamps are attached shall not
exceed 15 millimeter 0.60 inch.
Construct concrete inserts in accordance with the requirements of MSS SP-58, for Type 18 and MSS SP-69. When
applied to piping in sizes DN50 2 inch ips and larger and where otherwise required by imposed loads, a 305 millimeter
length of 13 millimeter 1-foot length of 1/2 inch reinforcing rod shall be inserted and wired through wing slots.
Approved proprietary-type continuous inserts may be similarly used upon approval by the Contracting Officer.]
2.7.2 Horizontal Pipe Attachments
Piping in sizes to and including DN50 2 inch ips shall be supported by Type 6 solid malleable-iron pipe rings
except that split-band-type rings may be used in sizes up to DN25 1 inch ips.
Piping in sizes through DN200 8 inch ips inclusive shall be supported by Types [1] [3] [4] attachments.
Piping in sizes larger than DN200 8 inch ips shall be supported with Type [41] [49] pipe rolls.
Trapeze hangers fabricated from approved structural steel shapes, with U-bolts, shall be used in congested areas
and where multiple pipe runs occur. Structural steel shapes shall [conform to supplementary steel requirements]
[be a commercially available, proprietary-design, rolled steel].
2.7.3 Vertical Pipe Attachments
Vertical pipe attachments shall be Type 8.
2.7.4 Hanger Rods and Fixtures
Use only circular cross-section rod hangers to connect building structure attachments to pipe support devices.
Pipe, straps, or bars of equivalent strength may be used for hangers only where approved by the Contracting Officer.
Provide turnbuckles, swing eyes, and clevises as required by support system to accommodate pipe accessibility
and adjustment for load and pitch.
2.7.5 Supplementary Steel
Where it is necessary to frame structural members between existing members or where structural members are used
in lieu of commercially rated supports, such supplementary steel shall be designed and fabricated in accordance
with AISC 360.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 UNDERGROUND PIPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
3.1.1 Compressed Air System Installation
Perform installation of compressed air systems in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Installation
shall be in the presence of the Contracting Officer who shall be notified by the Contractor [48] [_____] hours
in advance of the work.
Excavations shall be in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
Piping shall be laid beginning at the low point of a system, and when in final position, shall be true to the
grades and alignment with unbroken continuity of invert.
[Do not permit blocking and wedging.]
Pipes passing through walls below grade and ground floor slab shall pass through pipe sleeves.
In fill areas, pipe passing under or through building grade beams shall have a minimum of [100] millimeter [4]
inches [_____] clearance in all directions.
Where pipe penetrates earth or concrete grade, not less than [300] millimeter [12] inches [_____] of polyethylene-coated
Type BCS-PS pipe shall be exposed to view.
Install Type BCS-PS materials in accordance with the applicable requirements for underground piping and aboveground
piping. Pipe shall be palletized in padded pallets at the factory and shall be handled from pallet to final
position with padded gear. Protect surfaces from the sun with black polyethylene sheeting. Prior to being lowered
into a trench, check sheathing for continuity with 10,000 volts applied by a continuity detector. In the trench,
after joints and fittings are made, check previously untested surfaced for continuity. Where discontinuities
in thermoplastic are found, not less than [0.30] millimeter [12] inches [_____] of material upstream and downstream
of fault shall be discarded.
[After valves, valve operators, and valve boxes have been inspected and not less than [48] [_____] hours prior
to being lowered into a trench, coat external surfaces with a compatible bituminous coating for protection against
brackish ground water. Application shall be single coat in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,
and shall result in a dry-film thickness of not less than [0.30] millimeter [12] mils [_____].]
3.1.2 Valve Boxes
Valves and valve boxes shall be set plumb. Center valve boxes on the valves.
[Provide concrete slabs 100 millimeter 4 inches thick to protect valve boxes.]
3.2 ABOVE GROUND PIPING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
3.2.1 Piping Systems
Fabricate and install piping systems in accordance with ASME B31.3, MSS SP-69, ASME BPVC, and applicable AWS
requirements.
Fabricate pipe to measurements established on the job and carefully work into place without springing or forcing.
NOTE: When the following paragraph does not provide for cleanliness required
by project conditions and if pickling of pipe and temporary line strainers are
required, rewrite the following paragraph. Do not oil pipe bore. Use phosphoric
acid rust preventing treatment.
Pipe, tubing, fittings, valves, equipment, and Accessories shall be clean and free of all foreign material before
being installed in their respective systems. Clean pipe by a method approved by the Contracting Officer. Purge
lines with dry, oil-free compressed air after erection, but purging shall not be relied upon for removing all
foreign matter. Purge lines at a velocity equal to 1-1/2 times maximum normal flow velocity. During the progress
of construction, protect open ends of pipe, fittings, and valves at all times to prevent the admission of foreign
matter. Except when connections are actually underway, install plugs or caps on all pipe and component openings.
Plugs or caps shall be commercially manufactured products.
Install piping straight and true, with approved offsets around obstructions and with necessary expansion bends
or fitting offsets essential to a satisfactory installation and as may be necessary to increase headroom or to
avoid interference with the building construction, electric conduit, or facilities equipment.
Use standard long sweep pipe fittings for changes in direction. No mitered joints or unapproved pipe bends shall
be permitted.
Pipe bends in seamless pipe may be made with hydraulic benders in the field for pipe sizes to DN100 4 inch ips
, upon approval of the Contracting Officer. Radius of pipe bends shall be not less than [five] [_____] nominal
pipe diameters.
Tee connections shall be made with screwed tee fittings or grooved tee fittings, or, where pipe is being welded,
branch connections shall be made with either welding tees or forged branch outlet fittings, either being acceptable
without size limitations. Branch outlet fittings shall be forged, flared for improved flow where attached to
the run, reinforced against external strains, and designed to withstand full burst-pressure strength requirements.
Provide tool space between parallel piping runs whenever threaded unions or couplings are installed.
Horizontal piping shall have a grade of [25.0 millimeter per 30480 millimeter] [1 inch per 100 feet] [_____].
Use eccentric reducers where required to permit proper drainage of pipe lines. Do not permit bushings for this
purpose. Provide drain valves in piping systems at low points. Pipe drains shall consist of DN15 1/2 inch globe
valves with renewable disks and 20 millimeter 3/4 inch hose adapter.
Perform installation of piping in a manner that will prevent stresses and strains from being imposed on connected
equipment.
Make expansion bends in steel pipe from pipe sections and long-radius welding elbows in sizes DN25 1 inch and
larger. Expansion U-bends shall be cold sprung and welded into the line. Anchor line before removing the spreader
from the expansion U-bend.
3.2.2 Joints
Ream pipe ends before joint connections are made.
Make up screwed joints with joint compound.
Apply joint compounds to the male thread only, and exercise care to prevent compound from reaching the interior
of the pipe.
Provide screwed unions, welded unions, or bolted flanges wherever required to permit convenient removal of equipment,
valves, and piping Accessories from the piping system.
Assemble flanged joints with appropriate flanges, gaskets, and bolting. Clearance between flange faces shall
be such that the connections can be gasketed and bolted tight without imposing undue strain on the piping system.
Flange faces shall be parallel and the bores concentric. Center gaskets on the flange faces without projecting
into the bore. Lubricate bolting with oil and graphite before assembly to ensure uniform bolt stressing. Draw
up and tighten flange bolts in staggered sequence to prevent unequal gasket compression and deformation of the
flanges. Wherever a flange with a raised face is joined to a companion flange with a flat face, the raised face
shall be machined to a smooth matching surface, and a full facegasket shall be used. After the piping system
has been tested and is in service at its maximum temperature, bolting shall be retightened. Only use hex-head
nuts and bolts. Gasket material shall be fresh stock, 1.6 millimeter 1/16 inch thick.
Field welded joints shall conform to the requirements of the AWS-03 and ASME B31.3.
Copper tubing for solder joints shall be cut square, and burrs shall be removed with approved cutting and reaming
tools. Clean inside surfaces of fittings and outside surfaces of tubes in joint area before assembly of joint.
Apply joint flux, solder, and heat source in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to provide proper
capillary action to fill the socket space and to achieve 100 percent of shear-line strength capability. Valves
in copper piping shall have screwed ends with end adapters to suit mechanical connections, unless solder joining
is specified for a given application. Remake copper joints that fail pressure tests with new materials, including
pipe or tubing fittings and filler metal.
Tubing for mechanical joints shall be cut square, and burrs shall be removed. Exercise care to avoid work-hardened
copper surfaces and cut off or anneal tube ends. Heating temperature and air-cooling shall be in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.3 Control and Instrument Air Tubing
Conceal tubing, except in mechanical rooms or areas where other piping is exposed.
Use hard-drawn copper tubing in exposed areas. Do not use anneal copper in concealed locations.
Fittings for supply system copper tubing shall be wrought copper solder joint-type, except at connection to apparatus
where specified brass mechanical and ips thread adapter fittings shall be used. Tool-made bends in lieu of fittings
are acceptable. Neatly nest multiple tube runs.
[Use fittings for plastic tubing in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.]
[Plastic tubing, sheathed or unsheathed, may be used in lieu of copper tubing, provided:
Plastic tubing is not exposed to ultraviolet light and continuous ambient temperatures in excess of 49 degrees
C 120 degrees F at any point along run.
Plastic tubing is free from danger of mechanical damage and readily accessible for replacement with a
minimum of tools and without need to remove plaster, furring, equipment, and similar permanent construction.
Plastic tubing is not embedded in concrete, concealed within walls of structure, or hot pipe and duct
chases.
Plastic tubing is enclosed within control panel cabinets or concealed behind control panels.
Routing has prior approval of the Contracting Officer.
Plastic tubing installed inside or behind control panels shall be [color coded] [number coded]. Neatly tie and
support tubing. Flexible connections bridging the cabinet and its door shall be neatly fastened along the hinge
side and protected against abrasion.
When the tubing run is less than 300 millimeter 12 inches, plastic tubing may be used. Otherwise, terminal single
line shall be hard-drawn copper tubing.]
Mechanically attach tubing to supporting surfaces. Supports using adhesives shall not be acceptable.
Copper tubing horizontal supports for less than 3 tubes shall be rigid 25 by 10 millimeter 1-by 3/8 inch metal
channel and shall be proprietary metal tube race for 3 or more tubes.
[Exposed plastic tubing in mechanical rooms or spaces where copper tubing is exposed shall be run within adequately
supported [metal raceway] [metallic or plastic electric conduit] [pipe].]
[Use multiple-tube plastic harness or sheathing in place of single plastic tubes where a number of plastic tubes
run to the same points.]
[Multiple-tube plastic harness or sheathing may be imbedded in concrete or run in soil below concrete provided
it is jointless, contains 30 percent spares, and prior approval of the Contracting Officer has been obtained.]
Copper-tubing runs imbedded in concrete shall be annealed and protected by [metallic] [plastic] electric conduit.
Copper-tubing runs in soil shall be jointless and protected from brackish ground water and leaching concrete
alkali by 0.30 millimeter 12-mil thick [bituminous coating] [equivalent polyvinylchloride (PVC) tape wrapping].
Make tubing penetrations of concrete surfaces through minimum DN25 1 inch ips, Schedule 40, rigid unplasticized
PVC pipe sleeves, except that multitube harness 40 millimeter 1-1/2-inches outside diameter and larger need not
have additional protection. Sleeve shall extend [150] millimeter [6] inches [_____] above floors and [25] millimeter
[1] inch [_____] below grade surface of slabs. Where water or vapor-barrier sealing is required, apply 15 millimeter
1/2 inch deep elastometer caulk to surfaces that are free from oil and other deleterious substances.
Systematically purge tubing with [dry, oil-free compressed air] [nitrogen] to rid system of impurities [generated
during joint-making and installation] and atmospheric moisture before connection to control instruments.
3.2.4 General Service Valve Locations
Provide valves to permit isolation of branch piping and each equipment item from the balance of the system, to
allow safe and convenient access without moving equipment, and to require a minimum of piping and equipment disassembly.
Provide valves in piping mains and branches at equipment and equipment items.
Provide riser and downcomer drains above piping shutoff valves in piping DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger. Tap and
fit shutoff valve body with a DN15 1/2 inch plugged globe valve.
Provide three-valve bypass around each pressure-regulating valve.
Provide valves unavoidably located in furred or other normally inaccessible places with access panels.
3.2.5 Bypass Throttling Valves
Valves shall be globe type with [metallic] [composition disc].
3.2.6 Supporting Elements Installation
Provide support elements in accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.1, MSS SP-58, MSS SP-69. Hang piping
from building construction. No piping shall be hung from roof deck or from other pipe.
Attachment to building construction concrete shall be by approved cast-in concrete inserts wherever possible.
Attachment to building construction solid masonry shall be by built-in anchors. Where attachment by either of
above methods is not possible, specified masonry anchor devices may be used upon receipt of written approval
from the Contracting Officer.
Embed fish plates in the concrete to transmit hanger loads to the reinforcing steel where hanger rods exceed
22 millimeter 7/8 inch diameter.
Construct masonry anchors selected for overhead applications of ferrous materials only.
Install masonry anchors conforming to FS FF-S-325 [Group I] [Group II, Type 2, Class 2, Style [1] [2]]; [Group
VIII] in rotary, nonpercussion, electric drilled holes. Group III self-drilling anchors may be used provided
masonry drilling is done with electric hammers selected and applied in a manner that will preclude concrete spalling
or cracking both visible or invisible. Pneumatic tool use is not allowed.
Percussive action, electric hammers, and combination rotary-electric hammers used for the installation of self-drilling
anchors shall be selected in accordance with the following guide:
For nominal anchor device sizes M6 through M14 1/4- through 1/2 inch, the tool shall be hammer type only
or combination rotary-hammer type and shall be rated at load to draw not more than 5.0 amperes when operating
on 120-volt, 60-hertz power.
For nominal anchor device sizes M16 5/8 inch and larger, the hammer type only tool shall be rated at
load to draw not more than 8.0 amperes when operating on 120-volt, 60-hertz power. Combination rotary
hammer tools on the same power supply shall have a full-load current rating not to exceed 10 amperes.
Size inserts and anchors for the total stress to be applied with a safety factor as required by applicable codes
but in no case less than [4] [_____].
Insert anchor devices into concrete sections not less than twice the overall length of the device and locate
them not less than the following applicable distance from any side or end edge or centerline of adjacent anchor
service:
Anchor Bolt Minimum Edge
Length (Millimeter) Space (Millimeter)
6 90
8 95
10 100
14 125
16 150
20 175
22 200
Anchor Bolt Minimum Edge
Length (Inches) Space (Inches)
1/4 3-1/2
5/16 3-3/4
3/8 4
1/2 5
5/8 6
3/4 7
7/8 8
In special circumstances, upon prior written approval of the Contracting Officer, center-to-center distance may
be reduced to 50 percent of given distance provided the load on the device is reduced in direct proportion to
reduced distance.
Piping shall run parallel with the lines of the building. Space and install piping and components so that a
threaded pipe fitting may be removed between adjacent pipes and so that there will be not less than [13] millimeter
[1/2] inch [_____] of clear space between the finished surface and other work and between the finished surface
and parallel adjacent piping. Hangers on different adjacent service lines running parallel with each other shall
be arranged to be in line with each other and parallel to the lines of the building.
Place identical service systems piping, where practical, at same elevation and hung on trapeze hangers adjusted
for proper pitch.
Spacing of trapeze hangers where piping is grouped in parallel runs shall be the closest interval required for
any size pipe supported.
Where it is necessary to avoid any transfer of load from support to support or onto connecting equipment, pipe
hangers shall be constant support type.
Provide approved pipe alignment guides, attached in an approved manner to the building structure, to control
pipe movement in true alignment in the piping adjacent to and on each side of all pipe expansion loops.
Anchors incorporated in piping systems for the purpose of maintaining permanent pipe positions shall be welded
to the piping and attached to the building structure in a manner approved by the Contracting Officer.
Suitably brace piping against sway and vibration. Bracing shall consist of brackets, anchor chairs, rods, and
structural steel for Vibration Isolation.
[Locate pipe lines supported from roof purlins not greater than [one-sixth] [_____] of the purlin span from the
roof truss. Load per hanger shall not exceed [1780] newton [400] pounds [_____] when support is from a single
purlin, [3560] newton [800] pounds [_____] when hanger load is applied to purlins halfway between purlins by
means of auxiliary support steel installed by the Contractor.] When support is not halfway between purlins,
the allowable hanger load shall be the product of [400] [_____] times the inverse ratio of the longest distance
to purlin to purlin spacing.
When the hanger load exceeds the above limits, furnish and install the reinforcing of the roof purlin(s) or additional
support beam(s). When an additional beam is used, the beam shall bear on the top chord of the roof trusses, and
bearing shall be over gusset plates of top chord. Stabilize beam by connection to roof purlin along bottom flange.
Purlins used for supporting fire protection sprinkler lines, electrical lighting fixtures, or electrical power
duct or cable tray shall be considered fully loaded, and supplemental reinforcing for these purlins or auxiliary
support steel shall be furnished and installed by the Contractor.
Install hangers and supports for piping at intervals specified herein at locations not more than [900] millimeter
[3] feet [_____] from the ends of each runout and not over [25] [_____] percent of the specified interval from
each change in direction of piping.
Load rating for all pipe hanger supports shall be based on weight and forces imposed on all lines. Deflection
per span shall not exceed slope gradient of pipe. Schedule 40 and heavier pipe supports shall be in accordance
with the following minimum rod size. Maximum allowable hanger spacing and concentrated loads will reduce allowable
span proportionately:
PIPE SIZE (DN) ROD SIZE STEEL PIPE
MILLIMETER MILLIMETER MILLIMETER
Up to 25 10 2438
32 to 40 10 3048
50 10 3660
65 to 90 15 3660
100 to 125 16 4880
150 20 4880
200 to 300 22 6100
PIPE SIZE ROD SIZE STEEL PIPE
INCHES INCHES FEET
Up to 1 3/8 8
1-1/4 to 1-1/2 3/8 10
2 3/8 12
2-1/2 to 3-1/2 1/2 12
4 to 5 5/8 16
6 3/4 16
8 to 12 7/8 20
Where possible, support vertical risers at the base at intervals specified and guide for lateral stability.
Place clamps under fittings wherever possible. Support carbon steel pipe at each floor at not more than 4570
millimeter 15-foot intervals for pipe DN50 2 inches and smaller and at not more than 6100 millimeter 20-foot
intervals for pipe DN65 2-1/2 inches and larger.
After the piping systems have been installed, tested, and placed in satisfactory operation, the Contractor shall
firmly tighten hanger rod nuts and jam nuts to prevent any movement.
3.2.7 Sound Stopping
Provide effective sound stopping and adequate operating clearance to prevent structure contact where piping penetrates
walls, floors, or ceilings, into occupied spaces adjacent to equipment rooms, where similar penetrations occur
between occupied spaces, and where penetrations occur from pipe chases into occupied spaces. Occupied spaces
includes space above ceilings where no special acoustic treatment of ceiling is provided. Penetrations shall
be finished to be compatible with surface being penetrated.
Sound stopping provisions shall be essentially the materials and procedures specified under "Sleeves" in this
section.
[Sound stopping and vapor barrier sealing of pipe shafts and large floor and wall openings shall be accomplished
by packing to high density with properly supported mineral fiber or, where ambient or surface temperatures do
not exceed 49 degrees C 120 degrees F, by foaming in place with self-extinguishing, 0.9 kilogram 2-pound density
polyurethane foam to a depth not less than [150] millimeter [6] inches [_____]. Finish foam with a rasp. Vapor
barrier shall be not less than [3] millimeter [1/8] inch [_____] thickness of vinyl coating applied to visible
and accessible surfaces. Where high temperatures and fire-stopping are a consideration, only mineral fiber shall
be used and openings shall, in addition, be covered with [1.6] millimeter [16]-gage [_____] sheet metal.]
All mineral materials shall conform to requirements specified under "Sleeves" in this section.
Leadwool and viscoelastic damping compounds may be proposed for use where other sound-stopping methods are not
practical, provided temperature and fire-resistance characteristics of the compounds are suitable for the service.
3.2.8 Sleeves
Sleeves are required where piping passes through roofs, through masonry or concrete walls, or through floor.
Lay out and set sleeve work before placement of slabs or construction of walls and roof. Furnish sleeves necessary
to complete the work.
Where pipe sleeves are required after slabs and masonry are installed, holes to accommodate these sleeves shall
be made with core drills. Set sleeves in place with a two-component epoxy adhesive system approved by the Contracting
Officer. Carry no load by such sleeves unless approved by the Contracting Officer.
Sleeves shall be flush with all ceilings.
Sleeves shall be flush with the floor in finished spaces and shall extend [50] millimeter [2] inches [_____]
above the floor in unfinished spaces.
Sleeves passing through steel decks shall be continuously [welded] [brazed] to the deck.
Sleeves extending through floors, roofs, and load bearing walls, and sleeves through fire barriers shall be continuous
and fabricated from Schedule 40 steel pipe with welded anchor lugs. Other sleeves may be formed by molded linear
polyethylene liners or similar materials that are removable. Diameter of sleeves shall be large enough to accommodate
pipe, insulation, and jacketing without touching the sleeve and provide a minimum [10] millimeter [3/8] inch
[_____] clearance. Sleeve size shall accommodate mechanical and thermal motion of pipe to preclude transmission
of vibration to walls and generation of noise.
Space between a pipe, bare or insulated, and the inside of a pipe sleeve or a construction surface penetration
shall be packed solid with a mineral fiber conforming to ASTM C 592, Form B, Class 8. Wherever the piping passes
through firewalls, equipment room walls, floors and ceilings connected to occupied spaces, and other locations
where sleeves or construction surface penetrations occur between occupied spaces, similar packing shall be provided.
Where sleeves or construction surface penetrations occur between conditioned and unconditioned spaces, the space
between a pipe, bare or insulated, and the inside of a pipe sleeve or construction surface penetration shall
be filled with an elastomer calk to a depth of [13] millimeter [1/2] inch [_____]. Surfaces to be calked shall
be oil- and grease-free.
Exterior wall sleeves shall be [calked watertight with lead and oakum] [made watertight with mechanically expandable
chloroprene inserts with mastic sealed metal components].
Sleeve height above roof surface shall be [300] millimeter [12] inches [_____].
3.2.9 Escutcheons
Provide escutcheons at penetrations of piping into finished areas. Where finished areas are separated by partitions
through which piping passes, provide escutcheons on both sides of the partition. Provide plates at the underside
only of such ceilings, where suspended ceilings are installed. Plates shall be large enough to fit around the
insulation, for insulated pipes. Escutcheons shall be chrome-plated in occupied spaces and shall be of sufficient
size to conceal openings in building construction. Firmly attach escutcheons with setscrews.
3.2.10 Flashings
Provide required flashings at mechanical systems penetrations of building boundaries.
3.3 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS TESTING
Prior to acceptance of the work, pressure-test completed systems in the presence of the Contracting Officer.
[Testing shall be done in two stages: preliminary stage and acceptance stage, including gage tests.]
[Perform no testing until personnel not directly involved in the test have been evacuated from the area.]
[Contractor may conduct tests for his own purposes, but preliminary testing and the acceptance test shall be
conducted as specified.]
3.3.1 Preliminary Stage Tests
NOTE: Select the following paragraph only when pneumatic testing is specified.
[Tests shall be pneumatic and shall use dry, oil-free compressed air. Use carbon dioxide or nitrogen in metallic
systems.]
[Testing of any system for any purpose shall include preliminary testing by swabbing joints under test with standard
high-strength film soap solution and observing for bubbles at internal pressures not in excess of 35 kilopascal
5 psi.]
When testing reveals that leakage exceeds specified limits, isolate and repair the leaks, replace defective materials
where necessary, and retest the system until specified limits are met. Remake leaking gaskets with new gaskets
and new flange bolting, and discard used bolting and gaskets.
Other than standard piping flanges, plugs, caps and valves, only use commercially manufactured expandable elastomer
plugs for sealing off piping for test purposes. Published safe test pressure rating of any plug used shall be
not less than three times the actual test pressure being applied. During pneumatic testing or hydrostatic testing
, evacuate personnel from areas where plugs are used.
Remove components that could be damaged by test pressure from piping systems to be tested.
Perform Valve-Operating Tests and Drainage Tests according to referenced standards.
Check piping system components, such as valves, for proper operation under system test pressure.
No test media shall be added to a system during a test for a period specified or determined by the Contracting
Officer.
Duration of a test will be determined by the Contracting Officer and will be for a minimum of [15] [_____] minutes
with a maximum of [24] [_____] hours. Test may be terminated by direction of the Contracting Officer at any
point after it has been determined that the leakage rate is within limits.
Prepare and maintain test records of all piping systems tests. Records shall show Governmental and Contractor
test personnel responsibilities, dates, test gage identification numbers, ambient temperatures, pressure ranges,
rates of pressure drop, and leakage rates.
NOTE: Select the following paragraph only when hydrostatic testing is specified.
[Tests shall be hydrostatic. Only use potable water for testing. Government will supply testing water at a location
determined by the Contracting Officer. Contractor shall be responsible for approved disposal of contaminated
water. Temperature of water used for testing shall not be low enough to cause condensation of atmospheric moisture
on system surfaces. Provide supplementary heat, when necessary.]
[To preclude injury and damage, take necessary precautions by venting the expansive force of compressed air trapped
during high-pressure Hydrostatic Testing. When purging or vent valves are not provided, the Contracting Officer
may require the removal of any system component such as plugs or caps to verify that the water has reached all
parts of the system.]
[Upon completion of testing, drain and purge the system with dry air. Verify system dryness by hygrometer comparison
with purging air.]
[Irrespective of the amount of measured leakage, immediately repair visible leaks or defects in the pipeline.]
3.3.2 Test Gages
Contractor's test gages shall conform to ASME B40.100 and have a dial size of 200 millimeter 8 inches or larger.
Maximum permissible scale range for a given test shall be such that the pointer during a test shall have a starting
position at midpoint of the dial or within the middle third of the scale range. Certification of accuracy and
correction table shall bear a date within [90] [_____] calendar days prior to test use, test gage number, and
the project number, unless otherwise approved by the Contracting Officer.
3.3.3 Acceptance Pressure Testing
Testing shall take place during steady-state ambient temperature conditions.
Test ferrous piping systems at [1-1/2] [_____] times maximum operating pressure. Maintain test pressure for
a period of not less than [2] [_____] hours with an allowable pressure drop of [14] kilopascal [2] psi [_____]
during that time unless otherwise approved by the Contracting Officer.
Test control and instrumentation tubing systems at [205] kilopascal [30] psi [_____]. Maintain test pressure
for a period of not less than [24] [_____] hours with essentially no pressure drop during that time.
3.4 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM CLEANING
Remove rust and dirt from the bore and exterior surface of all piping and equipment. Clean pipeline strainers,
temporary and permanent, during purging operations, after startup, and immediately prior to final acceptance
by the Government.
Flush and clean new steel piping with a suitable degreasing agent, [____], until visible, grease, dirt, and other
contaminants have been removed. Degreased waste material including the degreaser itself shall be disposed of
in accordance with written instructions received from the Environmental authority having jurisdiction through
the Contracting Officer and in accordance with all Local, State and Federal Regulations.
3.5 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION
Identification plates shall be protected and kept clean. Replace damaged and illegible identification plates
at no additional expense.
Label and arrow piping at each point of entry and exit of piping passing through walls; at each change in direction,
such as at elbows and tees; and in congested or hidden areas, at each point required to clarify service or indicate
a hazard. Also label each riser.
In long straight runs, locate labels at distances visible to each other, but in no case shall the distance between
labels exceed [22860] millimeter [75] feet [_____]. Labels shall be legible from the primary service and operating
area.