USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA UFGS-23 57 10.00 10 (January 2008)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-23 57 10.00 10 (October 2007)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 23 57 10.00 10
FORCED HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS USING WATER AND STEAM HEAT EXCHANGERS
01/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for forced hot water
heating system using a steam or high temperature water heat exchanger.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
This guide specification includes tailoring options for low temperature systems,
steam systems, and high and medium temperature systems. Selection or deselection
of a tailoring option will include or exclude that option in the section, but
editing the resulting section to fit the project is still required.
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION (AWWA)AWWA C606(2006) Grooved and Shouldered Joints][AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)AWS A5.8/A5.8M(2004; Errata 2004) Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding][ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME)ASME B1.20.1(1983; R 2006) Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)ASME B16.1(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.11(2005) Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and ThreadedASME B16.15(2006) Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.18(2001; R 2005) Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsASME B16.21(2005) Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesASME B16.22(2001; R 2005) Standard for Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsASME B16.26(2006) Standard for Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper TubesASME B16.3(2006) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300ASME B16.34(2004) Valves - Flanged, Threaded and Welding EndASME B16.39(1998; R 2006) Standard for Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions; Classes 150, 250, and 300ASME B16.4(2006) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.5(2003) Standard for Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24ASME B16.9(2007) Standard for Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding FittingsASME B31.1(2007; Addenda 2008) Power PipingASME B40.100(2005) Pressure Gauges and Gauge AttachmentsASME BPVC SEC IX(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section IX, Welding and Brazing QualificationsASME BPVC SEC VIII D1(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section VIII, Pressure Vessels Division 1 - Basic Coverage][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 105/A 105M(2005) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsASTM A 106/A 106M(2008) Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A 183(2003) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and NutsASTM A 193/A 193M(2008b) Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A 234/A 234M(2007) Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature ServiceASTM A 47/A 47M(1999; R 2004) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip ProcessASTM A 515/A 515M(2003; R 2007) Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature ServiceASTM A 516/A 516M(2006) Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature ServiceASTM A 53/A 53M(2007) Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessASTM A 536(1984e1; R 2004) Standard Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsASTM A 653/A 653M(2008) Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip ProcessASTM A 733(2003) Standard Specification for Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe NipplesASTM B 251(2002e1) General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy TubeASTM B 251M(1997; R 2003) General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube (Metric)ASTM B 265(2008b) Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and PlateASTM B 32(2008) Standard Specification for Solder MetalASTM B 333(2003; R 2008) Standard Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Plate, Sheet, and StripASTM B 395/B 395M(2008) Standard Specification for U-Bend Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Heat Exchanger and Condenser TubesASTM B 424(2005) Standard Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS N08825 and UNS N08221)* Plate, Sheet, and StripASTM B 62(2002) Standard Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal CastingsASTM B 650(1995; R 2008) Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chromium Coatings on Ferrous SubstratesASTM B 687(1999; R 2005e1) Standard Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe NipplesASTM B 75(2002) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper TubeASTM B 75M(1999; R 2005) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube (Metric)ASTM B 813(2000e1) Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy TubeASTM B 828(2002) Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and FittingsASTM B 88(2003) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water TubeASTM B 88M(2005) Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube (Metric)ASTM D 1248(2005) Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and CableASTM D 1384(2005e1) Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in GlasswareASTM D 2000(2008) Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive ApplicationsASTM D 3308(2006) PTFE Resin Skived TapeASTM D 596(2001; R 2006) Reporting Results of Analysis of Water][EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (EJMA)EJMA Stds(2003) EJMA Standards][HYDRONICS INSTITUTE DIVISION OF GAMA (HYI)HYI-005(2004) I=B=R Ratings for Boilers, Baseboard Radiation and Finned Tube (Commercial)][MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS)MSS SP-25(2008) Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS SP-58(2002) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design and ManufactureMSS SP-69(2003; R 2004) Standard for Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and ApplicationMSS SP-70(2006) Standard for Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsMSS SP-71(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Swing Check Valves, Flanged and Threaded EndsMSS SP-80(2008) Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check ValvesMSS SP-85(2002) Standard for Cast Iron Globe & Angle Valves, Flanged and Threaded Ends][NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)NEMA 250(2003) Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)NEMA MG 1(2007; Errata 2008) Standard for Motors and Generators][PLUMBING-HEATING-COOLING CONTRACTORS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (PHCC)NAPHCC NSPC(2003) National Standard Plumbing Code]1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Heating System
Detail drawings consisting of a complete list of equipment and material, including manufacturer's
descriptive and technical literature, performance charts and curves, catalog cuts, and installation
instructions. Also show on the drawings complete wiring and schematic diagrams and any other
details required to demonstrate that the system has been coordinated and will properly function
as a unit. Show on the drawings proposed layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances
and equipment relationship to other parts of the work including clearances for maintenance and
operation.
SD-03 Product Data
Spare Parts
Spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified.
Welding
[_____] copies of qualified procedures and list of names and identification symbols of qualified
welders and welding operators, prior to welding operations.
Framed Instructions
Proposed diagrams, instructions, and other sheets, prior to posting. Show in the instructions
wiring and control diagrams and complete layout of the entire system. The instructions shall
include, in typed form, condensed operating instructions explaining preventive maintenance procedures,
methods of checking the system for normal safe operation and procedures for safely starting
and stopping the system.
SD-06 Test Reports
Testing and Cleaning
Performance test reports in booklet form showing all field tests performed to adjust each
component and all field tests performed to prove compliance with the specified performance criteria,
upon completion and testing of the installed system. Indicate in each test report the final
position of controls.
Water Treatment Testing
Identify in the water quality test report the chemical composition of the heating water.
The report shall include a comparison of the condition of the water with the chemical company's
recommended conditions. Any required corrective action shall be documented within the report.
SD-07 Certificates
Bolts
Written certification that the bolts furnished comply with the requirements of this specification,
provided by the bolt manufacturer. The certification shall include illustrations of product-required
markings, the date of manufacture, and the number of each type of bolt to be furnished based
on this certification.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Operation and Maintenance Manuals
[Six] [_____] copies of operation and [six] [_____] copies of maintenance manuals for the
equipment furnished. One complete set, prior to performance testing and the remainder upon
acceptance. Operating manuals shall detail the step-by-step procedures required for system
startup, operation, and shutdown. Operating manuals shall include the manufacturer's name,
model number, parts list, and brief description of all equipment and their basic operating features.
Maintenance manuals shall list routine maintenance procedures, water treatment procedures, possible
breakdowns and repairs, and troubleshooting guides. Maintenance manuals shall include piping
and equipment layout and simplified wiring and control diagrams of the system as installed.
Manuals shall be provided prior to the field training course.
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Procedures and welders shall be qualified in accordance with the code under which the welding is specified to
be accomplished.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Protect all equipment delivered and placed in storage from the weather, excessive humidity and excessive temperature
variation; and dirt, dust, or other contaminants.
1.5 EXTRA MATERIALS
Submit spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified, after approval of the related
submittals and not later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy. Include in the data
a complete list of parts and supplies, with current unit prices and source of supply.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
NOTE: This guide specification covers low temperature forced hot water heating
systems using water temperatures of 99 degrees C (210 degrees F) and less, at
a working pressure of 207 kPa (30 psig) using a steam or high temperature water
heat exchanger. A steam supply pressure of approximately 689 kPa (100 psig)
and a high water temperature of 177 to 232 degrees C (350 to 450 degrees F)
were used in preparation of this specification. The high temperature water
portion of this specification may be used for medium water temperature system
of 121 to 177 degrees C (250 to 350 degrees F) if the tests and class of valves,
fittings, and piping are adjusted for the temperature and pressure required,
but not less than 68 kg (150 pound) class system. The designer should consider
all pressure reductions such as pump suction and system cool-down effects and
should not consider any pressure increases such as pump discharge heads and
system heat-up effects when determining the high or medium temperature water
system pressurization required to prevent flash steaming and water hammer.
In order to comply with Executive Order 13423 and Public Law 109-58 (Energy
Policy Act of 2005), designs must achieve energy consumption levels that are
at least 30 percent below the level required by the 2004 publication of ASHRAE
90.1. In accordance with P.L. 109-58 (Energy Policy Act of 2005), Executive
Order 13423, and Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Section 23.203 energy
consuming products and systems shall meet or exceed the performance criteria
for ENERGY STAR®-qualified or FEMP-designated products as long as these requirements
are nonproprietary. The FEMP and ENERGY STAR product requirements are available
on the web at www.eere.energy.gov/femp/procurement and www.energystar.gov/products
. Where ENERGY STAR or FEMP products are not applicable, energy consuming products
and systems shall meet or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1.
2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
2.1.1 Standard Products
Provide materials and equipment which are the standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture
of such products and that essentially duplicate items that have been in satisfactory use for at least 2 years
prior to bid opening. Equipment shall be supported by a service organization that is, in the opinion of the
Contracting Officer, reasonably convenient to the site.
2.1.2 Nameplates
Place a plate on each major item of equipment having the manufacturer's name, address, type or style, model or
serial number, and catalog number secured to the item of equipment.
2.1.3 Equipment Guards and Access
Fully enclose or guard belts, pulleys, chains, gears, couplings, projecting setscrews, keys, and other rotating
parts exposed to personnel contact in accordance with OSHA requirements. High temperature equipment and piping
exposed to contact by personnel or where it creates a potential fire hazard shall be properly guarded or covered
with insulation of a type specified. [Catwalks, operating platforms, ladders, and guardrails shall be provided
where shown and shall be constructed in accordance with Section [05 50 13 MISCELLANEOUS METAL FABRICATIONS][
05 51 33 METAL LADDERS].]
2.1.4 Asbestos Prohibition
Asbestos and asbestos-containing products will not be accepted.
2.1.5 Electrical Work
Electrical motor driven equipment specified shall be provided complete with motors, motor starters, and controls.
Electric equipment (including motor efficiencies), and wiring shall be in accordance with Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Integral size motors shall be the premium efficiency type in accordance with NEMA MG 1.
Electrical characteristics shall be as specified or indicated. Motor starters shall be provided complete with
thermal overload protection and other appurtenances necessary for the motor control specified. Each motor shall
be of sufficient size to drive the equipment at the specified capacity without exceeding the nameplate rating
of the motor. Manual or automatic control and protective or signal devices required for the operation specified,
and any control wiring, conduit, and connection to power required for controls and devices but not shown shall
be provided.
2.2 PIPING, TUBING, AND FITTINGS
NOTE: Copper tubing and steel pipe will be considered as competitive unless
one is not applicable for service.
2.2.1 General
Piping, tubing, and fittings shall be as follows:
a. Low temperature water piping shall be black steel or copper tubing with cast iron, malleable iron
or steel, solder-joint, flared-tube or grooved mechanical joint fittings.
b. Steam pipe shall be black steel with malleable iron or steel fittings.
c. Condensate return piping shall be black steel Schedule 80 with cast iron or malleable iron, Class
250 minimum.
d. High temperature water piping shall be black steel, Schedule 40.
e. Vent piping shall be black steel, Schedule 40, with black malleable iron fittings.
2.2.2 Steel Pipe
Pipe shall conform to ASTM A 53/A 53M or ASTM A 106/A 106M, Grade A or B, black steel, Schedule 40, unless otherwise
specified. Steel pipe to be bent shall be ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade A, standard, or Grade B, extra strong weight.
Steam pipe shall be ASTM A 53/A 53M Grade A.
2.2.3 High Temperature Water Piping
Piping shall be Type S for 40 mm 1-1/2 inches and smaller, Type S or Type E for pipe 50 mm 2 inches and larger,
schedule 40 steel conforming to ASTM A 53/A 53M, Grade B; or to ASTM A 106/A 106M, Grade B.
2.2.4 Gauge Piping
Piping shall be copper tubing for [steam] [and] [low temperature water]. [Black steel, ASTM A 106/A 106M, seamless,
Grade A pipe shall be used for high temperature.]
2.2.5 Copper Tubing
Tubing shall conform to ASTM B 88, ASTM B 88M, Type K or L. Tubing for compressed air tubing shall conform to
ASTM B 251M ASTM B 251.
2.2.6 High Temperature Water Fittings
Fittings shall be steel welding fittings conforming in physical and chemical properties to ASTM A 234/A 234M.
Buttwelding fittings shall conform to ASME B16.9. Socket welded fittings shall conform to ASME B16.1. Screwed
fittings, when required, shall be black forged steel, 2000-pound class, conforming to ASME B16.11. Flanges shall
be serrated or raised-faced type.
2.2.7 Malleable Iron Pipe Fittings
Fittings shall conform to ASME B16.3, type required to match adjacent piping.
2.2.8 Cast Iron Pipe Fittings
Fittings shall conform to ASME B16.1 or ASME B16.4 type required to match adjacent piping.
2.2.9 Steel Pipe Fittings
Fittings shall have the manufacturer's trademark affixed in accordance with MSS SP-25 so as to permanently identify
the manufacturer.
2.2.9.1 Welded Fittings
Welded fittings shall conform to ASTM A 234/A 234M with WPA marking. Butt welded fittings shall conform to ASME B16.9
, and socket welded fittings shall conform to ASME B16.11.
2.2.9.2 Grooved Mechanical Fittings
Standard fittings shall be of malleable iron conforming to ASTM A 47/A 47M, Grade 32510, or ductile iron conforming
to ASTM A 536, Grade 65-45-12. Fittings may also be constructed of steel, conforming to ASTM A 106/A 106M, Grade
B or ASTM A 53/A 53M.
2.2.9.3 Grooved Mechanical Pipe Joints
NOTE: Gasket material must be specified: EPDM for temperatures to 110 degrees
C (230 degrees F); Buna-N for temperatures to 82 degrees C (180 degrees F).
Review manufacturer's data for other requirements and limits. Do not use for
steam.
Pipe joints shall conform to AWWA C606. Grooved mechanical joint fittings shall be full flow factory manufactured
forged steel fittings. Fittings, couplings, gaskets, and pipe grooving tool or grooved end pipe shall be products
of the same manufacturer. Mechanical pipe couplings shall be of the bolted type and shall consist of a housing
fabricated in two or more parts, a synthetic rubber gasket, and nuts and bolts to secure unit together. Housings
shall be of malleable iron conforming to ASTM A 47/A 47M, Grade 32510 or ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 536
, Grade 65-45-12. Coupling nuts and bolts shall be of steel and conform to ASTM A 183. Gaskets shall be of
molded synthetic rubber, Type [EPDM] [Buna-N] with central cavity, pressure responsive configuration and shall
conform to ASTM D 2000.
2.2.10 Joints and Fittings for Copper Tubing
Wrought copper and bronze fittings shall conform to ASME B16.22 and ASTM B 75M ASTM B 75. Cast copper alloy
fittings shall conform to ASME B16.18 and ASTM B 828. Flared fittings shall conform to ASME B16.26 and ASTM B 62
. Adaptors may be used for connecting tubing to flanges and threaded ends of valves and equipment. Extracted
brazed tee joints produced with an acceptable tool and installed as recommended by the manufacturer may be used.
Cast bronze threaded fittings shall conform to ASME B16.15. Grooved mechanical joints and fittings shall be
designed for not less than 862 kPa 125 psig service and shall be the product of the same manufacturer. Grooved
fitting and mechanical coupling housing shall be ductile iron conforming to ASTM A 536. Gaskets for use in grooved
joints shall be molded synthetic polymer of pressure responsive design and shall conform to ASTM D 2000 for circulating
medium up to 110 degrees C 230 degrees F. Grooved joints shall conform to AWWA C606. Coupling nuts and and
bolts for use in grooved joints shall be steel and shall conform to ASTM A 183.
2.2.11 Steel Flanges
Flanged fittings including flanges, bolts, nuts, bolt patterns., etc. shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5
class 150 and shall have the manufacturers trademark affixed in accordance with MSS SP-25. Flange material shall
conform to ASTM A 105/A 105M. Flanges for high temperature water systems shall be serrated or raised-face type.
Blind flange material shall conform to ASTM A 516/A 516M cold service and ASTM A 515/A 515M for hot service.
Bolts shall be high strength or intermediate strength with material conforming to ASTM A 193/A 193M.
2.2.12 Pipe Threads
Pipe threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1.
2.2.13 Nipples
Nipples shall conform to ASTM A 733 or ASTM B 687, standard weight.
2.2.14 Unions
Unions shall conform to ASME B16.39, type to match adjacent piping.
2.2.15 Adapters
Adapters for copper tubing shall be brass or bronze for soldered fittings.
2.2.16 Dielectric Waterways
Dielectric waterways shall conform to the tensile strength and dimensional requirements specified in ASME B16.39
. Waterways shall have metal connections on both ends to match adjacent piping. Metal parts of dielectric waterways
shall be separated so that the electrical current is below 1 percent of the galvanic current which would exist
upon metal-to-metal contact. Dielectric waterways shall have temperature and pressure rating equal to or greater
than that specified for the connecting piping. Dielectric waterways shall be internally lined with an insulator
specifically designed to prevent current flow between dissimilar metals. Dielectric flanges shall meet the performance
requirements described herein for dielectric waterways.
2.2.17 Grooved Mechanical Joints
Rigid grooved pipe joints may be provided in lieu of unions, welded, flanges or screwed piping connections at
chilled water pumps and allied equipment, and on aboveground pipelines in serviceable locations, if the temperature
of the circulating medium does not exceed 110 degrees C 230 degrees F. Flexible grooved joints will not be permitted,
except as vibration isolators adjacent to mechanical equipment. Rigid grooved joints shall incorporate an angle
bolt pad design which maintains metal-to-metal contact with equal amount of pad offset of housings upon installation
to insure positive rigid clamping of the pipe. Designs which can only clamp on the bottom of the groove or which
utilize gripping teeth or jaws, or which use misaligned housing bolt holes, or which require a torque wrench
or torque specifications, will not be permitted. Rigid grooved pipe couplings shall be used with grooved end
pipes, fittings, valves and strainers. Rigid couplings shall be designed for not less than 862 kPa 125 psi service
and appropriate for static head plus the pumping head, and shall provide a water-tight joint. Grooved fittings
and couplings, and grooving tools shall be provided from the same manufacturer. Segmentally welded elbows shall
not be used. Grooves shall be prepared in accordance with the coupling manufacturer's latest published standards.
Grooving shall be performed by qualified grooving operators having demonstrated proper grooving procedures in
accordance with the tool manufacturer's recommendations. The Contracting Officer shall be notified 24 hours
in advance of test to demonstrate operator's capability, and the test shall be performed at the work site, if
practical, or at a site agreed upon. The operator shall demonstrate the ability to properly adjust the grooving
tool, groove the pipe, and verify the groove dimensions in accordance with the coupling manufacturer's specifications.
2.2.18 Flexible Pipe Connectors
Flexible pipe connectors shall be designed for 1.034 MPa 125 psi or 1.034 MPa 150 psi service as appropriate
for the static head plus the system head, and 121 degrees C 250 degrees F. Connectors shall be installed where
indicated. The flexible section shall be constructed of rubber, tetrafluoroethylene resin, or corrosion-resisting
steel, bronze, monel, or galvanized steel. Materials used and the configuration shall be suitable for the pressure,
vacuum, temperature, and circulating medium. The flexible section may have threaded, welded, soldered, flanged,
grooved, or socket ends. Flanged assemblies shall be equipped with limit bolts to restrict maximum travel to
the manufacturer's standard limits. Unless otherwise indicated, the length of the flexible connectors shall
be as recommended by the manufacturer for the service intended. Internal sleeves or liners, compatible with
circulating medium, shall be provided when recommended by the manufacturer. Covers to protect the bellows shall
be provided where indicated.
2.3 MATERIALS AND ACCESSORIES
2.3.1 Iron and Steel Sheets
2.3.1.1 Galvanized Iron and Steel
Galvanized iron and steel shall conform to ASTM A 653/A 653M, with general requirements conforming to ASTM A 653/A 653M
. Gauge numbers specified are Manufacturer's Standard Gauge.
2.3.1.2 Uncoated (Black) Steel
Uncoated (black) steel shall conform to [_____], composition, condition, and finish best suited to the intended
use. Gauge numbers specified refer to Manufacturer's Standard Gauge.
2.3.2 Solder
Solder shall conform to ASTM B 32. Solder and flux shall be lead free. Solder flux shall be liquid or paste
form, non-corrosive and conform to ASTM B 813.
2.3.3 Solder, Silver
Silver solder shall conform to AWS A5.8/A5.8M.
2.3.4 Thermometers
Mercury shall not be used in thermometers. Thermometers shall have brass, malleable iron, or aluminum alloy
case and frame, clear protective face, permanently stabilized glass tube with indicating-fluid column, white
face, black numbers, and a 225 mm 9 inch scale, and thermometers shall have rigid stems with straight, angular,
or inclined pattern.
2.3.5 Gauges
Gauges shall conform to ASME B40.100.
2.3.6 Gaskets for Flanges
Composition gaskets shall conform to ASME B16.21. Gaskets shall be nonasbestos compressed material in accordance
with ASME B16.21, 1.6 mm 1/16 inch thickness, full face or self-centering flat ring type. Gaskets shall contain
aramid fibers bonded with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR binder shall
be used for hydrocarbon service. Gaskets shall be suitable for pressure and temperatures of piping system.
2.3.7 Polyethylene Tubing
Low-density virgin polyethylene shall conform to ASTM D 1248, Type I, Category 5, Class B or C.
2.3.8 Bellows-Type Joints
NOTE: Select bellows-type or slip-type to satisfy specific design conditions.
Joints shall be flexible, guided expansion joints. Expansion element shall be of stainless steel. Bellows-type
expansion joints shall be in accordance with the applicable requirements of EJMA Stds and ASME B31.1 with internal
liners.
2.3.9 Expansion Joints
Expansion joints shall provide for either single or double slip of connected pipes, as required or indicated,
and for not less than the traverse indicated. Joints shall be designed for hot water working pressure not less
than [_____] kPa psig and shall be in accordance with applicable requirements of EJMA Stds and ASME B31.1. Joints
shall be designed for packing injection under full line pressure. End connections shall be flanged or beveled
for welding as indicated. Joints shall be provided with anchor base where required or indicated. Where adjoining
pipe is carbon steel, the sliding slip shall be seamless steel plated with a minimum of 0 0508 mm 2 mils of hard
chrome conforming to ASTM B 650. Joint components shall be fabricated from material equivalent to that of the
pipeline. Initial settings shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations to compensate for
ambient temperature at time of installation. Pipe alignment guides shall be installed as recommended by joint
manufacturer, but in any case shall not be more than 1.5 m 5 feet from expansion joint except for lines 100 mm
4 inches or smaller, guides shall be installed not more than 600 mm 2 feet from the joint. Service outlets
shall be provided where indicated.
2.3.10 Flexible Ball Joints
Flexible ball joints shall be constructed of alloys as appropriate for the service intended. Where so indicated,
the ball joint shall be designed for packing injection under full line pressure to contain leakage. Joint ends
shall be threaded (to 50.8 mm 2 inches only), grooved, flanged or beveled for welding as indicated or required
and shall be capable of absorbing a minimum of 15-degree angular flex and 360-degree rotation. Balls and sockets
shall be of equivalent material as the adjoining pipeline. Exterior spherical surface of carbon steel balls
shall be plated with 0.0508 mm 2 mils of hard chrome conforming to ASTM B 650. Ball type joints shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.1 and ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1, where applicable. Flanges where required
shall conform to ASME B16.5. Gaskets and compression seals shall be compatible with the service intended.
2.3.11 Pipe Hangers, Inserts, and Supports
Pipe hangers, inserts, and supports shall conform to MSS SP-58 and MSS SP-69.
2.4 VALVES FOR LOW TEMPERATURE WATER HEATING AND STEAM SYSTEMS
NOTE: Valves apply to low temperature water heating or low pressure steam systems.
Delete for high or medium temperature water systems.
2.4.1 Check Valves
NOTE: Indicate the type of valves, vertical lift or horizontal, on the drawings.
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 3 or 4, Class 125. Sizes 80 mm 3
inches through 300 mm 24 inches, cast iron shall conform to MSS SP-71, Type III or IV, Class 125.
2.4.2 Globe Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1, 2 or 3, Class 125. Sizes 80 mm
3 inches through 300 mm 12 inches, cast iron shall conform to MSS SP-85, Type III, Class 125.
2.4.3 Angle Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1, 2 or 3, Class 125. Sizes 80 mm
3 inches through 300 mm 12 inches, cast iron shall conform to MSS SP-85, Type III, Class 125.
2.4.4 Gate Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1 or 2, Class 125. Sizes 80 mm 3
inches through 1200 mm 48 inches, cast iron shall conform to MSS SP-70, Type I, Class 125, Design OT or OF (OS&Y),
bronze trim.
2.4.5 Air Vents
NOTE: Air vent locations will be indicated on drawings; distinguish between
manual vents and automatic air vents.
Air vents shall be provided at all piping high points in water systems, with block valve in inlet and internal
check valve to allow air vent to be isolated for cleaning and inspection. Outlet connection shall be piped to
nearest open site or suitable drain, or terminated 300 mm 12 inches above finished grade. Pressure rating of
air vent shall match pressure rating of piping system. Body and cover shall be cast iron or semi-steel with
stainless steel or copper float and stainless steel or bronze internal parts. Air vents installed in piping
in chase walls or other inaccessible places shall be provided with an access panel.
2.4.6 Balancing Valves
Balancing valves shall have meter connections with positive shutoff valves. An integral pointer shall register
degree of valve opening. Valves shall be calibrated so that flow in L/minute gpm can be determined when valve
opening in degrees and pressure differential across valve is known. Each balancing valve shall be constructed
with internal seals to prevent leakage and shall be supplied with preformed insulation. Valves shall be suitable
for 121 degrees C 250 degrees F temperature and working pressure of the pipe in which installed. Valve bodies
shall be provided with tapped openings and pipe extensions with shutoff valves outside of pipe insulation. The
pipe extensions shall be provided with quick connecting hose fittings for a portable meter to measure the pressure
differential. One portable differential meter shall be furnished. The meter suitable for the operating pressure
specified shall be complete with hoses, vent, and shutoff valves and carrying case. In lieu of the balancing
valve with integral metering connections, a ball valve or plug valve with a separately installed orifice plate
or venturi tube may be used for balancing. Plug valves and ball valves 200 mm 8 inches or larger shall be provided
with manual gear operators with position indicators.
2.4.7 Automatic Flow Control Valves
NOTE: In any facility where technological and occupancy requirements indicate
that load imbalances cannot be tolerated and there is a need for automatic control
ensuring constant hydronic flow, the design will incorporate automatic flow
control valves indicating there location and capacity on the drawings.
The valves shall be designed to be sensitive to pressure differential across the valve to provide the required
opening. The valves shall be selected for the flow required and provided with a permanent nameplate or tag carrying
a record of the factory-determined flow rate and flow control pressure levels. Valves shall control the flow
within 5 percent of the tag rating. Valves shall be suitable for the maximum operating pressure of 862 kPa 125
psi or 150 percent of the system operating pressure, whichever is greater. [Where the available system pressure
is not adequate to provide the minimum pressure differential that still allows flow control, the system pump
head shall be increased.] Valves shall be suitable for the maximum system operating temperature and pressure.
Valve materials shall be same as specified for low temperature heating system check, globe, angle and gate valves.
Valve operator shall be the electric motor type or pneumatic type as applicable. Valve operator shall be capable
of positive shutoff against the system pump head.
2.4.8 Gravity Flow Control Valves
Ends shall be soldered, threaded, or flanged type as applicable, and designed for easy cleaning without disconnecting
piping. Valves for copper tubing shall be bronze. Valves shall prevent flow due to gravity when circulators
are off.
2.4.9 Radiator Valves
Automatic thermostatic radiator valves shall be self-contained [direct sensor] [remote sensor] [wall thermostat]
controlled nonelectric temperature control valves. Valve bodies shall be constructed of chrome plated brass
and shall be angle or straight pattern as indicated, with threaded or brazed end connections. Valve disc shall
be of ethylene propylene or composition material. Thermostatic operators shall be a modulating type consisting
of a sensing unit counter balanced by a spring setting.
2.5 VALVES FOR HIGH AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURE WATER SYSTEMS
NOTE: Valves apply to high and medium temperature water systems and high pressure
steam systems. Delete for low temperature water heating systems or low pressure
steam systems.
2.5.1 Check Valves
NOTE: Indicate the type of valves, vertical lift or horizontal, on the drawings.
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Class 300 Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and
less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Class 300 minimum. Sizes 80 mm 3 inches through 600 mm 24 inches, steel
shall conform to ASME B16.34, Class 300 minimum, flanged ends, swing disc; water, oil gas or steam service to
454 degrees C 850 degrees F.
2.5.2 Globe Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1, 2 or 3, Class 300 minimum. Sizes
80 mm 3 inches through 600 mm 24 inches, steel shall conform to ASME B16.34, Class 300 minimum, flanged ends;
water, oil, gas, or steam service to 454 degrees C 850 degrees F.
2.5.3 Angle Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1, 2 or 3, Class 300 minimum. Sizes
80 mm 3 inches through 600 mm 24 inches, steel shall conform to ASME B16.34, Class 300 minimum, flanged ends;
water, oil, gas, or steam service to 454 degrees C 850 degrees F.
2.5.4 Gate Valves
Sizes 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and less, bronze shall conform to MSS SP-80, Type 1, or 2, Class 300 minimum. Sizes
80 mm 3 inches through 600 mm 24 inches, steel shall conform to ASME B16.34, Class 300 minimum, flanged ends;
water, oil, gas or steam service to 454 degrees C 850 degrees F. Gate shall be split wedge (double disc) type.
2.6 COLD WATER CONNECTIONS
Connections shall be provided which include consecutively in line a strainer, backflow prevention device, and
water pressure regulator. The backflow prevention device shall be provided as indicated and in compliance with
Section 22 00 00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE.
2.6.1 Strainers
Basket or Y-type strainers shall be the same size as the pipelines in which they are installed. Strainer bodies
shall be rated for [0.862] [1.72] MPa [125] [250] pound service, with bottoms drilled and plugged. Bodies shall
have arrows cast on the sides to indicate the direction of flow. Each strainer shall be equipped with a removable
cover and sediment basket. Basket shall not be less than 0.795 mm (22 gauge) 22 gauge and shall have perforations
to provide a net free area through the basket of at least four times that of the entering pipe.
2.6.2 Pressure Regulating Valve
Valve shall be a type that will not stick nor allow pressure to build up on the low side. Valve shall be set
to maintain a terminal pressure approximately 35 kPa 5 psi in excess of the static head on the system and shall
operate within a 138 kPa 20 psi variation regardless of initial pressure and without objectionable noise under
any condition of operation.
2.7 FLASH TANK
Tank shall be sized and installed as indicated, and shall be of welded construction utilizing black steel sheets
not less than 3.175 mm (11 gauge) 11 gauge. Tank shall be provided with a handhole and with tapping for the
condensate returns, drip lines, vent line, and condensate discharge line to the condensate receiver. Discharge
line shall be equipped with a float trap. Tank shall be ASME rated for [_____] kPa psig in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1
.
2.8 EXPANSION TANK
Pressurization system shall include a replaceable diaphragm-type captive air expansion tank which will accommodate
the expanded water of the system generated within the normal operating temperature range, limiting this pressure
increase at all components in the system to the maximum allowable pressure at those components. The only air
in the system shall be the permanent sealed-in air cushion contained in the diaphragm-type tank. Sizes shall
be as indicated. Expansion tank shall be welded steel, constructed, tested and stamped in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1
for a working pressure of [862] [_____] kPa [125] [_____] psig and precharged to the minimum operating pressure.
Tank air chamber shall be fitted with an air charging valve. Tank shall be supported by steel legs or bases
for vertical installation or steel saddles for horizontal installations.
2.9 AIR SEPARATOR TANK
External air separation tank shall be steel, constructed, tested, and stamped in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1
for a working pressure of [862] [_____] kPa [125] [_____] psi. The capacity of the air separation tank indicated
is minimum.
2.10 STEAM TRAPS
NOTE: Applicable to steam systems only. A schedule of steam trap selection
will be located on drawings showing trap orifice size, capacity (kg/hr ( #/hr)),
and pressure drop (kPa (psi)), for each trap required. Delete steam traps not
required.
2.10.1 Float Traps
Capacity, working pressure, and differential pressure of the traps shall be as indicated.
2.10.2 Float-and-Thermostatic Traps
Traps shall be designed for a steam working pressure of approximately 103 kPa 15 psig, but shall operate with
a supply pressure of approximately 35 kPa 5 psig. The capacity of the traps shall be as indicated. Trap capacity
shall be based on a pressure differential of 2 kPa 1/4 psi. Each float-and-thermostatic trap shall be provided
with a hard bronze, monel, or stainless steel valve seat and mechanism and brass float, all of which can be removed
easily for inspection or replacement without disturbing the piping connections. Inlet to each trap shall have
a cast iron strainer, either an integral part of the trap or a separate item of equipment.
2.10.3 Bucket Traps
Traps shall be inverted or vertical bucket type with automatic air discharge. Traps shall be designed for a
working pressure of 1034 kPa 150 psig, but shall operate under a steam supply pressure of approximately 276 to
690 kPa 40 to 100 psig as required. Each trap shall have a heavy body and cap of fine-grained, gray cast iron.
The bucket shall be made of brass; the mechanism of hard bronze; the valve and seat of stainless or monel; or
each of equivalent material. Traps shall be tested hydrostatically under a pressure of 1.38 MPa 200 psig. Traps
shall have capacities as indicated when operating under the specified working conditions. A strainer shall be
installed in the suction connection of each trap. Impact operated traps, impulse-operated traps, or thermodynamic
traps with continuous discharge may be installed in lieu of bucket traps, subject to approval. Thermostatic
traps designed for a steam working pressure suitable for the application may be furnished in lieu of the traps
specified above. Thermostatic traps shall be equipped with valves and seats of stainless steel or monel metal,
and shall have capacities based on a pressure differential not in excess of the following:
Steam Working Pressure, kPa (psi) Differential, kPa (psi)
172 - 345 (25-50) 138 (20)
621 - 689 (90-100) 552 (80)
Steam Working Pressure, psi Differential, psi
25-50 20
90-100 80
2.11 HEAT EXCHANGERS
NOTE: The following information applicable to the project will be indicated
on the drawings:
a. Capacity of heat exchanger in liters per minute (gpm).
b. Supply and return temperatures of low temperature water in degrees C (degrees
F).
c. Supply and return temperatures of high or medium temperature water in degrees
C (degrees F).
d. Steam pressure in kPa (psig).
e. Pressure drops in mm (feet) of water or kPa (psig).
f. Fouling allowances for steam or high temperature water and for low temperature
water will be determined by the system designer. Recommended allowances are
listed in the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) Standards.
Insert system fouling allowance in blank space.
Heat exchangers shall be multiple pass shell and U-tube type or plate and frame type as indicated, to provide
low temperature hot water for the heating system when supplied with [steam] [or] [high temperature hot water]
[or] [medium temperature hot water] at the temperatures and pressures indicated. Temperature and pressure for
plate and frame exchangers shall not exceed 138 degrees C 280 degrees F and 1.93 MPa 280 psig for medium temperature
hot water, or 138 degrees C 280 degrees F and 241 kPa 35 psig for steam. Temperature and pressure for shell
and U-tube exchangers shall not exceed 170 degrees C 338 degrees F and 689 kPa 100 psig for steam or 221 degrees
C 430 degrees F and 2.76 MPa 400 psig for high temperature hot water. Exchangers shall be constructed in accordance
with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1 and certified with ASME stamp secured to unit. U-tube bundles shall be completely
removable for cleaning and tube replacement and shall be free to expand with shell. Shells shall be of seamless
steel pipe or welded steel construction and tubes shall be seamless tubing as specified below unless otherwise
indicated. Tube connections to plates shall be leakproof. Saddles or cradles shall be provided to mount shell
and U-tube exchangers. Frames of plate and frame type exchangers shall be fabricated of carbon steel and finished
with baked epoxy enamel. Design fouling factor shall be [_____].
2.11.1 Steam Heat Exchangers, Shell and U-Tube Type
Exchangers shall operate with steam in shell and low temperature water in tubes. Shell and tube sides shall
be designed for 1.03 MPa 150 psig working pressure and factory tested at 2.02 MPa 300 psig. Steam, water, condensate,
and vacuum and pressure relief valve connections shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer's standard
practice. Connections larger than 80 mm 3 inches shall be ASME 1.03 MPa 150 pound flanged. Water pressure loss
through clean tubes shall not exceed 41 kPa 6 psi and water velocity shall not exceed 1.8 m/second 6 fps unless
otherwise indicated. Minimum water velocity in tubes shall be not less than 300 mm/second 1 fps and assure turbulent
flow. Tubes shall be seamless copper or copper alloy, constructed in accordance with ASTM B 75M ASTM B 75 or
ASTM B 395/B 395M, suitable for the temperatures and pressures specified. Tubes shall be not less than 19 mm
3/4 inch unless otherwise indicated. Maximum steam inlet nozzle velocity shall not exceed 30.5 m/second 6000
fpm.
2.11.2 High Temperature Water Heat Exchangers, Shell and U-tube Type
Exchangers shall operate with low temperature water in shell and high temperature water in tubes. Shell side
shall be designed for 1.03 MPa 150 psig working pressure and factory tested at 2.07 MPa 300 psig. Tubes shall
be designed for 2.76 MPa 400 psig working pressure and an operating temperature of 232 degrees C 450 degrees
F. High and low temperature water and pressure relief connections shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer's
standard practice. Water connections larger than 80 mm 3 inches shall be ASME 4.14 MPa 600 pound flanged for
high temperature water, and ASME 4.03 MPa 150 pound flanged for low temperature water. Water pressure loss through
clean tubes shall not exceed 41 kPa 6 psig unless otherwise indicated. Minimum water velocity in tubes shall
be 300 mm/second 1 fps and assure turbulent flow. Tubes shall be cupronickel or inhibited admiralty, constructed
in accordance with ASTM B 395/B 395M, suitable for the temperatures and pressures specified. Tubes shall be
not less than 19 mm 3/4 inch unless otherwise indicated.
2.11.3 Steam Heat Exchangers, Plate and Frame Type
Plates, frames and gaskets shall be designed for a working pressure of 2.07 MPa 300 psig and factory tested at
3.10 MPa 450 psig. Steam, low temperature water, condensate, and vacuum and pressure relief valve connections
shall be located in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice. Connections larger than 80 mm 3 inches
shall be ASME 4.03 MPa 150 pound flanged. Water pressure drop through clean plates and headers shall not exceed
[_____] kPa psig at the flow rates and temperatures indicated. Plates shall be designed to assure turbulent
flow at a minimum rate of [_____] L/minute gpm through any 2 plate segment. Plates shall be corrugated [Type
304 stainless steel] [Type 316 stainless steel] [nickel-iron-chromium alloy conforming to ASTM B 424] [nickel-molybdenum
alloy conforming to ASTM B 333] [titanium alloy conforming to ASTM B 265]. Plate thickness shall be not less
than [_____] mm inch.
2.11.4 Medium Temperature Water Heat Exchangers, Plate and Frame Type
Plates, frames and gaskets shall be designed for a working pressure of 2.07 MPa 300 psig and factory tested at
31.0 MPa 450 psig. Medium temperature water, low temperature water, and pressure relief valve connections shall
be located in accordance with the manufacturer's standard practice. Connections larger than 80 mm 3 inches shall
be ASME 2.07 MPa 300 pound flanged. Water pressure drop through clean plates and headers shall not exceed [_____]
kPa psi at the flow rates and temperatures indicated. Plates shall be designed to assure turbulent flow at
a minimum rate of [_____] L/second gpm through any 2 plate segment. Plates shall be corrugated [Type 304 stainless
steel] [Type 316 stainless steel] [nickel-iron-chromium alloy conforming to ASTM B 424] [nickel-molybdenum alloy
conforming to ASTM B 333] [titanium alloy conforming to ASTM B 265]. Plate thickness shall be not less than
[_____] mm inch.
2.12 SYSTEM EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
2.12.1 Circulating Pumps
Pumps for hot water shall be of the single-stage centrifugal type, electrically driven. Pumps shall be supported
[on a concrete foundation] [or] [by the piping on which installed] [as indicated]. Pumps shall be either integrally
mounted with the motor or direct-connected by means of a flexible-shaft coupling on a cast iron, or steel sub-base.
Pump housing shall be of close grained cast iron. Shaft shall be carbon or alloy steel, turned and ground.
Shaft seal shall be mechanical-seal or stuffing-box type. Impeller, impeller wearing rings, glands, casing wear
rings, and shaft sleeve shall be bronze. Bearings shall be ball-, roller-, or oil-lubricated, bronze-sleeve
type, and shall be sealed or isolated to prevent loss of oil or entrance of dirt or water. Motor shall be of
a type approved by the manufacturer of the pump.
2.12.2 Condensate Pumping Unit
NOTE: Size condensate pumping rate for three times the expected condensate
flow. Size receiver for five times the expected condensate flow for expected
condensate flow up to 30 liters per minute (8 GPM). Size receiver two times
the expected condensate flow for expected condensate flow over 30 liters per
minute (8 GPM).
Pump shall have a minimum capacity, as indicated, of [_____] L/second gpm when discharging against the specified
pressure. The minimum capacity of the tank shall be [_____] liters gallons. Condensate pumping unit shall be
of the [single] [duplex], [horizontal-shaft] [vertical-shaft] type, as indicated. Unit shall consist of [one
pump] [two pumps], [one electric motor] [two electric motors] and a single receiver. Pumps shall be centrifugal
or turbine type, bronze-fitted throughout with impellers of bronze or other corrosion-resistant metal. Pumps
shall be free from air-binding when handling condensate with temperatures up to 93 degrees C 200 degrees F.
Pumps shall be connected directly to dripproof enclosed motors. Receiver shall be cast iron and shall be provided
with condensate return, vent, overflow, and pump suction connections, and water level indicator and automatic
air vent. Inlet strainer shall be provided in the inlet line to the tank. Vent pipe shall be galvanized steel,
and fittings shall be galvanized malleable iron. Vent pipe shall be installed as indicated or directed. Vent
piping shall be flashed as specified. Pump, motor, and receiving tank may be mounted on a single base with the
receiver piped to the pumps suctions. A gate valve and check valve shall be provided in the discharge connection
from each pump.
2.12.2.1 Controls
Enclosed float switches complete with float mechanisms shall be installed in the head of the receiver. The condensate
pump shall be controlled automatically by means of the [respective] float switch that will automatically start
the motor when the water in the receiving tank reaches the high level and stop the motor when the water reaches
the low level. Motors shall be provided with magnetic across-the-line starters equipped with general purpose
enclosure and Automatic-Manual-Off selector switch in the cover.
2.12.2.2 Factory Testing
TSubmit a certificate of compliance from the pump manufacturer covering the actual test of the unit and certifying
that the equipment complies with the indicated requirements.
2.12.3 Pressure Gauges and Thermometers
Gauges shall be provided for each heat exchanger and piping as indicated. A thermometer and pressure gauge shall
be provided on the high temperature water supply and return mains. Thermometers shall be separable socket type.
2.12.4 Vacuum Relief Valve
Vacuum relief valve shall be installed on the shell of each shell and U-tube steam heat exchanger and on the
factory supplied steam inlet nozzle of each plate and frame heat exchanger. On shutoff of steam supply and condensing
of steam, the vacuum relief valve shall automatically admit air to the heat exchanger.
2.12.5 Pressure Relief Valves
One or more pressure relief valves shall be provided for each heat exchanger in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1
. The aggregate relieving capacity of the relief valves shall be not less than that required by the above code.
Discharge from the valves shall be installed as indicated. Pressure relief valves for steam heat exchangers
shall be located on the low temperature water supply coming from near the heat exchanger as indicated. Relief
valves for high temperature water heat exchanger shall be installed on the heat exchanger shell.
2.12.6 Drains
NOTE: Drawings shall indicate low-point drains.
A drain connection with 19 mm 3/4 inch hose bib shall be installed at the lowest point in the low temperature
water return main near the heat exchanger. In addition, threaded drain connections with threaded cap or plug
shall be installed wherever required for thorough draining of the low temperature water system.
2.12.7 Strainers
NOTE: Select the correct piping and pipe fittings (steam or high-temperature
water) and delete the inapplicable system.
Basket or Y-type strainer-body connections shall be the same size as the pipe lines in which the connections
are installed. The bodies shall have arrows clearly cast on the sides to indicate the direction of flow. Each
strainer shall be equipped with an easily removable cover and sediment basket. The body or bottom opening shall
be equipped with nipple and gate valve for blowdown. The basket for steam systems shall be of not less than
0.635 mm 0.025 inch thick stainless steel, or monel with small perforations of sufficient number to provide a
net free area through the basket of at least 2.5 times that of the entering pipe. The flow shall be into the
basket and out through the perforations. [For high temperature water systems, only cast steel bodies shall be
used.] [The strainer bodies for steam systems shall be of cast steel or gray cast iron with bottoms drilled
and plugged.]
2.13 INSULATION
Shop and field applied insulation shall be as specified in Section 23 07 00 THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL
SYSTEMS.
2.14 FACTORY PAINTED EXPOSED SPACE HEATING EQUIPMENT
Radiator and convector enclosures shall be coated with the manufacturer's standard rust inhibiting primer for
painting in the field as specified in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS. All other exposed heating equipment
shall be painted at the factory with the manufacturer's standard primer and enamel finish.
2.15 RADIATORS AND CONVECTORS
NOTE: Drawings shall indicate the types, sizes, and capacities of radiators
and convectors. Show typical piping details on drawings for radiators and convectors.
The radiator and convector shall be the type and size indicated. The supply and return connections shall be
the same size. Cast iron radiators and nonferrous convectors shall be tested hydrostatically at the factory
and proved tight under a pressure of not less than [_____] kPa psig. A certified report of these tests shall
be furnished in accordance with paragraph SUBMITTALS.
2.15.1 Cast Iron Radiators
Cast iron radiators shall be gray cast iron, free from sandholes and other defects. The sections shall be connected
with malleable iron nipples not less than 2.286 mm 0.09 inch thick at any point. Cast iron radiators shall be
the legless type mounted on the walls by means of hangers as specified. Adjustable radiator hangers shall be
secured to the wall and shall hold the radiators near both ends, at both top and bottom, is such manner that
the radiators cannot be removed without the use of tools. Not less than two bolts shall be used to secure each
hanger to the wall. Necessary angles, bolts, bearing plates, toggles, radiator grips, and other parts required
for complete installation of the radiators shall be provided.
2.15.2 Extended-Surface, Steel, or Nonferrous Tube-Type Radiators
NOTE: The type of cover grille selected for fin-type radiators shall suit the
particular building involved.
Radiators shall consist of metal fins permanently bonded to steel or nonferrous pipe cores, with threaded or
sweat fittings at each end for connecting to external piping. Radiators shall have capacities not less than
those indicated, determined in accordance with HYI-005. Radiators shall be equipped with [expanded-metal cover
grilles fabricated from black steel sheets not less than 1.519 mm (16 gauge) 16 gauge, secured either directly
to the radiators or to independent brackets.] [solid-front, slotted horizontal-top cover grilles fabricated from
black steel sheets not less than 1.214 mm (18 gauge) 18 gauge, secured either directly to the radiators or to
independent brackets.] [solid-front, slotted sloping-top cover grilles fabricated from black steel sheets not
less than 1.519 mm (16 gauge) 16 gauge, independently secured to masonry with brackets.]
2.15.3 Convectors
Convectors shall be constructed of cast iron or of nonferrous alloys, and shall be installed where indicated.
Capacity of convectors shall be as indicated. Overall space requirements for convectors shall not be greater
than the space provided. Convectors shall be complete with heating elements and enclosing cabinets having bottom
recirculating opening, manual control damper and top supply grille. Convector cabinets shall be constructed
of black sheet steel not less than 0.912 mm (20 gauge) 20 gauge.
2.15.4 Radiators and Convectors Control
[The space temperature shall be maintained automatically by regulating water flow to the radiators and convectors
by the self contained, automatic thermostatic radiator control valves.] [Controls shall be provided as specified
in Section 23 09 23 DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL FOR HVAC AND OTHER LOCAL BUILDING SYSTEMS.]
2.16 UNIT HEATERS
NOTE: Indicate capacity of unit heaters and heating and ventilating units on
drawings. Show typical piping details on drawings for these units.
In critical areas where maximum noise level limits are required, the sentence
in brackets will be retained and the brackets deleted. The maximum acceptable
noise limits for these critical areas will be determined in NC level or dbA
and should be indicated on the drawings. The sentence in brackets will be deleted
for noncritical areas. Sound values will be selected by the designer based
on a study of the design goal. The ASHRAE Handbook, Fundamentals, shows the
range of sound pressure values for speech communications as being 50 dB for
fair, 44 dB for very good, and 38 dB for perfect speech intelligibility.
Heaters shall be as specified below, and shall have a heating capacity not in excess of 125 percent of the capacity
indicated. [Noise level of each unit heater for areas noted shall not exceed the criteria indicated.]
2.16.1 Propeller Fan Heaters
Heaters shall be designed for suspension and arranged for [horizontal] [vertical] discharge of air as indicated.
Casings shall be not less than 0.912 mm (20 gauge) 20 gauge black steel and finished with lacquer or enamel.
Suitable [stationary] [rotating air] deflectors shall be provided to assure proper air and heat penetration capacity
at floor level based on established design temperature. Suspension from heating pipes will not be permitted.
[Fans for vertical discharge type heaters shall operate at speeds not in excess of 1,200 rpm, except that units
with 84.4 MJ 80,000 Btu output capacity or less may operate at speeds up to 1,800 rpm.] [Horizontal discharge
type unit heaters shall have discharge or face velocities not in excess of the following]:
[Unit Capacity, Liters per Second Face Velocity, Meters per Second
Up to 472 (1000) 4.06 (800)
473 (1001) 4.57 (900)
1417 (3001) 5.08 (1,000)]
[Unit Capacity, cfm Face Velocity, fpm
Up to 1,000 800
1,001 to 3,000 900
3,001 and over 1,000]
2.16.2 Centrifugal Fan Heaters
Heaters shall be arranged for floor or ceiling mounting as indicated. Heating elements and fans shall be housed
in steel cabinets of sectionalized steel plates or reinforced with angle-iron frames. Cabinets shall be constructed
of not lighter than 1.27 mm (18 gauge) 18 gauge black steel. Each unit heater shall be provided with a means
of diffusing and distributing the air. Fans shall be mounted on a common shaft, with one fan to each air outlet.
Fan shaft shall be equipped with self-aligning ball, roller, or sleeve bearings and accessible means of lubrication.
Fan shaft may be either directly connected to the driving motor or indirectly connected by adjustable V-belt
drive rated at 150 percent of motor capacity. All fans in any one unit heater shall be the same size.
2.16.3 Heating Elements
NOTE: For project designs requiring air-supply and distribution systems, consider
using the optional choice of referencing Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION,
VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEM for the equipment in this paragraph.
[Heating coils and radiating fins shall be of suitable nonferrous alloy with [threaded] [brazed] fittings at
each end for connecting to external piping. The heating elements shall be free to expand or contract without
developing leaks and shall be properly pitched for drainage. The elements shall be tested under a hydrostatic
pressure of 1.38 MPa 200 psig and a certified report of the test shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer.]
[Heating coils shall be as specified in Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION, AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
for types indicated.] Coils shall be suitable for use with water up to 121 degrees C 250 degrees F.
2.16.4 Motors
Motors shall be provided with NEMA 250 general purpose enclosure. Motors and motor controls shall otherwise
be as specified in Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
2.16.5 Motor Switches
Motors shall be provided with manual selection switches with "Off," and "Automatic" positions and shall be equipped
with thermal overload protection.
2.16.6 Controls
Controls shall be provided as specified in 23 09 23 DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL FOR HVAC AND OTHER LOCAL BUILDING
SYSTEMS.
2.17 HEATING AND VENTILATING UNITS
Heating and ventilating units shall be as specified in Section 23 00 00 AIR SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, VENTILATION,
AND EXHAUST SYSTEM.
2.18 WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
NOTE: Typically, large amounts of makeup water will not be required for new
closed loop heating systems. However, if a large amount of makeup water is
anticipated, an automatic chemical feed system should be used in lieu of a shot
feeder. The automatic system can be found in Section 23 52 00 HEATING BOILERS.
The water treatment system shall be capable of [manually] [automatically] feeding chemicals into the heating
system to prevent corrosion and scale within the heat exchanger and piping system. All water treatment equipment
and chemicals shall be furnished and installed by a water treatment company regularly engaged in the installation
of water treatment equipment and the provision of water treatment chemicals based upon water condition analyses.
The water treatment company shall provide a water sample analysis taken from the building site, each month for
one year.
2.18.1 Chemical Shot Feeder
A shot feeder shall be provided as indicated. Size and capacity of feeder shall be based upon local requirements
and water analysis. The feeder shall be furnished with an air vent, gauge glass, funnel, valves, fittings, and
piping. All materials of construction shall be compatible with the chemicals being used.
2.18.2 Make Up Water Analysis
NOTE: A water analysis may be available from the user. If an analysis is not
available, an analysis will be performed during the design, and appropriate
data will be entered.
The make up water conditions reported as prescribed in ASTM D 596 are as follows:
Date of Sample [_____]
Temperature [_____] degrees [F] [C]
Silica (SiO2) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Insoluble [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Iron and Aluminum Oxides [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Calcium (Ca) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Magnesium (Mg) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Sodium and Potassium (Na and K) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Carbonate (HCO3) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Sulfate (SO4) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Chloride (C1) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Nitrate (NO3) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Turbidity [_____] unit
pH [_____]
Residual Chlorine [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Total Alkalinity [_____] ppm (meq/1)
Noncarbonate Hardness [_____] epm (meq/1)
Total Hardness [_____] epm (meq/1)
Dissolved Solids [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Fluorine [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Conductivity [_____] microsiemens/cm
2.18.3 Chemicals
The chemical company shall provide pretreatment chemicals that will remove and permit flushing of mill scale,
oil, grease, and other foreign matter from the water heating system. The chemical company shall also provide
all treatment chemicals required for the initial fill of the system and for a period of one year of operation.
The chemical company shall determine the correct chemicals and concentrations required for the water treatment.
The chemicals shall not be proprietary and shall meet required federal, state, and local environmental regulations
for the treatment of heating water systems and discharge to the sanitary sewer. The chemicals shall remain stable
throughout the operating temperature range of the system, and shall be compatible with pump seals and other elements
of the system.
2.18.4 Glycol Solutions
NOTE: If freeze protection is not required, this paragraph should be deleted.
When a glycol system is used, the size of the HVAC systems should be corrected
due to changes in specific heat and viscosity. ASHRAE's "HVAC Systems and Equipment
Handbook" should be consulted for the appropriate calculation procedures. Ethylene
glycol should be used for HVAC systems. However, if the heat transfer media
has the possibility of mixing with a potable water system, propylene glycol
should be used. The required concentration should be entered based upon the
anticipated ambient temperature.
A [_____] percent concentration by volume of industrial grade [ethylene] [propylene] glycol shall be provided.
The glycol shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D 1384 with less than 0.013 mm 0.5 mils penetration per year
for all system metals. The glycol shall contain corrosion inhibitors. Silicate based inhibitors shall not be
used. The solution shall be compatible with pump seals, other elements of the system, and all water treatment
chemicals used within the system.
2.18.5 Test Kits
All required test kits and reagents for determining the proper water conditions shall be provided.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
After becoming familiar with all details of the work, verify all dimensions in the field, and advise the Contracting
Officer of any discrepancy before performing the work.
3.2 INSTALLATION
Install all work as indicated and in accordance with the manufacturer's diagrams and recommendations.
3.3 COLOR CODE MARKING AND FIELD PAINTING
NOTE: Designer will coordinate color code marking with Section 09 90 00. Color
code marking for piping not listed in Table I of Section 09 90 00, will be added
to the table.
Color code marking, field painting of exposed pipe, and field painting of factory primed equipment shall be as
specified in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS.
3.4 WELDING
NOTE: If the need exists for more stringent pipe welding requirements, delete
the sentences in the first set of brackets.
[Piping shall be welded in accordance with qualified procedures using performance qualified welders and welding
operators. Procedures and welders shall be qualified in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC IX. Welding procedures
qualified by others, and welders and welding operators qualified by another employer may be accepted as permitted
by ASME B31.1. The Contracting Officer shall be notified 24 hours in advance of tests and the tests shall be
performed at the work site if practical. The welder or welding operator shall apply his assigned symbol near
each weld he makes as a permanent record.] Structural members shall be welded in accordance with Section
05 05 23 WELDING, STRUCTURAL. [Welding and nondestructive testing procedures for piping shall be as specified
in Section 43 02 00 WELDING, PRESSURE PIPING.]
3.5 PIPING
NOTE: Indicate on the drawings, the direction of piping pitch, details of branch
take-offs from mains, and pipe size reductions.
Unless otherwise specified, pipe and fittings installation shall conform to the requirements of ASME B31.1.
Pipe shall be cut accurately to measurements established at the job site and worked into place without springing
or forcing, completely clearing all windows, doors, and other openings. Cuttings or other weakening of the building
structure to facilitate piping installation will not be permitted without written approval. Pipe or tubing shall
be cut square, shall have burrs removed by reaming, and shall be so installed as to permit free expansion and
contraction without causing damage to building structure, pipe, joints, or hangers. Changes in direction shall
be made with factory made fittings, except that bending of pipe up to 100 mm 4 inches will be permitted, provided
a pipe bender is used and wide sweep bends are formed. The center line radius of bends shall not be less than
six diameters of the pipe. Bent pipe showing kinks, wrinkles, flattening, or other malformations will not be
accepted. Vent pipes shall be installed through the roof as indicated and shall be flashed as specified. Horizontal
mains shall pitch up or down in the direction of flow as indicated. The grade shall be not less than 25 mm in
12 m 1 inch in 40 feet. Reducing fittings shall be used for changes in pipe sizes. Open ends of pipelines and
equipment shall be capped or plugged during installation to keep dirt or other foreign materials out of the systems.
Pipe not otherwise specified shall be uncoated. Unions and other components for copper pipe or tubing shall
be brass or bronze. Connections between ferrous and copper piping shall be electrically isolated using dielectric
unions.
3.5.1 Joints
Except as otherwise specified, joints used on steel pipe shall be threaded for fittings 25 mm 1 inch and smaller;
threaded or welded for 32 mm 1-1/4 inches up through 65 mm 2-1/2 inches; and flanged or welded for 80 mm3 inches
and larger. Joints between sections of copper tubing or copper pipe shall be flared or sweated. Pipe and fittings
32 mm 1-1/4 inches and larger installed in inaccessible conduits or trenches beneath concrete floor slabs shall
be welded. Unless otherwise specified, connections to equipment shall be made with black malleable iron unions
for pipe 65 mm 2-1/2 inches or smaller in diameter, and with flanges for pipe 80 mm 3 inches or larger in diameter.
3.5.2 Low Temperature Systems
Piping may have threaded, welded, flanged or flared, sweated, or grooved mechanical joints as applicable and
as specified. Reducing fittings shall be used for changes in pipe sizes. In horizontal lines, reducing fittings
shall be the eccentric type to maintain the top of the adjoining pipes at the same level.
3.5.3 Steam Systems
Piping may have threaded, welded, or flanged joints as applicable and as specified. Reducing fittings shall
be used for changes in pipe sizes. In horizontal steam lines, reducing fittings shall be the eccentric type
to maintain the bottom of the lines at the same level. Grooved mechanical joints shall not be used.
3.5.4 High And Medium Temperature Systems
Temperature systems shall have welded joints to the maximum extent practicable, except screwed joints and fittings
may be used at connections to equipment and on piping 65 mm 2-1/2 inches and smaller. Equipment connections
80 mm 3 inches and larger shall be flanged. Piping connections 80 mm 3 inches and larger may be welded or flanged.
In horizontal lines, reducing fittings shall be the eccentric type to maintain the tops of adjoining pipes at
the same level. Grooved mechanical joints shall not be used.
3.5.5 Threaded Joints
Threaded joints shall be made with tapered threads properly cut, and shall be made tight with PTFE tape complying
with ASTM D 3308, or equivalent thread joint compound applied to the male threads only, and in no case to the
fittings.
3.5.6 Welded Joints
Joints shall be fusion-welded unless otherwise required. Changes in direction of piping shall be made with welding
fittings only. Branch connection may be made with either welding tees or branch outlet fittings. Branch outlet
fittings shall be forged, flared for improvement of flow where attached to the run, and reinforced against external
strains.
3.5.7 Flanged Joints or Unions
Flanged joints or unions shall be provided in each line immediately preceding the connection to each piece of
equipment or material requiring maintenance such as coils, pumps, control valves, and similar items. Flanged
joints shall be faced true, provided with gaskets, and made square and tight. Full-faced gaskets shall be used
with cast iron flanges.
3.5.8 Flared and Sweated Pipe and Tubing
Pipe and tubing shall be cut square and burrs shall be removed. Both inside of fittings and outside of tubing
shall be cleaned with an abrasive before sweating. Care shall be taken to prevent annealing of fittings and
hard drawn tubing when making connection. Installation shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Changes in direction of piping shall be made with flared or soldered fittings only. Solder and flux shall be
lead free. Joints for soldered fittings shall be made with silver solder or 95:5 tin-antimony solder. Cored
solder shall not be used. Joints for flared fittings shall be of the compression pattern. Swing joints or offsets
shall be provided on all branch connections, mains, and risers to provide for expansion and contraction forces
without undue stress to the fittings or to short lengths of pipe or tubing.
3.5.9 Mechanical Tee Joint
An extracted mechanical tee joint may be made in copper tube. Joint shall be produced with an appropriate tool
by drilling a pilot hole and drawing out the tube surface to form a collar having a minimum height of three times
the thickness of the tube wall. To prevent the branch tube from being inserted beyond the depth of the extracted
joint, dimpled depth stops shall be provided. The branch tube shall be notched for proper penetration into fitting
to assure a free flow joint. Joints shall be brazed in accordance with NAPHCC NSPC. Soldered joints will not
be permitted.
3.5.10 Grooved Joints for Copper Tube
Grooves shall be prepared according to the coupling manufacturer's instructions. Grooved fittings, couplings,
and grooving tools shall be products of the same manufacturer. Pipe and groove dimensions shall comply with
the tolerances specified by the coupling manufacturer. The diameter of grooves made in the field shall be measured
using a "go/no-go" gauge, vernier or dial caliper, narrow-land micrometer, or other method specifically approved
by the coupling manufacturer for the intended application. Groove width and dimension of groove from end of
pipe shall be measured and recorded for each change in grooving tool setup to verify compliance with coupling
manufacturer's tolerances. Grooved joints shall not be used in concealed locations.
3.6 CONNECTIONS TO EQUIPMENT
Supply and return connections shall be provided by the Contractor unless otherwise indicated. Valves and traps
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Unless otherwise indicated, the size
of the supply and return pipes to each piece of equipment shall be not smaller than the connections on the equipment.
No bushed connections shall be permitted. Change in sizes shall be made with reducers or increasers only.
3.6.1 Low Temperature Water and Steam and Return Connections
Connections, unless otherwise indicated, shall be made with malleable iron unions for piping 65 mm 2-1/2 inches
or less in diameter and with flanges for pipe 80 mm 3 inches or more in diameter.
3.6.2 High And Medium Temperature Water Connections
Connections shall be made with 13.8 MPa 2000 pound black malleable iron unions for pipe 19 mm 3/4 inch or less
in diameter and with flanges for pipe 25 mm 1 inch and larger in diameter.
3.7 BRANCH CONNECTIONS
NOTE: Indicate on the drawings the direction of piping pitch, details of branch
take-offs from mains, and pipe size reductions.
Branches shall pitch up or down as indicated, unless otherwise specified. Connection shall be made to insure
unrestricted circulation, eliminate air pockets, and permit drainage of the system.
3.7.1 Low Temperature Water Branches
NOTE: If the system is not to be a one-pipe system, reference to the special
flow fittings brackets will be deleted.
Branches taken from mains shall pitch with a grade of not less than 25 mm in 3 m 1 inch in 10 feet. [Special
flow fittings shall be installed on the mains to bypass portions of water through each radiator. Special flow
fittings shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer.]
3.7.2 Steam Supply and Condensate Branches
Branches taken from mains shall pitch with a grade of not less than 25 mm in 3 m 1 inch in 10 feet, unless otherwise
indicated.
3.7.3 High And Medium Temperature Water Branches
NOTE: The following is recommended in the sizing of branch line connections
to a high or medium temperature water main:
The following table will be used in metric projects.
Diameter of main, Diameter of branch line
mm connection, mm
200 80 minimum
100, 125, 150 50 minimum
50, 65, 80 one pipe size larger than
sized branch line, but not
more than 50 mm in diameter
The following table will be used in projects prepared using English (IP) measurements.
Diameter of main, Diameter of branch line
inches connection, inches
8 3 minimum
4, 5, 6 2 minimum
2, 2-1/2, 3 one pipe size larger than
sized branch line, but not
more than 2 inches in diameter
Branches shall take off at 45 degrees in the direction of the fluid flow from the supply and return lines and
should be branched from the top or upper half of the main line unless otherwise indicated. Abrupt reduction
in pipe sizes shall be avoided.
3.8 RISERS
The location of risers is approximate. Exact locations of the risers shall be as approved. [Steam supply downfeed
risers shall terminate in a dirt pocket and shall be dripped through a trap to the return line.]
3.9 SUPPORTS
NOTE: Steam and high or medium temperature water piping layout shall be analyzed
for thermal stresses due to expansion. Spring hangers will be indicated on
drawings and used to absorb vertical expansion of piping. Drawings shall detail
anchors and pipe guide and indicate location. Submit expansion calculations,
including guide and anchor reactions for review.
3.9.1 General
NOTE: Mechanical and electrical layout drawings and specifications for ceiling
suspensions should contain notes indicating that hanger loads between panel
points in excess of 22 kg (50 pounds) shall have the excess hanger loads suspended
from panel points.
Hangers used to support piping 50 mm 2 inches and larger shall be fabricated to permit adequate adjustment after
erection while supporting the load. Pipe guides and anchors shall be installed to keep pipes in accurate alignment,
to direct the expansion movement, and to prevent buckling, swaying, and undue strain. All piping subjected to
vertical movement when operating temperatures exceed ambient temperatures, shall be supported by variable spring
hangers and supports or by constant support hangers. Where threaded rods are used for support, they shall not
be formed or bent.
3.9.1.1 Seismic Requirements for Pipe Supports, Standard Bracing
NOTE: Provide seismic requirements, if a Government designer (either Corps
office or A/E) is the Engineer of Record and show on the drawings. Delete the
bracketed phrase if seismic details are not included. UFC 3-310-04 and Sections
13 48 00 and 13 48 00.00 10, properly edited, must be included in the contract
documents.
All piping and attached valves shall be supported and braced to resist seismic loads as specified under UFC 3-310-04
SEISMIC DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS and Sections 13 48 00 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT [and
13 48 00.00 10 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT] [as shown on the drawings]. Structural steel required
for reinforcement to properly support piping, headers, and equipment but not shown shall be provided under this
section. Material used for supports shall be as specified under Section 05 12 00 STRUCTURAL STEEL.
3.9.1.2 Structural Attachments
Structural steel brackets required to support piping, headers, and equipment, but not shown, shall be provided
under this section. Material and installation shall be as specified under Section 05 12 00 STRUCTURAL STEEL.
[Pipe hanger loads suspended from steel joist panel points shall not exceed 222 N 50 pounds. Loads exceeding
222 N 50 pounds shall be suspended from panel points.]
3.9.1.3 Multiple Pipe Runs
In the support of multiple pipe runs on a common base member, a clip or clamp shall be used where each pipe crosses
the base support member. Spacing of the base support members shall not exceed the hanger and support spacing
required for any individual pipe in the multiple pipe run.
3.9.2 Pipe Hangers, Inserts, and Supports
Pipe hangers, inserts and supports shall conform to MSS SP-58 and MSS SP-69, except as specified as follows:
a. Types 5, 12, and 26 shall not be used.
b. Type 3 shall not be used on insulated pipe which has a vapor barrier. Type 3 may be used on insulated
pipe that does not have a vapor barrier if clamped directly to the pipe and if the clamp bottom does
not extend through the insulation and the top clamp attachment does not contact the insulation during
pipe movement.
c. Type 18 inserts shall be secured to concrete forms before concrete is placed. Continuous inserts
which allow more adjustment may be used if they otherwise meet the requirements for Type 18 inserts.
d. Type 19 and 23 C-clamps shall be torqued in accordance with MSS SP-69 and have both locknuts and
retaining devices, furnished by the manufacturer. Field-fabricated C-clamp bodies or retaining devices
are not acceptable.
e. Type 20 attachments used on angles and channels shall be furnished with an added malleable iron heel
plate or adapter.
f. Type 24 may be used only on trapeze hanger systems or on fabricated frames.
g. Where Type 39 saddle or Type 40 shield are permitted for a particular pipe attachment application,
the Type 39 saddle shall be used on all pipe 100 mm 4 inches and larger.
h. Horizontal pipe supports shall be spaced as specified in MSS SP-69 and a support shall be installed
not over 300 mm 1 foot from the pipe fitting joint at each change in direction of the piping. Pipe supports
shall be spaced not over 1.5 m 5 feet apart at valves.
i. Vertical pipe shall be supported at each floor, except at slab-on-grade, and at intervals of not
more than 4.5 m 15 feet, except that pipe shall be supported not more than 2.4 m 8 feet from end of risers,
and at vent terminations.
j. Type 35 guides using steel, reinforced PTFE or graphite slides shall be provided where required to
allow longitudinal pipe movement. Lateral restraints shall be provided as required. Slide materials
shall be suitable for the system operating temperatures, atmospheric conditions and bearing loads encountered.
Where steel slides do not require provision for restraint or lateral movement, an alternate guide method
may be used. On piping 100 mm 4 inches and larger, a Type 39 saddle may be welded to the pipe and freely
rest on a steel plate. On piping under 100 mm 4 inches, a Type 40 protection shield may be attached
to the pipe or insulation and freely rest on a steel slide plate. Where there are high system temperatures
and welding to piping is not desirable, then the Type 35 guide shall include a pipe cradle, welded to
the guide structure and strapped securely to the pipe. The pipe shall be separated from the slide material
by at least 100 mm 4 inches or by an amount adequate for the insulation, which ever is greater.
k. Except for Type 3, pipe hangers on horizontal insulated pipe shall be the size of the outside diameter
of the insulation.
3.9.3 Piping in Trenches
NOTE: Detail the methods of supporting pipe in trenches.
Piping shall be supported as indicated.
3.10 PIPE SLEEVES
NOTE: Sleeves through waterproofing membrane are to be similar to that shown
in Josam Manufacturing Co. Figure No. 26420 and couplings similar to that shown
in Figure No. 26440. Typical details of pipe sleeves through walls, floors,
and roofs are shown in UFC 3-190-01FA, CAULKING AND SEALING. The applicable
detail plates will be completed and included in the contract drawings. Sleeve
thickness and square- and rectangular opening detail will be determined and
indicated.
3.10.1 Pipe Passing Through Concrete or Masonry
Pipe passing through concrete or masonry walls or concrete floors or roofs shall be provided with pipe sleeves
fitted into place at the time of construction. Sleeves shall not be installed in structural members except where
indicated or approved. Rectangular and square openings shall be as detailed. Each sleeve shall extend through
its respective wall, floor, or roof, and shall be cut flush with each surface. Unless otherwise indicated, sleeves
shall provide a minimum of 6 mm 1/4 inch annular space between bare pipe or insulation surface and sleeves.
Sleeves in bearing walls, waterproofing membrane floors, and wet areas shall be steel pipe or cast iron pipe.
Sleeves in nonbearing walls, floors, or ceilings may be steel pipe, cast iron pipe, or galvanized sheet metal
with lock-type longitudinal seam and of the metal thickness indicated. Except in pipe chases or interior walls,
the annular space between pipe and sleeve or between jacket over insulation and sleeve in nonfire rated walls
and floors shall be sealed as indicated and specified in Section 07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS. Penetrations in fire
walls and floors shall be sealed in accordance with Section 07 84 00 FIRESTOPPING.
3.10.2 Pipes Passing Through Waterproofing Membranes
NOTE: Indicated on drawings details of pipes through flashing or waterproof
membrane, and method of sealing.
Pipes passing through waterproofing membranes shall be installed through a 19.5 kg/square meter 4 pound lead-flashing
sleeve, a 4.9 kg/square meter 16 ounce copper sleeve, or a 0.813 mm 0.032 inch thick aluminum sleeve, each having
an integral skirt or flange. Flashing sleeve shall be suitably formed, and the skirt or flange shall extend
200 mm 8 inches or more from the pipe and shall be set over the roof or floor membrane in a troweled coating
of bituminous cement. The flashing sleeve shall extend up the pipe a minimum of 50 mm 2 inches above the highest
flood level of the roof or a minimum of 250 mm 10 inches above the roof, whichever is greater, or 250 mm 10 inches
above the floor. The annular space between the flashing sleeve and the bare pipe or between the flashing sleeve
and the metal-jacket-covered insulation shall be sealed as indicated. At the Contractor's option, pipes up to
and including 250 mm 10 inches in diameter passing through roof or floor waterproofing membrane may be installed
through a cast iron sleeve with caulking recess, anchor lugs, flashing clamp device, and pressure ring with brass
bolts. Waterproofing membrane shall be clamped into place and sealant shall be placed in the caulking recess.
3.10.3 Mechanical Seal Assembly
In lieu of a waterproofing clamping flange and caulking and sealing of annular space between pipe and sleeve
or conduit and sleeve, a modular mechanical type sealing assembly may be installed. The seals shall consist
of interlocking synthetic rubber links shaped to continuously fill the annular space between the pipe/conduit
and sleeve with corrosion protected carbon steel bolts, nuts, and pressure plates. The links shall be loosely
assembled with bolts to form a continuous rubber belt around the pipe with a pressure plate under each bolt head
and each nut. After the seal assembly is properly positioned in the sleeve, tightening of the bolts shall cause
the rubber sealing elements to expand and provide a watertight seal between the pipe/conduit and the sleeve.
Each seal assembly shall be sized as recommended by the manufacturer to fit the pipe/conduit and sleeve involved.
The Contractor electing to use the modular mechanical type seals shall provide sleeves of the proper diameters.
3.10.4 Counterflashing Alternate
As an alternate to caulking and sealing the annular space between the pipe and flashing sleeve or metal-jacket-covered
insulation and flashing sleeve, counterflashing may be by standard roof coupling for threaded pipe up to 150
mm 6 inches in diameter; lead-flashing sleeve for dry vents and turning the sleeve down into the pipe to form
a waterproof joint; or tack-welded or banded-metal rain shield round the pipe and sealing as indicated.
3.10.5 Waterproofing Clamping Flange
Pipe passing through wall waterproofing membrane shall be sleeved as specified. In addition, a waterproofing
clamping flange shall be installed as indicated.
3.10.6 Fire Seal
NOTE: Fire walls and fire partitions shall be designated on the drawings.
Where pipes pass through fire walls, fire partitions, fire rated pipe chase walls or floors above grade, a fire
seal shall be provided as specified in Section 07 84 00 FIRESTOPPING.
3.10.7 Escutcheons
Escutcheons shall be provided at all finished surfaces where exposed piping, bare or covered, passes through
floors, walls, or ceilings, except in boiler, utility, or equipment rooms. Escutcheons shall be fastened securely
to pipe sleeves or to extensions of sleeves without any part of sleeves being visible. Where sleeves project
slightly from floors, special deep-type escutcheons shall be used. Escutcheons shall be chromium-plated iron
or chromium-plated brass, either one-piece or split pattern, held in place by internal spring tension or setscrew.
3.11 ANCHORS
NOTE: Detail and indicate locations of pipe anchors.
Anchors shall be provided where necessary or indicated to localize expansion or prevent undue strain on piping.
Anchors shall consist of heavy steel collars with lugs and bolts for clamping and attaching anchor braces, unless
otherwise indicated. Anchor braces shall be installed using turnbuckles where required. Supports, anchors,
or stays shall not be attached in places where construction will be damaged by installation operations or by
the weight or expansion of the pipeline.
3.12 PIPE EXPANSION
NOTE: Whenever possible, provisions for the expansion of piping will be made
by offsets or changes in the direction of the run of pipe or by expansion loops.
Expansion joints, when used, shall be installed in readily accessible locations.
Location and details of offsets, expansion joints, and expansion loops will
be shown.
The expansion of supply and return pipes shall be provided for by changes in the direction of the run of pipe,
by expansion loops, or by expansion joints as indicated. Low temperature water and steam expansion joints may
be one of the types specified. [High] [Medium] temperature water system expansion joints may be one of the joints
specified, except slip-tube type.
3.12.1 Expansion Loops
Expansion loops shall provide adequate expansion of the main straight runs of the system within the stress limits
specified in ASME B31.1. The loops shall be cold-sprung and installed where indicated. Pipe guides shall be
provided as indicated.
3.12.2 Slip-Tube Joints
NOTE: Type I and III slip joint, packed expansion joints are adjustable gland
type and require continuing maintenance to contain leakage and are now manufactured
by only one company, making them proprietary.
Slip-tube type expansion joints shall be used for steam and low temperature water systems only and shall be installed
where indicated. The joints shall provide for either single or double slip of the connected pipes as indicated
and for the traverse indicated. The joints shall be designed for a working temperature and pressure suitable
for the application and in no case less than [_____] kPa psig. The joints shall be in accordance with applicable
requirements of EJMA Stds and ASME B31.1. End connections shall be flanged. Anchor bases or support bases shall
be provided as indicated or required. Initial setting shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations
to allow for ambient temperature at time of installation. Pipe alignment guides shall be installed as recommended
by the joint manufacturer, but in any case shall be not more than 1.5 m 5 feet from expansion joint, except in
lines 100 mm 4 inches or smaller where guides shall be installed not more that 600 mm 2 feet from the joint.
3.12.3 Bellows-Type Joint
Bellows-type joint design and installation shall comply with EJMA Stds standards. The joints shall be designed
for the working temperature and pressure suitable for the application and shall be not less than 1.03 MPa 150
psig in any case.
3.12.4 Flexible Ball Joints
NOTE: Ball joints may often be used to advantage instead of loops and expansion
joints. Where used, they must be indicated on drawings in detail. Guides for
ball joints will be as recommended by the manufacturer. Design details will
include dimension between ball center-points in offset leg, and the distance
and direction of desired cold set from offset leg centerline. Each expansion
unit will consist of two, three, or four joints, but in no case less than two
joints, as required to handle the system expansion. The ball joint arrangement
at each expansion location must provide for total movement. The ball joint
only moves in an angular offset or rotation mode. The configuration of the
ball joint link will permit a 2 or 3 ball joint offset to absorb axial and/or
lateral movement, but not a single ball joint; therefore, if axial and/or lateral
movement is expected, use a 2 or 3 ball joint offset.
Flexible ball joints may be threaded (to 50 mm 2 inches only), flanged, or welded end as required. The ball-type
joint shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the generally accepted engineering principle stated
in ASME B31.1, and ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1, where applicable. Flanges shall conform to the diameter and drilling
of ASME B16.5. Molded gaskets furnished shall be suitable for the service intended.
3.13 VALVES AND EQUIPMENT ACCESSORIES
NOTE: Indicate type and location of valves on the drawings.
3.13.1 Valves and Equipment
Valves shall be installed at the locations shown or specified, and where required for the proper functioning
of the system as directed. Gate valves shall be used unless otherwise indicated, specified, or directed. Valves
shall be installed with their stems horizontal to or above the main body of the valve. Valves used with ferrous
piping shall have threaded or flanged ends and sweat-type connections for copper tubing.
3.13.2 Gravity Flow-Control Valve
NOTE: Paragraph will be deleted if the system is not to be used for heating
domestic hot water or if the system is not an up-feed type with intermittent
operation of the circulating pump. A flow-control valve is not required in
such instances.
The valve to control the flow of water shall be installed in the supply main near the heat exchanger. The valve
shall operate so that when the circulating pump starts, the increased pressure within the main will open the
valve; when the pump stops, the valve will close. The valve shall be constructed with a cast iron body and shall
be provided with a device whereby the valve can be opened manually to allow gravity circulation. The flow-control
valve shall be designed for the intended purpose, and shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.13.3 Thermometer Socket
A thermometer well shall be provided in each return line for each circuit in multicircuit systems.
3.13.4 Air Vents
NOTE: Indicate location of all air vents on the drawings and include details
for high or medium temperature water vents.
Vents shall be installed where indicated, and on all high points and piping offsets where air can collect or
pocket.
3.13.4.1 Water Air Vents
[High] [Medium] temperature water air vents shall be as indicated. Vent discharge lines shall be double-valved
with globe valves and shall discharge into a funnel drain.
3.13.4.2 Steam Air Vents
Steam air vents shall be a quick-acting valve that continuously removes air. Valve shall be constructed of corrosion-resisting
metal, shall be designed to withstand the maximum piping system pressure, and shall automatically close tight
to prevent escape of steam and condensate. Vent shall be provided with a manual isolation valve. A vent shall
be provided on the shell of each steam heat exchanger.
3.14 STEAM TRAPS
Float Traps shall be installed in the condensate line as indicated. Other steam traps shall be installed where
indicated.
3.15 UNIT HEATERS
Unit heaters shall be installed as indicated and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.16 INSULATION
Thickness of insulation materials for piping and equipment and application shall be in accordance with Section
23 07 00 THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
3.17 MANUFACTURER'S SERVICES
Provide the services of a manufacturer's representative who is experienced in the installation, adjustment, and
operation of the equipment specified. The representative shall supervise the installation, adjustment, and testing
of the equipment.
3.18 TESTING AND CLEANING
3.18.1 Pressure Testing
Notify the Contracting Officer [_____] days before the tests are to be conducted. The tests shall be performed
in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Furnish all instruments and personnel required for the tests. Electricity,
steam, and water will be furnished by the Government. All test results shall be accepted before thermal insulation
is installed. The entire low temperature heating system, including heat exchanger, radiators and fittings, shall
be hydrostatically tested and proved tight under a pressure of 310 kPa 45 psig for a period of four hours.
3.18.2 Test of Backflow Prevention Assemblies
Backflow prevention assemblies shall be tested in accordance with Section 22 00 00 PLUMBING, GENERAL PURPOSE.
3.18.3 Cleaning
After the hydrostatic and backflow prevention tests have been made and prior to the operating tests, the heat
exchanger and piping shall be thoroughly cleaned by filling the system with a solution of 0.5 kg 1 pound of caustic
soda or 0.5 kg 1 pound of trisodium phosphate per 200 L 50 gallons of water. Observe the proper safety precautions
in the handling and use of these chemicals. The water shall be heated to approximately 66 degrees C 150 degrees
F, and the solution circulated in the system for a period of 48 hours, then drained and the system thoroughly
flushed out with fresh water. Equipment shall be wiped clean, with all traces of oil, dust, dirt, or paint spots
removed. The Contractor will be responsible for maintaining the system in a clean condition until final acceptance.
Bearings shall be lubricated with oil or grease as recommended by the manufacturer.
3.18.4 Water Treatment Testing
The heating water shall be analyzed [prior to the acceptance of the facility] [and] [a minimum of once a month
for a period of one year] by the water treatment company. The analysis shall include the following information
recorded in accordance with ASTM D 596.
Date of Sample [_____]
Temperature [_____] degrees C F
Silica (SiO2) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Insoluble [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Iron and Aluminum Oxides [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Calcium (Ca) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Magnesium (Mg) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Sodium and Potassium (Na and K) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Carbonate (HCO3) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Sulfate (SO4) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Chloride (C1) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Nitrate (NO3) [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Turbidity [_____] unit
pH [_____]
Residual Chlorine [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Total Alkalinity [_____] ppm (meq/1)
Noncarbonate Hardness [_____] epm (meq/1
Total Hardness [_____] epm (meq/1)
Dissolved Solids [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Fluorine [_____] ppm (mg/1)
Conductivity [_____] microsiemens/cm
3.19 FRAMED INSTRUCTIONS
Post framed instructions, containing wiring and control diagrams under glass or in laminated plastic, where directed.
Condensed operating instructions, prepared in typed form, shall be framed as specified above and posted beside
the diagrams. Post the framed instructions before acceptance testing of the system.
3.20 FIELD TRAINING
Provide a field training course for designated operating and maintenance staff members. Provide training for
a total period of [_____] hours of normal working time starting after the system is functionally complete but
prior to final acceptance tests. Field training shall cover all of the items contained in the approved Operation
and Maintenance Manuals.
3.21 TESTING, ADJUSTING AND BALANCING
Except as specified herein, testing, adjusting, and balancing shall be in accordance with Section 23 05 93 TESTING,
ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING OF HVAC SYSTEMS.