USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-27 21 10.00 40 (November 2008)
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Preparing Activity: NASA (New)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 27 21 10.00 40
FIBER OPTIC DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
11/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for fiber optics data
transmission systems.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: There are two ways the designer can require the submission of data concerning
fiber optic equipment. The most common way is through the use of submittals.
However, the Federal Acquisition Regulations apply special constraints on some
types of technical data that fall under the Data Requirements Clause. Generally,
the technical data associated with fiber optic data transmission systems do
not fall under the special Data Requirements Clause. However, if other systems
such as EMCS, UMCS, IDS, ESS, and CCTV, interconnected by FO systems do fall
within the special category, the associated FO technical data should be acquired
in the same manner. Therefore, if some systems used with this specification
fall under the special Data Requirements Clause, use sub-paragraph a. below
for guidance.
a. The acquisition of all technical data, data bases and computer software
items that are identified herein will be accomplished strictly in accordance
with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and the Department of Defense
Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DOD FARS). Those regulations, as
well as the Army and Corps of Engineers implementations thereof, should also
be consulted to ensure that a delivery of critical items of technical data is
not inadvertently lost. Specifically, the Rights in Technical Data Non-commercial,
DOD FARS 52.227-7013, and DOD FARS 52.227-7031 [Reserved], as well as any requisite
software licensing agreements will be made a part of the CONTRACT CLAUSES or
SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS of the contract. In addition, the appropriate
DD Form 1423, Contract Data Requirements List, will be filled out for each distinct
deliverable item and made a part of the contract. Where necessary, a DD Form
1664, Data Item Description, shall be used to explain and more fully identify
the data items listed on the DD Form 1423. It is to be noted that all of these
clauses and forms are required to assure the delivery of the data in question
and that such data is obtained with the requisite rights to use by the Government.
Include with the request for proposals a completed DD Form 1423, Contract Data
Requirements List. This form is essential to obtain delivery of all documentation.
Each deliverable will be clearly specified, both description and quantity being
required.
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION (CEA)CEA 170(1957) Electrical Performance Standards - Monochrome Television Studio FacilitiesCEA-310-E(2005) Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment][ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE (EIA)EIA/TIA-455-170(1989) FOTP-170 Cable Cutoff Wavelength of Single-Mode Fiber by Transmitted Power][INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)IEEE C2(2007; Errata 2007; INT 2008) National Electrical Safety CodeIEEE C62.41.1(2002) IEEE Guide on the Surges Environment in Low-Voltage (1000 V and Less) AC Power CircuitsIEEE C62.41.2(2002) IEEE Recommended Practice on Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage (1000 V and Less) AC Power Circuits][NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)NEMA 250(2003) Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)][NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 70(2007; AMD 1 2008) National Electrical Code - 2008 Edition][TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (TIA)TIA TIA/EIA-455-204(2000) Standard for Measurement of Bandwidth on Multimode FiberTIA-232-F(1997; R 2002) Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data InterchangeTIA-455-104-A(1993; R 2005) Standard for FOTP-104 Fiber Optic Cable Cyclic Flexing TestTIA-455-13-A(1996; R 2002) FOTP-13 Visual and Mechanical Inspection of Fiber Optic Components, Devices, and AssembliesTIA-455-177-B(2003) FOTP-177 IEC-60793-1-43 Optical Fibres - Part 1-43: Measurement Methods and Test Procedures - Numerical ApertureTIA-455-46A(1990) FOTP-46 Spectral Attenuation Measurement for Long-Length, Graded-Index Optical FibersTIA-455-47B(1992) FOTP-47 Output Far Field Radiation Pattern MeasurementTIA-455-58-B(2001) FOTP-58 Core Diameter Measurement of Graded-Index Optical FibersTIA-455-78(2002B) FOTP-78 Optical Fibres - Part 1-40: Measurement Methods and Test Procedures - AttenuationTIA-455-82B(1992) FOTP-82 Fluid Penetration Test for Fluid-Blocked Fiber Optic CableTIA-455-91(1986; R 1996) FOTP-91 Fiber Optic Cable Twist-Bend TestTIA-485-A(1998; R 2003) Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint SystemTIA/EIA-455-171-A(2001) FOTP-171 Attenuation by Substitution Measurement for Short-Length Multimode Graded-Index and Single-Mode Optical Fiber Cable AssembliesTIA/EIA-455-25C(2002) FOTP-25 Impact Testing of Optical Fiber CablesTIA/EIA-455-41A(1993; R 2001) FOTP-41 Compressive Loading Resistance of Fiber Optic CablesTIA/EIA-455-81B(2000) FOTP-81 Compound Flow (Drip) Test for Filled Fiber Optic CableTIA/EIA-455-88(2001) FOTP-88 Fiber Optic Cable Bend TestTIA/EIA-606-A(2002) Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure][U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)47 CFR 15Radio Frequency Devices][UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)UL 1666(2007) Test for Flame Propagation Height of Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Vertically in Shafts]1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Fiber Optic System[; G][; G, [_____]]
Installation[; G][; G, [_____]]
Detail drawings including a complete list of equipment and material, including manufacturer's
descriptive and technical literature, performance charts and curves, catalog cuts, and installation
instructions. Detail drawings shall contain complete cabling, wiring and schematic diagrams
and any other details required to demonstrate that the system has been coordinated and will
properly function with its associated subsystems as well as other systems. Drawings shall show
proposed layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances, and equipment relationship to
other parts of the work including clearance for maintenance and operations. System drawings
shall show proposed configuration, including location, type and termination of both interior
and exterior fiber optics and showing the location, duct and innerduct arrangement, and fiber
assignment. Show the ac power consumption and heat dissipation under both normal and maximum
operating conditions.
SD-03 Product Data
Fiber Optic System
Equipment calculations for flux budgets and gain margins.
Spare Parts
Data lists of spare parts, tools, and test equipment, as specified.
Manufacturer's Instructions[; G][; G, [_____]]
Where installation procedures, or any part thereof, are required to be in accordance with
the recommendations of the manufacturer of the material being installed, submit printed copies
of these recommendations prior to installation. Installation of the item will not be allowed
to proceed until the recommendations are received and approved.
Test Procedures and Reports[; G][; G, [_____]]
Test plans shall define test procedures and tests required to ensure that the system meets
technical, operational, and performance specifications. The test plans shall define milestones
for the tests, equipment, personnel, facilities, and supplies required. The test plans shall
identify the capabilities and functions to be tested.
SD-06 Test Reports
Test Procedures and Reports[; G][; G, [_____]]
Test reports, in booklet form showing field test procedures and field tests performed to adjust
each component and field tests performed to prove compliance with the specified performance
criteria, upon completion and testing of the installed system.
SD-07 Certificates
Fiber Optic System
Manufacturer's certificate indicating compliance with transmission and reliability requirements.
Where equipment or materials are specified to conform to the standards or publications and requirements
of CFR, ANSI,IEEE, NEMA, NFPA, EIA, or UL, certificates attesting that the items furnished under
this section of the specification conform to the specified requirements.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
System Maintenance Course
[Six] [_____] copies of operating instructions outlining the step-by-step procedures required
for system operation including description of each subsystem in its operating mode. Instructions
shall include the manufacturer's name, service manual, parts list, and a brief description of
equipment, components, and their basic operating features. [Six] [_____] copies of the maintenance
instructions listing regular maintenance procedures, possible system failures, a troubleshooting
guide for repairs, and simplified diagrams for the system as installed. A video describing
operating and maintenance instructions may be included.
1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.3.1 General
NOTE: Show on drawings the data transmission media required between each sub-assembly
of the system or systems to be interconnected. Give consideration to compliance
with NEC for supports, raceways, etc.
Provide a fiber optics (FO) data transmission system (DTS). The data transmission system shall consist of fiber
optic transmission media, transmitter and receiver modules, modems, transceiver modules, repeaters, cable and
power line surge protection, terminal devices (such as connectors, patch panels and breakout boxes) and power
supplies for operating active components. The data transmission system shall interconnect system components
as shown. Computing devices, as defined in 47 CFR 15, shall be certified to comply with the requirements for
Class A computing devices and labeled as set forth in 47 CFR 15.
1.3.2 Environmental Requirements
NOTE: Select equipment and cable temperature rating within ambient temperature
conditions at project location. State additional requirements when ambient
conditions are more extreme than manufacturers' equipment ratings (e.g., conformal
coating for 100% relative humidity or condensing atmospheres, enclosure heaters
or enclosure coolers.)
Rate equipment and cable to be utilized indoors for continuous operation under ambient environmental conditions
of 0 to 50 degrees C 32 to 122 degrees F dry bulb and 10 to 95 percent relative humidity, non-condensing. Rate
equipment and cables to be used outdoors for continuous operation under ambient environmental conditions of [minus
40] [minus [_____]] to plus [75] [_____] degrees C [minus 40] [minus [_____]] to plus [166] [_____] and humidity
of up to 100 percent condensing or as normally encountered for the installed location. Rate all equipment and
cable for continuous operation under the ambient environmental temperature, pressure, humidity, and vibration
conditions specified or normally encountered for the installed location. Cables installed in ducts, plenums,
and other air-handling spaces shall be installed per NFPA 70. Cables installed in plenums shall be plenum-rated
cables listed for the use. Cables installed in risers shall be riser-rated cables listed for the use, unless
the installed cable is identified as a permitted substitution for the required riser-rated cable type.
1.3.3 Hazardous Environment
NOTE: Designer will show hazardous (classified) environment area(s), type of
hazard(s), and hazard classification (Class I, II, or III, or combinations;
Divisions 1 or 2; Groups A, B, C, D, E, F, or G or combinations; and operating
temperatures) on the drawings. Whenever possible, avoid placement of the FO
DTS equipment and cables within the hazardous location to reduce installation
costs, and to simplify maintenance.
System components and wiring located in areas where fire or explosion hazards may exist because of flammable
gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustible dust, or ignitable fibers or flyings shall be rated for Classes,
Divisions, Groups and suitable for the operating temperatures and installed according to Chapter 5 of NFPA 70
and as shown.
1.3.4 Electrical Requirements
Operate the equipment from a voltage source as shown, plus or minus 10 percent, and 60 Hz, plus or minus 2 percent.
1.3.5 Input Line Surge Protection
Protect inputs and outputs against surges induced on wiring and cables including wiring and cables installed
outdoors. Select surge protection devices based on voltages and current ratings of components to be protected.
Protect communications equipment against surges induced on any communications circuit. Cables and conductors
(except non-conductive fiber optic cables which serve as communications circuits from consoles to field equipment
and between field equipment), shall have surge protection circuits installed at each end. Furnish protection
at equipment, and additional triple electrode gas surge protectors rated for the application on each conductive
wire line and coaxial circuit shall be installed within 1 meter 3 feet of the building cable entrance. Select
surge protection devices based on voltages and current ratings of components to be protected. Do not use fuses
for surge protection. Test the inputs and outputs in both normal mode and common mode using the following two
waveforms:
a. A 10 microsecond rise time by 1000 microsecond pulse width waveform with a peak voltage of 1500 volts
and a peak current of 60 amperes.
b. An 8 microsecond rise time by 20 microsecond pulse width waveform with a peak voltage of 1000 volts
and a peak current of 500 amperes.
1.3.6 Power Line Surge Protection
Protect equipment connected to AC circuits from power line surges. Select surge protection devices based on
voltages and current ratings of components to be protected. Equipment shall meet the requirements of IEEE C62.41.1
and IEEE C62.41.2. Do not use fuses for surge protection.
1.3.7 Spare Parts
The Contractor shall submit spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified and
furnished, after approval of detail drawings not later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy.
The data shall include a list of parts and supplies, with current unit prices and source of supply, and a list
of the parts recommended by the manufacturer to be replaced after [1 year] [3 years] of service.
1.4 DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL DATA
NOTE: Insert the Section title of the appropriate additional specifications:
Section 28 23 23.00 10 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMS; Section 28 16 00.00
20 BASIC INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS); Section 28 20 00.00 20 COMMERCIAL
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS); Section 28 20 01.00 10 ELECTRONIC SECURITY
SYSTEM; Section 28 16 01.00 10 SMALL INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM; Section 25
10 10 UTILITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS (UMCS).
For UMCS, IDS, ESS and similar systems requiring head-end computers and software,
designer shall use the paragraph DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL DATA and delete paragraph
SUBMITTALS. In no case will both paragraphs be retained.
Computer software and technical data (including technical data which relates to computer software), which are
specifically identified in this specification shall be delivered strictly in accordance with the CONTRACT CLAUSES,
SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS, and in accordance with the Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL), DD Form 1423,
which is attached to and thereby made a part of this contract. All data delivered shall be identified by reference
to the particular specification paragraph against which it is furnished. If the DTS is being installed in conjunction
with another system such as an intrusion detection system, electronic SECURITY system, closed circuit television
system, or utility monitoring and control system, submit the Technical Data Packages as part of the Technical
Data Package for Section [_____]; submit [_____] hard copies and [_____] electronic copies (DC-ROM or DVD-R)
of the Technical Data Package(s).
1.4.1 Group I Technical Data Package
1.4.1.1 System Drawings
The package shall include the following:
a. Communications system block diagram.
b. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, multiplexers, and FO modem installation, block diagrams,
and wiring and cabling diagrams.
c. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, multiplexers, and FO modem physical layout and schematics.
d. Details of interfaces with other systems.
e. Details of connections to power sources, including grounding.
f. Details of surge protection device installations.
g. Details of cable splicing and connector installations.
h. Details of aerial cable and messenger installation on poles, cable entrance to buildings, and termination
inside enclosures.
i. Details of underground cable and duct installation, cable entrance into buildings, and terminations
inside enclosures.
Drawings shall show proposed layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances, and equipment relationship
to other parts of the work including clearance for maintenance and operations. System drawings shall show proposed
configuration, including location, type and termination of both interior and exterior fiber optics and showing
the location, duct and innerduct arrangement, and fiber assignment. Show the ac power consumption and heat dissipation
under both normal and maximum operating conditions.
1.4.1.2 Equipment Data
Deliver a complete data package for all material, including field and system equipment.
1.4.1.3 Data Transmission System Description and Analyses
The data package shall include complete system description, and analyses and calculations used in sizing equipment
required by these specifications. Descriptions and calculations shall show how the equipment will operate as
a system to meet the specified performance. The data package shall include the following:
a. FO receivers, transmitters, transceivers, multiplexers, FO modem transmit and receive levels, and
losses in decibels (dB) on each communication link.
b. Digital transmitter and receiver communication speed and protocol description.
c. Analog signal transmission method and bandwidth of the transmitter and receiver.
d. Data transmission system expansion capability and method of implementation.
e. FO system signal-to-noise ratio calculation for each communication link.
f. Flux-budget and gain margin calculation for each communication link.
1.4.1.4 System Overall Reliability Calculations
NOTE: The designer must insert the section that describes the system configuration.
The data package shall include manufacturers' reliability data and calculations required to show compliance with
the specified reliability. Base the calculations on the configuration specified in Section [_____] and as shown.
1.4.1.5 Certifications
Include the specified manufacturers' certifications with the data package.
1.4.1.6 Key Control Plan
NOTE: The designer will specify the Section in which a key control plan is
found, when this specification is used with IDS, ESS, or CCTV: Section 28 16
00.00 20 BASIC INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS); Section 28 20 00.00 20 COMMERCIAL
INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS); Section 28 20 01.00 10 ELECTRONIC SECURITY
SYSTEM; Section 28 16 01.00 10 SMALL INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM; Section 25
10 10 UTILITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS (UMCS); Section 28 23 23.00 10
CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMS.
1.4.2 Group II Technical Data Package
NOTE: If the designer has specified site condition investigation in other sections,
the first bracketed sentence, with the proper section number inserted, may be
substituted in lieu of the second set of bracketed sentences.
[The Group II technical data package is specified in Section [_____].] [The Contractor shall verify that site
conditions are in agreement with the design package. The Contractor shall submit a report to the Government
documenting changes to the site, or differing conditions that affect performance of the system to be installed.
For those changes or conditions which affect system installation or performance, specification sheets shall be
provided (with the report), or written functional requirements to support the findings, and a cost estimate to
correct the deficiency shall be provided with the report. The Contractor shall not correct any deficiency without
written permission from the Government.]
1.4.3 Group III Technical Data Package
NOTE: Insert section number and title for the UMCS, IDS, ESS or CCTV specifications.
The Contractor shall prepare test procedures and reports for the factory test. Prepare a test plan and test
procedures in accordance with Section [_____] and this specification. The test procedures shall describe the
applicable tests to be performed, and other pertinent information such as specialized test equipment required,
length of test, and location of the test. The procedures shall explain in detail, step-by-step actions and expected
results to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this specification, and the methods for simulating
the necessary conditions of operation to demonstrate performance of the system. The test report shall describe
the results of testing to include the date, time, location and system component designations of material and
equipment tested. Record testing action whether successful or not. Describe reasons for termination of testing.
Testing work sheets, printouts, strip charts, oscilloscope or optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) printouts/photographs,
raw and analyzed data, and testing conclusions shall be included in the report. The Contractor shall deliver
the factory test procedures to the Government for approval. After receipt by the Contractor of written approval
of the test procedures, the Contractor may schedule the factory test. The Contractor shall provide written notice
of the test to the Government at least 2 weeks prior to the scheduled start. Deliver the final test reports
within 15 days after completion of the test.
1.4.4 Group IV Technical Data Package
1.4.4.1 Performance Verification and Endurance Testing Data
NOTE: Insert section number and title for the UMCS, IDS, ESS or CCTV specification.
The Contractor shall prepare procedures and reports for the performance verification test and endurance test.
Prepare test procedures in accordance with Section [_____] and this specification. Perform testing on an installed
system as approved by the Government. Where required and approved by the Government, the Contractor shall simulate
conditions of operation to demonstrate the performance of the system. The test plan shall describe the applicable
tests to be performed, other pertinent information such as specialized test equipment required, length of performance
verification test and endurance test, and location of the performance verification test and endurance test.
The procedures shall explain in detail, step-by-step actions and expected results to demonstrate compliance with
the requirements of this specification, and the methods for simulating the necessary conditions of operation
to demonstrate performance of the system. The test report shall describe the results of testing to include the
date, time, location and system component designations of material and equipment tested. Record testing action
whether successful or not. Record reasons for termination of testing for any reason in the report. Testing
work sheets, printouts, strip charts, oscilloscope or OTDR printouts/photographs, raw data, analyzed data and
testing conclusions shall be included in the report. The Contractor shall deliver the performance verification
test and endurance test procedures to the Government for review and approval. After receipt of written approval
of test procedures, the Contractor may schedule the performance verification and endurance tests. The Contractor
shall provide written notice of the performance verification test and the endurance test to the Government at
least 2 weeks prior to the scheduled start of the test. Deliver the final performance test and endurance test
report 30 days after completion of testing.
1.4.4.2 Operation and Maintenance Data
Deliver a draft copy of the operation and maintenance data, in manual format, as specified for the Group V technical
data package, to the Government prior to beginning the performance verification test for use during site testing.
1.4.4.3 Training Data
Deliver lesson plans and training manuals, including type of training to be provided, with a list of reference
material for approval by the Government prior to starting any training.
1.4.5 Group V Technical Data Package
NOTE: Specify the correct number of manuals on DD Form 1423. Adjust the quantities
below to fill special local requirements. Coordinate O&M manual requirements
with those of the performing district.
Generally, FO systems do not include controls or functions under the control
of system operators. Therefore, an operator's manual is not needed. Include
an operator's manual if such controls are provided.
The Group V package consists of the operation and maintenance data, in manual format. Deliver final copies of
the manuals bound in hardback, loose-leaf binders, to the Government within 30 days after completing the endurance
test. Update the draft copy used during site testing with any changes required prior to final delivery of the
manuals. Identify each manual's contents on the cover. The manuals shall include the names, addresses, and
telephone numbers of each subcontractor installing equipment and systems, and of the nearest service representative
for each item of equipment and each system. The manuals shall have a table of contents and tab sheets. Place
tab sheets at the beginning of each chapter or section and at the beginning of each appendix. The final copies
delivered after completion of the endurance test shall include all modifications made during installation, checkout,
and acceptance. Manuals delivered shall include:
a. Functional Design Manual: [two] [_____] copies [_____] hard copies [1] [_____] CD-ROM(s).
b. Hardware Manual: [two] [_____] copies [_____] hard copies [1] [_____] CD-ROM(s).
c. Maintenance Manuals: [two] [_____] copies. [_____] hard copies [1] [_____] CD-ROM(s).
d. Operator's Manual: [six] [_____] copies [_____] hard copies [1] [_____] CD-ROM(s).
1.4.5.1 Functional Design Manual
The functional design manual shall identify the operational requirements for the data transmission system and
explain the theory of operation, design philosophy, and specific functions. Include a description of hardware
functions, interfaces, and requirements for all system operating modes.
1.4.5.2 Hardware Manual
Furnish a manual describing all equipment and devices specified and under Part 2 PRODUCTS. Include the following
information:
a. General description and specifications.
b. Installation and checkout procedures.
c. Equipment electrical schematics and layout drawings.
d. Data transmission systems schematics.
e. Alignment and calibration procedures.
f. Manufacturer's repair parts list indicating sources of supply.
g. Interface definition.
1.4.5.3 Maintenance Manual
Include the maintenance descriptions of maintenance for all equipment including inspection, periodic preventative
maintenance, fault diagnosis, and repair or replacement of defective components.
1.4.5.4 Operator's Manual
The operator's manual shall fully explain procedures and instructions for operation of the system. This shall
include an operator's manual for any fiber optic systems in which system operators control any function of the
system.
1.4.6 Group VI Technical Data Package
The Group VI Technical Data Package shall consist of the as-built drawings revised to include system revisions
and modifications. Deliver copies of the updated as-built drawings to the Government following approval of the
PVT and endurance test.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
NOTE: All of the products listed in this section may not be required for every
project. Keep the products required and delete the others.
2.1 FO MODEMS
Select FO modems to meet FO system requirements. The modems shall allow full duplex, asynchronous, point-to-point
digital communication for the system being installed.
2.1.1 FO Modem Operating Wavelength
NOTE: Select the required operating wavelength: Typically 850 and 1300 wavelengths
are used with multimode fibers and 1300 and 1550 wavelengths are used with single-mode
fibers. Generally, longer wavelengths should be used for cable lengths over
3 km (1.75 miles) because longer wavelengths exhibit less attenuation than shorter
wavelengths. Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Coarse Wave Division
Multiplexing (CWDM) transmitters use multiple wavelengths; the flux budget should
be based on the wavelength with the greatest attenuation.
Center the operating wavelength on [850] [1300] [1550] nanometers (nm).
2.1.2 FO Modem Inputs and Outputs
NOTE: Match the input and output configurations to the equipment to be interconnected.
The data rate of the FO modem must exceed the data rate of the devices served.
FO modems shall accept inputs and provide outputs compatible with [TIA-232-F] [TIA-485-A] [20 mA current loop]
[T1] [10 Base-F]. Digital data rates through each link shall be [9.6 KBPS] [19.2 KBPS] [38.4 KBPS] [1.54 MBPS]
[10 MBPS].
2.2 FO TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULES
NOTE: There are several ways fiber optic transmitters and receivers can be
implemented such as:
a. The transmitter and receiver can be mounted on a logic board. The transmitter
and receiver are then an integral part of the system at the logic level.
b. The transmitter and receiver can be individual modules which are mounted
external to the logic boards. They can be powered by their own power supplies
and can communicate with the serial data ports of the logic boards at logic levels.
c. The fiber optics transmitter and receiver can be combined with interface
and control logic to form a fiber optic modem. The system field equipment can
thus communicate with the modem over a EIA 232-F serial data port.
The designer must determine where FO communication devices will be located.
In many systems, FO transmitters and receivers or modems are located in the
field equipment enclosures of the systems being supported by the FO system.
Often, these FO devices are physically mounted on circuit cards or modules.
In other cases, FO devices will have to be installed in separate enclosures
provided with the FO system. This is often the case for FO repeaters and active
star units.
FO transmitter/receiver pairs shall have signal-to-noise power ratio of 40 dB or better after photo detection
at the receiver. Transmitter power output and receiver sensitivity shall not drift more than plus or minus 2
dB over their operational life.
2.2.1 Analog FO Transmitter and Receiver Modules
FO transmitter/receiver pairs used to pass analog video signals shall accept inputs and provide outputs that
comply with CEA 170 and shall have a bandwidth of 6 MHz or greater.
2.2.2 Digital FO Transmitter and Receiver Modules
FO transmitter/receiver pairs used to pass digital signals shall accept inputs and provide outputs compatible
with [TIA-232-F] [TIA-485-A] [20 mA current loop] [T1] [10 Base-F]. Digital data rates through each link shall
be [9.6 KBPS] [19.2 KBPS] [38.4 KBPS] [1.54 MBPS] [10 MBPS]. House FO transmitter and receiver modules [in field
equipment enclosures where possible] [in new enclosures] [as shown]. FO transmitter and receiver modules shall
be compatible with each other, the FO cable, and connectors.
2.2.3 FO Transmitter Module
The FO transmitter module shall accept electronic signals and modulate a light source. Couple the light source
into an FO cable. Center the operating wavelength on [850] [1300] [1550] [850 and 1300] [1300 and 1550] nanometers.
2.2.4 FO Receiver Module
The FO receiver module shall receive light from the FO cable and convert this light into an electronic signal
identical to the electronic signal applied to the FO transmitter module. The operating wavelength shall be the
same as the transmitter.
2.3 FO DIGITAL REPEATERS
Use FO digital repeaters to extend the range of the FO data transmission system when necessary to meet the requirements
of paragraph SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. For simplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of an FO receiver connected
to an FO transmitter. For Duplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of a pair of FO receivers that are connected
to a pair of FO transmitters. The FO receivers shall receive the optical signal and drive the transmitters.
The transmitters shall regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. The FO repeater shall
be mechanically and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system.
2.4 FO ANALOG REPEATERS
Use FO analog repeaters to extend the range of the FO data transmission system when necessary to meet the requirements
of the paragraph SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. For simplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of an FO receiver connected
to an FO transmitter. For duplex circuits, the repeater shall consist of a pair of FO receivers that are connected
to a pair of FO transmitters. The FO receivers shall receive the optical signal and drive the transmitters.
The transmitters shall regenerate the optical signal in compliance with CEA 170. The FO repeater shall be mechanically
and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system.
2.5 TRANSCEIVERS FOR VIDEO APPLICATIONS
FO Transceivers shall allow bi-directional signal transmission on a single fiber. The operating wavelength in
one direction shall be 1300/850 nanometers, while in the opposite direction it shall be 850/1300 nanometers.
Crosstalk attenuation between channels shall be 40 dB or greater. Select FO transceivers to match or exceed
the highest data rate of attached input devices. The FO transceiver shall be mechanically and optically compatible
with the remainder of the FO system.
2.6 TRANSCEIVERS FOR LAN APPLICATIONS
NOTE: Designer will use the transceivers for ESS or UMCS systems which use
a LAN topology for communication.
Transceivers for FO LAN applications shall be active units, compatible with the LAN cards, modems and repeaters
used in the system. Indicators provided shall be for power, collision detection, receive, transmit, and status.
Derive power for transceivers from the Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) port of LAN equipment or from a dedicated
power supply. Transceiver loss characteristics shall be less than 1.0 db. Connectors shall be low loss and
compatible with LAN equipment. Include circuitry so when a device is disconnected, other devices on the LAN
continue to operate without any disruption.
2.7 FO SWITCHES
NOTE: Designer will show FO switches and designate latching or nonlatching
on contract drawings.
FO switches shall be single pole, double throw. Switching speed shall be less than 15 milliseconds. Insertion
loss shall be less than 1.5 dB. Crosstalk attenuation between FO outputs shall be 40 dB or greater. FO switches
shall be latching or nonlatching as shown.
2.8 FO SPLITTER/COMBINER
FO splitter/combiner units shall provide full-duplex communications in a multi-point configuration. Each unit
shall have one input port module and up to four output port modules. FO splitter/combiner units shall be mechanically
and optically compatible with the remainder of the FO system. The splitter/combiner shall allow a mixed configuration
of port module operating wavelengths and single-mode or multimode FO cables. Each port module shall have a separate
FO cable input and output. Connect port modules using an electronic data bus. Port module FO transmitters shall
regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. Rack mount port modules in a 483 mm 19 inch
rack complying with CEA-310-E. The total propagation delay through the splitter/combiner shall be less than
100 nanoseconds.
2.9 FIBER OPTIC DIGITAL REPEATERS (FODR)
FODRs shall combine the features specified for Fiber Optic Digital Repeaters and Local Area Network (LAN) transceivers.
FODRs shall regenerate the optical signal at the transmission rate specified. The FODRs shall be mechanically
and optically compatible with the remainder of the Fiber Optic System. FODRs shall restore the optical signals
amplitude, timing and waveform. The FODR shall provide an electrical interface to the transmission media. The
electrical interface shall be identical to all other network interfaces as specified.
2.10 DATA TRANSMISSION CONVERTER
Use data transmission converters to connect equipment using TIA-485-A data transmission when necessary and as
shown. Converters shall operate full duplex and support two wire circuits at speeds up to 2 megabytes per second
and have a built in 120 Ohm terminating resistor. Converters shall be mechanically, electrically, and optically
compatible with the system.
2.11 ENCLOSURES
NOTE: If all FO devices will be located in enclosures of other systems, then
paragraph ENCLOSURES can be deleted. Otherwise, paragraph ENCLOSURES must remain
and enclosure locations must be shown on the drawings.
Enclosures shall conform to the requirements of NEMA 250 for the types specified. Finish color shall be the
manufacturer's standard, unless otherwise indicated. Repair and refinish damaged surfaces using original type
finish.
2.11.1 Interior
Enclosures installed indoors shall meet the requirements of NEMA 250 Type 12 or as shown.
2.11.2 Exterior
NOTE: For exterior applications where corrosive environments exist, Type 4X
will be specified. Type 4X metallic enclosures should be used for security
applications where physical hardening is required.
Enclosures installed outdoors shall meet the requirements of NEMA 250 Type 4 unless otherwise specified or shown.
2.11.3 Corrosive Environment
NOTE: Show corrosive locations on the drawings.
Enclosures in a corrosive environment shall meet the requirements of NEMA 250, Type 4X.
2.11.4 Hazardous Environment
Enclosures in a hazardous environment shall be installed and shall meet the requirements as specified in paragraph
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS.
2.12 TAMPER AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION PROVISIONS
NOTE: Tamper and physical protection provisions are only required for FO system
applications involving security systems such as IDS, ESS or CCTV. This requirement
should be deleted for all other applications. Generally, security screws are
preferred over tack welding or brazing because the enclosure surface protection
is not damaged.
Enclosures and fittings of every description having hinged doors or removable covers that contain the FO circuits,
connections, splices, or power supplies, shall be provided with cover-operated, corrosion-resistant tamper switches,
arranged to initiate an alarm signal when the door or cover is moved. Mechanically mount tamper switches to
maximize the defeat time when enclosure covers are opened or removed. The enclosure and the tamper switch shall
function together to not allow direct line of sight to any internal components and tampering with the switch
or the circuits before the switch activates. Tamper switches shall be inaccessible until the switch is activated;
have mounting hardware concealed so that the location of the switch cannot be observed from the exterior of the
enclosure; be connected to circuits which are under electrical supervision at all times, irrespective of the
protection mode in which the circuit is operating; shall be spring-loaded and held in the closed position by
the door cover; and shall be wired so that they break the circuit when the door or cover is disturbed. Tamper
switches located in enclosures which must be opened to make routine maintenance adjustments to the system and
to service the power supplies shall be push/pull-set, automatic reset type.
2.12.1 Enclosure Covers
Covers of pull and junction boxes provided to facilitate installation of the system need not be provided with
tamper switches if they contain no splices, connections or power supplies, but shall be protected by [security
screws] [tack welding or brazing] to hold the covers in place. Affix zinc labels to such boxes indicating they
contain no connections. These labels shall not indicate that the box is part of a security system. Clean and
repair damage to the enclosure or its cover's surface protection using the same type of surface protection as
the original enclosure. Secure conduit enclosures constructed of fiberglass with tamper proof security servers.
2.12.2 Conduit-Enclosure Connections
NOTE: Tamper and physical protection provisions are only required for FO system
applications involving security systems such as IDS, ESS, or CCTV. Delete this
requirement for all other applications.
Protect conduit enclosure connections by tack welding or brazing the conduit to the enclosure. Do tack welding
or brazing in addition to standard conduit-enclosure connection methods as described in NFPA 70. Clean and repair
any damage to the enclosure or its cover's surface protection using the same type of surface protection as the
original enclosure. Secure conduit enclosures constructed of fiberglass with tamper proof security screws.
2.12.3 Locks and Key-Lock-Operated Switches
NOTE: Either round key or conventional key type locks as defined in this specification
are acceptable. Selection should be based on hardware availability at the time
of design and the requirement for matching locks currently in use at the site.
If the locks do not have to be matched to locks in use at the site, and the
designer has no preference as to lock type, all brackets may be removed.
2.12.3.1 Locks
Locks required to be installed on system enclosures for maintenance purposes shall be UL listed, [round key type,
with three dual, one mushroom, and three plain pin tumblers] [or] [conventional key type lock having a combination
of five cylinder pin and five-point three position side bar]. Stamp keys U.S. GOVT. DO NOT DUP. Arrange the
locks so that the key can only be withdrawn when in the locked position. Key all maintenance locks alike and
furnish only two keys for all of these locks.
2.12.3.2 Key-Lock-Operated Switches
Key-lock-operated switches required to be installed on system components shall be UL listed, [with three dual,
one mushroom, and three plain pin tumblers,] [or] [conventional key type lock having a combination of five cylinder
pin and five-point three position side bar]. Stamp keys U.S. GOVT. DO NOT DUP. Key-lock-operated switches shall
be two position, with the key removable in either position. Key all key-lock-operated switches differently and
furnish only two keys for each key-lock-operated switch.
2.13 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
2.13.1 Signal Transmission Format Code
NOTE: Different FO systems may use different modulation methods and codes.
For example, the digital signal may turn the light source on or off, it may
use frequency shift keying, or it may cause the intensity to shift between two
preset levels. Likewise, the code can be the simple NRZ (non-return to zero),
or it can be the more complex and efficient RZ (return to zero) code, such as
the Manchester code. The modulation method can be important to bandwidth limited
systems since some methods required twice the bandwidth of other methods for
transmitting the same data.
FO equipment shall use the same transmission code format from the beginning of a circuit to the end of that circuit.
Different transmission code formats may be used for different circuits as required to interconnect supported
equipment.
2.13.2 Flux Budget/Gain Margin
NOTE: The flux budget calculations for each FO link are used to determine if
the gain margin designed into the link is large enough to allow for splicing
of broken fibers and aging effects. The flux budget is the power difference
between the transmitter output power and the receiver input power for a given
bit error rate.
This power is usually measured in dBm (i.e. referenced to 1 milliwatt) and is
an absolute measurement. LED transmitter output power is typically between
-10 and -18 dBm. Positive Intrinsic Negative (PIN) receivers with pre-amplifiers
have a power input typically between -24 and -37 dBm. Using the flux budget,
the link designer can determine the total losses the system links can have and
still work properly.
The flux budget is divided into components. The components are the real losses
in the system and the gain margin. The real losses consist of all the system
losses such as cable attenuation, coupling and splicing losses. The gain margin
is a reserve for future losses, such as aging and future splices. System losses
and the gain margin are usually measured in dB and are a relative measurement.
The receiver dynamic range is the range of input power that can be successfully
detected by the receiver (also referred to as the maximum and minimum optical
input power). The variables that can influence the flux budget include changing
the transmitter power output, the receiver sensitivity, the imposed signal wavelength
and system losses. Allow 3 dB for aging and 3 dB for each cable repair for
a total margin of not less than 6 dB. Different wavelengths exhibit different
cable attenuation; thus for links that use DWDM or DWDM, the flux budget should
be determined using the cable attenuation and connector losses for the wavelength
with greater loss (which is usually the shorter wavelength).
FO links shall have a minimum gain margin of 6 dB. The flux budget is the difference between the transmitter
output power and the receiver input power required for signal discrimination when both are expressed in dBm.
The flux budget shall be equal to the sum of losses (such as insertion losses, connector and splice losses, and
transmission losses) plus the gain margin. When a repeater or other signal regenerating device is inserted to
extend the length of an FO circuit, both the circuit between the transmitter and the repeater-receiver, and the
circuit between the repeater-transmitter and the receiver are considered independent FO links for gain margin
calculations.
2.13.3 Receiver Dynamic Range
The dynamic range of receivers shall be large enough to accommodate both the worst-case, minimum receiver flux
density and the maximum possible, receiver flux density. The receiver dynamic range shall be at least 15 dB.
Where required, use optical attenuators to force the FO link power to fall within the receiver dynamic range.
2.14 OPTICAL FIBERS
NOTE: FO systems use one or two fibers for each full duplex FO link. In the
two-fiber links data flows only in one direction in each fiber. DWM and CWM
systems often use one fiber for each full duplex FO link in which differing
wavelengths travel in opposite directions on one fiber. In some cases, such
as sending sync and receiving video from long distances, bi-directional transmission
on one fiber is desired. Shorter wavelengths generally have greater attenuation;
loss budgets should be based on the wavelength with the greater attenuation.
2.14.1 General
Coat optical fibers with a suitable material to preserve the intrinsic strength of the glass. The outside diameter
of the glass-cladded fiber shall be nominally 125 microns, and shall be concentric with the fiber core. Optical
fibers shall meet TIA-455-46A, and TIA-455-177-B.
2.14.2 50 Micron Multimode Fibers
Conductors shall be multimode, graded index, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 50 microns.
The fiber shall have transmission windows centered at 850 and 1300 nanometer wavelengths. The numerical aperture
for each fiber shall be a minimum of 0.20. The attenuation at 850 nanometers shall be 3.5 dB/Km or less. The
attenuation at 1300 nanometers shall be 1.5 dB/Km or less. The minimum bandwidth shall be 500 MHz-Km at both
transmission windows. Certify the fibers to meet TIA TIA/EIA-455-204 and TIA-455-58-B.
2.14.3 62.5 Micron Multimode Fibers
Conductors shall be multimode, graded index, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 62.5 microns.
The fiber shall have transmission windows centered at 850 and 1300 nanometer wavelengths. The numerical aperture
for each fiber shall be a minimum of 0.275. The attenuation at 850 nanometers shall be 3.5 dB/Km or less. The
attenuation at 1300 nanometers shall be 1.5 dB/Km or less. The minimum bandwidth shall be 160 MHz-Km at 850
nanometers and 500 MHz-Km at 1300 nanometers. Certify FO cable to meet TIA TIA/EIA-455-204 and TIA-455-58-B.
2.14.4 8.3 Micron Single-Mode Fibers
NOTE: Single-mode FO DTS offer larger bandwidth, and lesser attenuation, usually
at greater system cost than multimode FO DTS. Single-mode FO DTS will only
be used when the designer determines that large bandwidth or low attenuation
links warrant the single-mode FO DTS.
Conductors shall be single-mode, solid glass waveguides with a nominal core diameter of 8.3 microns. The fiber
shall have a transmission windows centered at 1310 and 1550 nanometer wavelengths. The numerical aperture for
each optical fiber shall be a minimum of 0.10. The attenuation for inside cable at 1310 and 1550 nanometers
shall be 1.0 dB/Km or less. The attenuation for outside cable at 1310 and 1550 nanometers shall be 0.5 dB/Km
or less. Certify the fibers to meet EIA/TIA-455-170.
2.15 CROSS-CONNECTS
2.15.1 Patch Panels
NOTE: Show cross-connect or interconnect configuration on the drawings.
Patch panels shall be a complete system of components by a single manufacturer, and shall provide termination,
splice storage, routing, radius limiting, cable fastening, storage, and cross-connection. Patch panel connectors
and couplers shall be the same type and configuration as used elsewhere in the system. Patch panels shall be
[a 480 mm 19 inch rack mount type] [wall mounted] [as shown].
2.15.2 Patch Cords
Patch cords shall be cable assemblies consisting of factory connector-terminated flexible optical fiber cable
with connectors of the same type as used elsewhere in the system. Optical fiber shall be the same type as used
elsewhere in the system. Patch cords shall be complete assemblies from manufacturer's standard products.
2.16 CABLE CONSTRUCTION
NOTE: Either tight-buffer or loose-tube cable construction can be used. The
loose tube construction is more appropriate where the cable is subject to thermal
expansion. This would include outdoor aerial and long distance runs over 1
Km (0.62 mile). In multistory buildings or locations where the cable is installed
vertically and will not experience significant temperature variations, use tight-buffer
cables.
2.16.1 General
The cable shall contain a minimum of two fiber optic fibers for each link circuit. The number of fibers in each
cable shall be [_____] [as shown]. Protect each fiber by a protective tube. Cables shall have a jacketed strength
member, and an exterior jacket. Cable and fiber protective covering shall be free from holes, splits, blisters,
and other imperfections. All interior cables' insulation and jacketing material shall not contain any poly vinyl
chloride (PVC) compounds. The covering shall be flame retardant, moisture resistant, non-nutrient to fungus,
ultraviolet light resistant as specified and nontoxic. Do not transmit mechanical stress present in cable to
the optical fibers. Strength members shall be non-metallic and shall be an integral part of the cable construction.
The combined strength of all the strength members shall be sufficient to support the stress of installation and
to protect the cable in service. The exterior cables shall have a minimum storage temperature range of minus
40 to plus 75 degrees C minus 104 to plus 167 degrees F. Interior cables shall have a minimum storage temperature
of minus 10 to plus 75 degrees C plus 14 to plus 167 degrees F. All optical fiber cables and all optical fiber
raceways furnished shall meet the requirement of NFPA 70. Fire resistant characteristics of optical fiber cables
and optical fiber raceways shall conform to Article 770, Sections 49, 50, and 51. Apply a flooding compound
into the interior of the fiber tubes, into the interstitial spaces between the tubes, to the core covering, and
between the core covering and jacket of all cable to be installed aerially, underground, and in locations susceptible
to moisture. Flooded cables shall comply with TIA/EIA-455-81B and TIA-455-82B. Cables shall be from the same
manufacturer, of the same cable type, of the same size, and of the same optical characteristics. Each fiber
and protective coverings shall be continuous with no factory splices. Fiber optic cable assemblies, including
jacketing and fibers, shall be certified by the manufacturer to have a minimum life of 30 years. Cables shall
meet UL 1666. Certify FO cable to meet the following: TIA-455-13-A, TIA/EIA-455-25C, TIA/EIA-455-41A, TIA-455-47B
, TIA-455-78, TIA/EIA-455-88, TIA-455-91, TIA-455-104-A, and TIA/EIA-455-171-A.
2.16.2 Exterior Cable
2.16.2.1 Aerial Cable
Surround the optical fibers by a tube buffer, contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide
clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and extruded from a material having a coefficient of
friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement.
a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material containing at least 2.6 percent
carbon black with only black pigment added for additional coloring.
b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons
608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load.
c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7 lbs/in as
a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 psi as a minimum.
2.16.2.2 Duct Cable
Surround the optical fibers by a tube buffer, contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide
clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and extruded from a material having a coefficient of
friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement.
a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material with orange pigment added for
ease of identification.
b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons
608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load.
c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7 lbs/in as
a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 psi as a minimum.
2.16.2.3 Direct Burial Cable
Surround the optical fibers by a tube buffer, contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide
clearance between the fibers and inside of the container, and extruded from a material having a coefficient of
friction sufficiently low to allow the fiber free movement.
a. The cable outer jacket shall be medium density polyethylene material containing at least 2.6 percent
carbon black with only black pigment added for additional coloring.
b. Tensile strength: Cables shall withstand an installation tensile load of not less than 2700 Newtons
608 pounds and not less than 600 Newtons 135 pounds continuous tensile load.
c. Impact and Crush resistance: The cables shall withstand an impact of 3 Newton-meters 1.7 lbs/in as
a minimum, and shall have a crush resistance of 220 Newtons per square centimeter 317 psi as a minimum.
d. Protect direct burial cable with plastic coated steel armor. Apply the plastic coated steel armor
longitudinally directly over an inner jacket and have an overlap of 5 mm 0.20 inch minimum. Armoring
materials shall provide corrosion protection from local environmental/soil conditions over the projected
life of the cable.
2.16.3 Interior Cable
a. Loose buffer tube cable construction shall be such that the optical fibers shall be surrounded by
a tube buffer, and contained in a channel or otherwise loosely packaged to provide clearance between
the fibers and the inside of the container to allow for thermal expansions without constraining the fiber.
Extrude the protective container from a material having a coefficient of friction sufficiently low to
allow the fiber free movement. The cable outer jacket shall be fluorocopolymer (FCP), which complies
with NFPA 70 for optical fiber nonconductive plenum (OFNP) applications. Do not exceed the manufacturers'
recommended values for tensile strength, impact resistance, and crush resistance. Interior cables' insulation
and jacketing material shall not contain any poly vinyl chloride (PVC) compounds.
b. Tight buffer tube cable construction shall be extrusion of plastic over each cladded fiber, with an
outer jacket of FCP, which complies with NFPA 70 for optical fiber nonconductive riser (OFNR) requirements
for riser cables and vertical shaft installations. Cover optical fibers in near contact with an extrusion
tube and an intermediate soft buffer to allow for the thermal expansions and minor pressures. Do not
exceed manufacturers' recommended values for tensile strength, impact resistance, and crush resistance.
Interior cables' insulation and jacketing material shall not contain any poly vinyl chloride (PVC) compounds.
2.16.4 Pigtail Cables
Cable used for connections to equipment shall be flexible fiber pigtail cables having the same physical and operational
characteristics as the parent cable. The cable jacket shall be FCP, which complies with NFPA 70 for OFNP applications.
Maximum dB loss for pigtail cable shall be 3.5 dB/km at 850 nanometers, and 1.0 dB/km at 1300 nanometers, and
[_____] dB/Km at 1550 nanometers.
2.17 FO CONNECTORS
NOTE: Available FO connector types include, but are not limited to, FC, SC,
Duplex SE (568SC), ST, Duplex ST, LC, Duplex LC, ESCON, FDDI, and MT-RJ. Equipment
manufacturers may offer both a manufacturer's standard termination connector
type and also an optional termination connector type or types as available on
a specific equipment component, whereas some equipment may only be available
with one termination connector type (as an example, one manufacturer offers
a choice of either ST, SC, or FC connectors on a specific FO transceiver).
For equipment additions to existing installation, the installed base of legacy
systems may suggest use of a certain type of connector be continued and to be
used for new equipment. Alternatively, use of hybrid adapters or hybrid cables,
will allow the use of cables with different connector types on opposite cable
ends to permit the cable connectors to be compatible with the equipment termination
connectors. Connectors with a pull-proof feature are preferable, especially
for patch cords.
Nominal and maximum connector pair losses vary by connector type, by manufacturer,
and by cable type (e.g., multimode or single mode). Nominal connector pair
loss of 0.3 dB, and maximum connector pair loss of 0.5 dB are common for older
types of FO connectors. Small form factor types and newer connector types may
offer lesser nominal and lesser maximum loss value.
FO connectors shall be field installable, self-aligning and centering. FO connectors shall match the fiber core
and cladding diameters. Provide FO cable connectors at field equipment [of the type to match the field equipment
connectors] [of type [_____]] [as shown]. Provide FO connectors at terminal head end equipment [of the type
to match terminal head equipment connectors] [of type [_____]] [as shown]. Connector insertion loss shall be
nominally 0.3 dB and maximum loss shall be less than 0.7 dB.
2.18 MECHANICAL SPLICES
Mechanical splices shall be suitable for installation in the field. External power sources shall not be required
to complete a mechanical splice. Mechanical splices shall be self-aligning for optimum signal coupling. Do
not use mechanical splices for exterior applications where they may be buried underground or laced to aerial
messenger cables. Mechanical splices may be used for interior locations and within enclosures. Splice closures
shall protect the spliced fibers from moisture and prevent physical damage. The splice closure shall provide
strain relief for the cable and the fibers at the splice points.
2.19 FUSION SPLICES
The fusion splicer shall be portable, fully automatic, and compact. It shall be suitable for fusion splicing
all types of telecommunication grade optical fibers and individual fibers as well as cables containing multiple
optical fibers. The fusion splicer shall be capable of operation under various environmental conditions (e.g.,
temperature, humidity, altitude, etc.) for all types of optical cable deployments. The fusion splicer shall
be craft friendly and operation shall require only minimal training. Automatic splicing software shall be available
to remove operator and environmental dependence from the splicing process. Design the controls of the fusion
splicer in accordance with ergonomic considerations. Start the automatic splicing process by pressing one button
and can be interrupted at any time. Alternatively, semi-automatic (step-by-step) or manual splicing shall be
available by menu selection. Conduct communication with the fusion splicer through a language unspecific keyboard
with universal symbols and display the dialogue with the splicer on the device screen.
2.20 CONDUIT, FITTINGS AND ENCLOSURES
Conduit, fittings, and enclosures shall be as specified in Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, and
as shown.
2.21 FAN-OUT KITS
NOTE: Fan-out kits (also referred to as providing buffer tube fan-out kits,
or furcating harnesses, or furcation kits, or installing furcating tubes) will
be provided for terminating all loose-tube optical fibers (i.e., optical fibers
with 250 micron outside diameter) and will additionally incorporate strain relief
if the connectorization is not contained within a patch panel. Fan-out kits
with furcating tubes are typically not used for tight-buffered (e.g., 900 micron
outside diameter) optical fibers which have the connectorization contained within
a patch panel. Fan-out kits with strain relief furcating tubes are appropriate
for field connectorization of tight-buffered optical fibers when the termination
is not contained within a patch panel.
For all loose-tube optical fibers, furnish and install fan-out kits using furcating tubes for connectorization.
Loose-tube optical fiber furcating tubes shall incorporate strain relief if the connectorization is not contained
within a protective enclosure such as a patch panel. For tight-buffered optical fibers, furnish and install
fan-out kits using furcating tubes and which incorporate strain relief, if the connectorization is not contained
within a protective enclosure such as a patch panel. Furcating tubes required to incorporate strain relief shall
provide increased pullout protection and comprised of an inner tube, surrounded by a layer of nonconductive strength
members, then surrounded by an enclosing outer jacket layer. [Color code fan-out kits to match the industry
fiber color scheme.] Length of furcating tube shall be [610] [915] mm [24] [36] inches minimum when installation
is complete. Rate fan-out kits for the ambient conditions of the location in which installed as specified in
paragraph Environmental Requirements. Provide terminations for each fiber, regardless whether fiber is active
or spare.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
Install system components and appurtenances in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and as shown.
Provide interconnections, services, and adjustments required for a complete and operable data transmission system.
3.1.1 Interior Work
NOTE: DTS cable should not be used for, or routed through, Sensitive Compartmented
Information Facilities (SCIFs). The designer will not show any DTS cable routed
through a SCIF. The designer should check DCID 1/21 for further direction.
Install conduits, tubing and cable trays for interior FO cable as specified in Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM and as shown. Cable installation and applications shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70, Article 770,
Sections 52 and 53. Cables not installed in conduits or wireways shall be properly supported, secured, and neat
in appearance, and if installed in plenums or other spaces used for environmental air, shall comply with NFPA 70
requirements for this type of installation.
3.1.2 Exterior Work, Aerial
NOTE: Aerial cable should be installed on existing poles where height, clearance,
and structure loading allow addition of cables. Where this is not possible,
requirements for new poles must be shown on drawings. Installations will comply
with IEEE C2 for Grade B construction and NFPA 70. Designer must coordinate
with facility personnel for ground clearance and establish clearances to be
shown on the drawings.
The designer will verify local electrical installation requirements to determine
if new grounding conductors and electrodes are required at each messenger cable
ground connection and will select the first, or second, or both bracketed entries
as determined to be necessary.
Common lashing machines provide 1 turn per 380 linear mm (1 turn per 15 linear
inches) in a single pass, which is acceptable for locations where loading due
to weather conditions is moderate. Other locations may require multiple passes
with the lashing machine.
Percent values stated below for messenger rated breaking strength are based
upon overload factors that apply to Grade B construction. If the aerial electrical
distribution system construction is a lesser grade (e.g., Grade C, Grade N,
or not graded) differing values will be provided by the designer in accordance
with NESC and actual requirements.
Except as otherwise specified, install poles and associated aerial hardware for an overhead FO cable system as
specified in Section 33 71 01 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION, as specified herein, and as shown.
a. Furnish and install a messenger system meeting the requirements of IEEE C2 to support aerial cables.
The messenger system shall include all messenger support and attachment hardware and appurtenances needed
to install the messenger. Messenger tension due to combined ice and wind loading on the messenger with
supported cables shall not exceed 60 percent of the messenger rated breaking strength. Messenger tension
due to extreme wind loading on the messenger with supported cables shall not exceed 80 percent of the
messenger rated breaking strength. Messenger support and attachment hardware shall have rated strength
not less than the messenger rated breaking strength. Size all messenger support and attachment hardware
and appurtenances to exceed the rated breaking strength of the messenger cable. Messenger cables shall
be galvanized zinc coated steel or aluminum clad steel.
b. Ground the messenger cables at all corners, dead ends, at the entrance to each facility, and at intervals
not exceeding 305 meters 1000 feet. [Provide new grounding conductors and electrodes at each ground
connection.] [Where grounding connections are made in the vicinity of existing grounding conductors
and electrodes, the grounding connection may be made by a bolted or welded connection to the existing
grounding conductor.]
c. Aerial FO cables shall meet the horizontal, vertical and climbing space clearances prescribed in IEEE C2
and those of the installation.
d. Provide transitions from aerial cable to underground cable as specified in Section 33 71 01 OVERHEAD
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION and as shown.
e. Splices in aerial cable shall be within 1 meter 3 feet of a pole and placed inside a watertight enclosure.
Form drip loops at the cable entrance to the enclosure. Place lashing clamps within 300 mm 12 inches
of the enclosure.
f. Form loops in the aerial cables at points of connection and at poles to prevent damage from thermal
stress and wind loading. Protect the communications cable from chafing and physical damage with the
use of spiral cut tubing and PVC tape, or plastic sleeves. The ground clearance of installed cabling
shall be as shown.
g. Vertically run cable and when possible use gravity to assist in cable pulling. Pull cable from top
of run to bottom of run. Cable shall be hand pull if possible. If machine assistance is required, monitor
tension using dynamometers or load-cell instruments and do not exceed specified cable tension limits.
After installation, relieve the vertical tension on the cable at maximum intervals of 30 meters 100 feet
using a split support grip.
h. Wind lashing wire tightly around both the communication cable and the messenger cable by machine methods.
The lashing wire shall have a minimum of 1 turn per 380 linear mm1 turn per 15 linear inches and not
less than the number of turns per unit length that is recommended by the cable manufacturer for the distance
between cable support points and the combined ice and wind loading and extreme wind loading specified
or normally encountered loading for the installed location. Place lashing clamps at all poles and splices.
i. Ground conductors shall be soft drawn copper, having a current capacity of at least 20 percent of
that of the messenger to which it is connected. Ground conductors shall not be smaller than No. 6 AWG.
Connect the ground conductor to a copper or copper clad steel ground rod not less than 19.1 mm 3/4 inch
in diameter, and length shall be as needed to achieve the specified ground resistance. After installation
is completed, the top of the ground rod shall be approximately 300 mm 1 foot) below finished grade.
Protect the ground conductorwith half-round wood, plastic, or fiber molding from the ground to a point
at least 2.4 m 8 feet above the ground. Measure ground resistance in normally dry conditions, not less
than 48 hours after a rainfall, and the total ground resistance shall not exceed [25] [_____] ohms.
j. Design Parameters
NOTE: The designer will include the data listing the loading conditions, including
radial thickness of ice, horizontal wind pressure, and temperature, for both
combined ice and wind loading and extreme wind loading encountered at the project
site.
The ice and wind loading conditions to be encountered at this installation are as follows:
aa. Combined ice and wind loading:
(1) Radical thickness of ice [_____] mm in
(2) Horizontal wind pressure [_____] Pa psf
(3) Temperature [_____] degrees C degrees F
(4) Constant to be added to the resultant [_____] N/m lb/ft
bb. Extreme wind loading:
(1) Velocity pressure exposure coefficient, wire [_____]
(2) Basic wind speed [_____] m/s mi/h
(3) Temperature 15 degrees C 60 degrees F
(4) Gust response factor, wire [1.0] [_____]
(5) Importance factor [1.0] [_____]
(6) Shape factor [1.0] [_____]
3.1.3 Exterior Work Underground
NOTE: For UMCS ESS or IDS projects, the designer will provide transition details
in the drawings based on the details shown in UMCS/EMCS or IDS Typical Drawings
and/or Standards installation Details.
Except as otherwise specified, install conduits, ducts, and manholes for underground FO cable systems as specified
in Section 33 70 02.00 10 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, UNDERGROUND and as shown.
a. Minimum burial depth for cable shall be 760 mm 30 inches, but not less than the depth of the frost
line. Burial depth specified shall take precedence over any requirements specified elsewhere.
b. Where direct burial cable will pass under sidewalks, roads, or other paved areas, place the cable
in a 25 mm 1 inch zinc-coated rigid coated conduit or larger as required to limit conduit fill to 80
percent or less. Conduit may be installed by jacking or trenching, as approved.
c. Place buried cables below a plastic warning tape buried in the same trench or slot. The warning tape
shall be 300 mm 12 inches above the cable. Continuously imprint the warning tape with the words "WARNING
- COMMUNICATIONS CABLE BELOW" at not more than 1.2 m 48 inch intervals. The warning tape shall be acid
and alkali resistant polyethylene film, 76.2 mm 3 inches wide with a minimum thickness of 0.1 mm 0.004
inch. Warning tape shall have a minimum strength of 12066 kPa 1750 psi lengthwise and 10342 kPa 1500
psi crosswise.
d. Transitions from underground cable to aerial cable shall be as specified in paragraph CONNECTIONS
BETWEEN AERIAL AND UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS in Section 33 71 01 OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION and
as shown.
e. For cables installed in ducts and conduit, use a cable lubricant compatible with the cable sheathing
material on all cables pulled. Attach pulling fixtures to the cable strength members. If indirect attachments
are used, match the grip diameter and length to the cable diameter and characteristics. If an indirect
attachment is used on cables having only central strength members, reduce the pulling forces to ensure
that the fibers are not damaged from forces being transmitted to the strength member. During pulling
the cable pull line tension shall be continuously monitored using dynamometers or load-cell instruments,
and shall not exceed the maximum tension specified by the cable manufacturer. The mechanical stress
placed upon the cable during installation shall be such that the cable is not twisted or stretched.
Use a cable feeder guide between the cable reel and the face of the duct or conduit to protect the cable
and guide it into the duct or conduit as it is unspooled from the reel. As the cable is unspooled from
the reel, inspect it for jacket defects or damage. Do not kink or crush the cable and the minimum bend
radius of the cable shall not be exceeded during installation. Hand feed and guide cable through each
manhole and apply additional lubricant at all intermediate manholes. When practicable, use the center
pulling technique to lower pulling tension. That is, pull the cable from the center point of the cable
run towards the end termination points. The method may require the cable to be pulled in successive
pulls. If the cable is pulled out of a junction box or manhole the cable shall be protected from dirt
and moisture by laying the cable on a ground covering.
3.1.4 Service Loops
Each fiber optic cable shall have service loops of not less than 3 meters 9.8 feet in length at each end. House
the service loops in a service loop enclosure.
3.1.5 Metallic Sheath Grounding
NOTE: Direct burial cables with metallic sheath will not be installed when
transmission of electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference
(RFI) through the metallic sheath is a consideration.
Ground fiber optic cable with metallic sheath that enter buildings at a point as close as practical to the building
point of entrance. Fiber optic cable with metallic sheath routed in the trench with a power cable shall have
the metallic sheath grounded at the cable termination points.
3.1.6 Splices
NOTE: Maximum splice loss values per ANSI/TIA/EIA-568B are 0.3 dB for fusion
splices, and 0.3 dB for mechanical splices. These maximum loss values are considered
larger loss values than can be provided by many manufacturers and installers.
The designer will specify lesser loss values when the design and link loss budget
require lesser values.
3.1.6.1 General
No splices will be permitted unless the length of cable being installed exceeds the maximum standard cable length
available from a manufacturer or unless fiber optic pigtails are used to connect transmitters, receivers, or
other system components for terminations to the fiber. Make splices using the method recommended by the cable
manufacturer. House splices in a splice enclosure and encapsulate with an epoxy, ultraviolet light cured splice
encapsulant or otherwise protected against infiltration of moisture or contaminants. Field test FO splices at
the time of splicing. Fusion splices shall have nominal splice loss of [0.15] [_____] dB for multimode and for
single mode cable fusion splices and shall have maximum fusion splice loss not more than 0.3 dB loss.
3.1.6.2 Mechanical Splices
Mechanical splices shall have nominal splice loss of [0.15] [_____] for multimode fiber mechanical splices and
[0.2] [_____] dB for single mode fiber mechanical splices and shall have maximum mechanical splice loss not more
than [0.3] [_____] dB loss for multimode and for single mode fiber mechanical splices. There shall be no more
than 1 splice per km 0.62 mile in any of the FO cables excluding terminations. Locate field splices in cable
boxes. Provide sufficient cable in each splicing location to properly rack and splice the cables, and to provide
extra cable for additional splices. Protect cable ends with end caps except during actual splicing. During
the splicing operations, provide means to protect the unspliced portions of the cable and its fibers from the
intrusion of moisture and other foreign matter.
3.1.7 Connectors
NOTE: Maximum connector pair losses per ANSI/TIA/EIA-568B are provided in the
first bracketed entry and are considered larger than connector pair losses that
can be achieved by many manufacturers and installers. The designer will specify
lesser loss values when the design and link loss budget requires lesser values.
The designer will confirm with two manufacturers minimum, that the lesser connector
pair loss value can be achieved for the connector type and fiber (i.e., multimode
or single mode) type.
Prior to and during installation of connectors, appropriate cleaning should be performed to ensure that any contaminant
particulates larger than 0.06 micron in size are removed. Connectors shall be as specified in paragraph FO CONNECTORS.
Connectors or splices which leave residue on the connector ferrule or optical connector "lens", are not permitted.
Fibers at each end of the cable shall have jumpers or pigtails installed of not less than 1 meter 3 feet in length.
Fibers at both ends of the cable shall have connectors installed on the jumpers. The mated connector pair loss
shall not exceed [0.75] [_____] dB. The pull strength between the connector and the attached fiber shall not
be less than 22.7 kg 50 pounds.
3.1.8 Identification and Labeling
Provide identification tags or labels for each cable. Markers, tags and labels shall use indelible ink or etching
which will not fade in sunlight, or in buried or underground applications. Markers, tags, and labels shall not
become brittle or deteriorate for a period of 20 years due to moisture, sunlight, soil minerals, chemicals or
other environmental elements. Label all termination blocks and panels with cable number or pair identifier for
cables in accordance with TIA/EIA-606-A and as specified. Identify the labeling format and provide a complete
record to the Government with the final documentation. Identify each cable with type of signal being carried
and termination points.
3.1.9 Enclosure Sizing and Cable
Size termination enclosures to accommodate the FO equipment to be installed. Sizing shall include sufficient
space for service loops to be provided and to accommodate a neat, workmanlike layout of equipment and the bend
radii of fibers and cables terminated inside the enclosure.
3.1.10 Enclosure Penetrations
Enclosure penetrations shall be from the bottom and sealed with rubber silicone sealant to preclude the entry
of water. Internally seal conduits rising from underground.
3.2 TESTING
NOTE: Insert the title of the appropriate system specification (such as UMCS,
IDS, ESS or CCTV).
3.2.1 General
The Contractor shall provide personnel, equipment, instrumentation, and supplies necessary to perform testing.
3.2.2 Contractor's Field Test
Verify the complete operation of the data transmission system in conjunction with field testing associated with
systems supported by the fiber optic data transmission system as specified in Section [_____] prior to formal
acceptance testing. Include a flux density test in field tests. Perform these tests on each link and repeated
from the opposite end of each link.
3.2.2.1 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Tests
Perform optical time domain reflectometer tests using the FO test procedures of TIA-455-78. Perform an optical
time domain reflectometer test on all fibers of the FO cable on the reel prior to installation. Calibrate the
optical time domain reflectometer to show anomalies of 0.2 dB as a minimum. Furnish photographs of the traces
to the Government. Perform an optical time domain reflectometer test on all fibers of the FO cable after it
is installed. Calibrate the optical time domain reflectometer to show anomalies of 0.2 dB as a minimum. If
the optical time domain reflectometer test results show anomalies greater than 1 dB, the FO cable segment is
unacceptable to the Government. Replace the unsatisfactory segments of cable with a new segment of cable. The
new segment of cable shall then be tested to demonstrate acceptability. Furnish photographs of the traces to
the Government for each link.
3.2.2.2 Power Attenuation Test
Perform power attenuation test at each light wavelength of the transmitter to be used on the circuit being tested.
Measure the flux at the FO receiver end and compare to the flux injected at the transmitter end. There shall
be a jumper added at each end of the circuit under test so that end connector loss shall be validated. Rotational
optimization of the connectors will not be permitted. If the circuit loss exceeds the calculated circuit loss
by more than 2 dB, the circuit is unsatisfactory and shall be examined to determine the problem. Notify the
Government of the problem and what procedures the Contractor proposes to eliminate the problem. The Contractor
shall prepare and submit a report documenting the results of the test.
3.2.2.3 Gain Margin Test
Test and verify that each circuit has a gain margin which exceeds the circuit loss by at least the minimum gain
margin specified in paragraph FLUX BUDGET/GAIN MARGIN.
3.2.2.4 Analog Video Signal Test
Test analog video circuits using a signal conforming to CEA 170. The monitor or automated test set shall be
stable, and shall be as described in CEA 170. If the result is unsatisfactory, examine the circuit to determine
the problem. Notify the Government of the problem and of the procedures the Contractor proposes to eliminate
the problem. The Contractor shall prepare and submit a report documenting the results of the test.
3.2.2.5 Digital Video Signal Test
Test digital video circuits using a signal conforming to CEA 170. The monitor or automated test set shall be
stable, and shall be as described in CEA 170. If the result is unsatisfactory, examine the circuit to determine
the problem. Notify the Government of the problem and of the procedures the Contractor proposes to eliminate
the problem. The Contractor shall prepare and submit a report documenting the results of the test.
3.2.2.6 Performance Verification Test and Endurance Test
NOTE: This requirement pertains only to UMCS, IDS, ESS and CCTV projects.
Test the FO data transmission system as a part of the completed [UMCS] [IDS] [ESS] [CCTV] [_____] during the
Performance Verification Test and Endurance Test.
3.3 TRAINING
3.3.1 General
The Contractor shall conduct a training course for designated personnel in the maintenance of the FO system.
Orient the training to the specific system being installed under this specification. The Contractor shall furnish
training materials and supplies.
3.3.2 System Maintenance Course
The system maintenance course shall be taught at the project site after completion of the endurance test for
a period of 1 training day. A maximum of five personnel designated by the Government will attend the course.
A training day shall be 8 hours of classroom or lab instruction, including two 15 minute breaks and excluding
lunchtime during the daytime shift in effect at the facility. Training shall include:
a. Physical layout of the system and each piece of hardware.
b. Troubleshooting and diagnostics procedures.
c. Repair instructions.
d. Preventative maintenance procedures and schedules.
e. Calibration procedures. Upon completion of this course, the students shall be fully proficient in
the maintenance of the system.