USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 11 27 (August 2008)
---------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-32 11 27 (April 2006)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 32 11 27
BITUMINOUS-STABILIZED BASE COURSE, SUBBASE, OR SUBGRADE
08/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for bituminous stabilization
of subgrades, subbases, and base courses for airfield pavements and for roads,
streets, and parking areas.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 UNIT PRICES
NOTE: These paragraphs will be deleted when lump-sum payment is desired. When
payment basis is square meters (yards) only, delete inapplicable paragraphs.
1.1.1 Measurement for Payment
1.1.1.1 Bituminous Stabilization
Measurement will be by the square meter yard of work completed and accepted.
1.1.1.2 Bituminous Material
Bituminous material to be paid for will be measured in the number of [liters gallons of the material used in
the accepted work, corrected to liters at 15 degrees C gallons at 60 degrees F in accordance with [ASTM D 633
] [ASTM D 1250]. Use a coefficient of 0.00025 per degree C F for asphalt emulsion.] [metric 2000 pound tons
of the material used in the accepted work.]
1.1.1.3 Select Material
NOTE: Reference to select material will be deleted when select material is
not required from borrow areas.
Select material will be measured by the [cubic meter yard] [metric 2000 pound ton] of material placed and used
in the completed and accepted stabilization. Measurement will not be made for select material that is wasted
or used in work determined to be defective.
1.1.2 Basis for Payment
NOTE: Reference to select material will be deleted when select material is
not required from borrow areas.
The last sentence in brackets will be deleted if sanding or dusting of the bituminous-primed
surfaces is not required or if bituminous-primed surfaces are to receive bituminous
surfacing under the contract.
Bituminous stabilization, constructed and accepted, [and the quantities of bituminous material] [and select material]
will be paid for at the respective contract unit prices. Payment will not be made for any material wasted, used
for the convenience of the Contractor, unused or rejected, or for water used. [Select material obtained from
grading and excavation operations at the project site will not be paid for under this section but will be included
for payment under other sections specifying grading and excavating.] [Separate payment will not be made for
sanding or dusting the bituminous prime-coated surfaces. Costs for sanding or dusting will be included in the
contract unit price for bituminous material.]
1.1.3 Waybills and Delivery Tickets
Submit copies of waybills or delivery tickets during the progress of the work. Before the final payment is allowed,
furnish waybills and certified delivery tickets for all bituminous materials [and select materials] used in the
construction.
1.2 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO)AASHTO M 81(1992; R 2004) Cut-Back Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)AASHTO M 82(1975; R 2004) Cut-Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)AASHTO T 193(1999; R 2007) The California Bearing RatioAASHTO T 40(2002; R 2006) Sampling Bituminous Materials][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 1250(2007) Standard Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesASTM D 140(2001; R 2007) Sampling Bituminous MaterialsASTM D 1556(2007) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone MethodASTM D 1557(2007) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)ASTM D 1883(2007) CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted SoilsASTM D 2026(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)ASTM D 2027(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)ASTM D 2028(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)ASTM D 2167(2008) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodASTM D 2172(2005) Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D 4318(2005) Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of SoilsASTM D 490(1992; R 2005) Road TarASTM D 633(1997; R 2005) Volume Correction Table for Road TarASTM D 6938(2007a) Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)ASTM D 75(2003) Standard Practice for Sampling AggregatesASTM D 977(2005) Emulsified AsphaltASTM D 979(2001; R 2006e1) Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures]1.3 DEFINITION
Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure in accordance
with ASTM D 1557, abbreviated in this specification as percent laboratory maximum density.
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.4.1 Source of Bituminous Material
Submit notification of the selected source of bituminous material to the Contracting Officer within 15 days after
the award of contract.
1.4.2 Stockpiling Materials
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted when select material is not required or
when small quantities do not justify the inclusion of select materials.
Stockpile select material, including approved material available from excavation and grading in the manner and
at the locations designated. Before stockpiling material, the storage sites shall be cleared, drained, and leveled.
Stockpile separately materials obtained from different sources.
1.4.3 Plant, Equipment, Machines, and Tools
1.4.3.1 General Requirements
Plant, equipment, machines, and tools used in the work shall be subject to approval and shall be maintained in
a satisfactory working condition at all times. Provide equipment with the capability of producing the required
compaction, meeting grade controls, thickness control and smoothness requirements indicated.
1.4.3.2 Bituminous Distributor
Provide distributor with pneumatic tires that prevent rutting, shoving, or otherwise damaging base surface or
other layers in the pavement structure. Distributor shall be designed and equipped to spray bituminous material
in a uniform double or triple lap at the specified temperature, at variable widths, and at readily determined
and controlled rates from 0.15 to 6.5 L/square meter 0.05 to 2.0 gallons/square yard with an allowable variation
from the specified rate of plus or minus 5 percent and with a pressure range of 175 to 515 kPa 25 to 75 psi.
Include with distributor equipment a separate power unit for the bitumen pump, full-circulation spray bars, tachometer,
pressure gauges, volume-measuring devices, adequate heaters for heating of materials to the proper application
temperature, a thermometer for reading temperature of tank contents, and a hand hose attachment suitable for
applying bituminous material manually to areas inaccessible to the distributor. Distributor shall be equipped
to circulate and agitate the bituminous material during the heating process.
1.4.3.3 Straightedge
Furnish and maintain at the site, in good condition, one [3.05] [3.66] meter [10] [12] foot straightedge for
each bituminous paver, for use in the testing of the finished surface. Make straightedge available for government
use. Construct straightedges of aluminum or other lightweight metal having blades of box or box-girder cross
section with flat bottom reinforced to insure rigidity and accuracy. Straightedges shall have handles to facilitate
movement on pavement.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Plant, Equipment, Machines, and Tools
Mix Design[; G][; G, [_____]]
List of proposed equipment to be used in performance of construction work, including descriptive
data. Mix design at least [_____] days before it is to be used.
Source of Bituminous Material
Operation of Aggregate Sources
Notification upon selection of bituminous material and aggregate sources.
Waybills and delivery tickets
Copies of waybills and delivery tickets during the progress of the work. Certified waybills
and delivery tickets for all materials actually used.
SD-04 Samples
Bituminous Material
Bituminous material used in the job.
SD-06 Test Reports
Sampling and Testing
Calibration curves and related test results, prior to using the device or equipment being
calibrated. Copies of field test results within [24] [_____] hours after the tests are performed.
Certified copies of test results, not less than [30] [_____] days before material is required
for the work.
1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Do not apply bituminous material when the atmospheric temperature is less than 10 degrees C 50 degrees F or to
soils that are frozen or contain frost. If the temperature falls below 2 degrees C 35 degrees F, protect completed
bitumen-treated areas against any detrimental effects of freezing.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Bituminous Material
NOTE: Tar or asphalt of one grade or type will be specified.
Material used for bituminous seal, in the soil-bitumen mixture, and for prime coat shall be the same [type] [grade]
throughout and shall conform to one of the following:
2.1.1.1 Liquid Asphalt
[ASTM D 2027] [ASTM D 2028] [ASTM D 2026] [AASHTO M 81] [AASHTO M 82] Grade [RC-70] [RC-250] [RC-800] [MC-70]
[MC-250] [MC-800] [MC-3000] [SC-250] [SC-800].
2.1.1.2 Emulsified Asphalt
ASTM D 977 Type [SS-1] [MS-2].
2.1.1.3 Tar
ASTM D 490 Grade [RT-1] [RT-2] [RT-3] [RT-4] [RT-5] [RT-6].
2.1.2 Material to be Stabilized
NOTE: Inapplicable material will be deleted. A select material gradation based
on sound engineering judgment, availability of materials, economics, history
of construction in the area, and type of course to be constructed should be
supplied in this paragraph. Maximum size of stones should be less than 1/3
the compacted thickness of the treated soil layer. Maximum percent passing
the 0.075 mm (No. 200 sieve) should be 30. Designer should refer to UFC 3-250-11
and UFC 3-260-01 for further information, including applicability of bituminous
stabilization.
Material to be stabilized shall consist of [in-place material] [approved select material]. Select material shall
conform to the following gradation:
Percentage by Weight
Sieve Designation Passing Square-Mesh Sieve
___________________ ___________________________
75 mm [_____]
[_____] [_____]
Percentage by Weight
Sieve Designation Passing Square-Mesh Sieve
___________________ ___________________________
3 inch [_____]
[_____] [_____]
The liquid limit shall be less than 40 and the plasticity index shall be less than 10 when tested in accordance
with ASTM D 4318 . The fine and coarse aggregates, or a composite mixture, shall not show stripping in excess
of 5 percent. If stripping occurs, [reject the aggregate] [use an approved method of treating to prevent stripping].
2.1.3 Water
Furnish clean, fresh, and potable water.
2.2 MIX DESIGN
NOTE: CBR bearing value can vary from 35 to 80, depending on soil type; see
UFC 3-250-11.
Develop and submit for approval a proposed mix design prior to stabilization work. Develop mix using samples
of the material to be stabilized. Mix design shall be capable of producing a CBR bearing value of [50] [_____]
CBR in accordance with [ASTM D 1883] [AASHTO T 193].
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 BITUMINOUS MATERIAL MIX
NOTE: The designer is reminded that in-situ materials to be stabilized with
bituminous material must conform to the requirements of UFC 3-250-11. Application
temperatures will be selected from the following table and inserted in the blanks:
Cutback asphalt: Degrees C Degrees F
RC-70, MC-70 40-80 105-180
RC-250, MC-250, SC-250 60-105 145-220
RC-800, MC-800, SC-800 80-125 180-255
MC-3000 100-145 215-290
Emulsified asphalt:
SS-1 25-55 75-130
MS-2 20-70 100-160
Tar:
RT-1 15-50 60-125
RT-2 15-50 60-125
RT-3/RT-4/RT-5/and RT-6 25-65 80-150
The moisture to be specified will be a function of the type of bituminous material
used. The value will be selected from the following:
a. Liquid asphalt: 2 percent
b. Emulsified asphalt (including water in the emulsion):
(1) Granular soils, 5 percent
(2) Silty and plastic soils, 3 percent
c. Tar: 5 percent
Bituminous material, of the amount required for each application, shall be uniformly applied by a bituminous
distributor within a temperature range of [_____] to [_____] degrees C [_____] to [_____] degrees F, as directed.
Properly treat areas inaccessible to or missed by the distributor with bituminous material, using the manually
operated hose attachment. After mixing is completed, the proportions of the mixture shall be in accordance with
the approved mix design. On the basis of dry weight, moisture shall be [_____] percent plus or minus 1 percent
when mixing is complete. When the stabilized course is constructed in more than one layer, clean the previously
constructed layer of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweepers or power brooms, except that hand
brooms may be used in areas where power cleaning is not practicable. Provide adequate drainage during the entire
construction period to prevent water from collecting or standing on the area to be stabilized or on pulverized,
mixed, or partially mixed material.
3.2 OPERATION OF AGGREGATE SOURCES
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted when select material is not required or
when small quantities do not justify the inclusion of select materials. Delete
material in the first set of brackets when onsite material is not available.
Submit notification of the selected source of aggregate to the Contracting Officer within 15 days after the award
of contract. Clearing, stripping, and excavating is the responsibility of the Contractor. The aggregate sources
shall produce the quality of base course materials meeting these specification requirements in the specified
time limits. [Upon completion of the work, aggregate sources on Government property shall be conditioned to
drain readily and be left in a satisfactory condition.] [Aggregate material shall be obtained from offsite sources.
Aggregate sources on private lands shall be conditioned in agreement with local laws or authorities.] Take aggregate
sampling for laboratory tests in accordance with ASTM D 75.
3.3 PREPARATION OF AREAS TO BE STABILIZED
NOTE: Inapplicable subparagraph will be deleted.
Clean area of debris. Area will be inspected for adequate compaction and shall be capable of withstanding, without
displacement, compaction specified for the soil-bitumen mixture. Debris and removed unsatisfactory in-place
material shall be disposed of [as directed] [in waste disposal areas indicated].
3.3.1 In-Place Material to be Stabilized
Grade and shape the entire area to conform to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown prior to being processed.
Make soft or yielding areas stable before construction is begun.
3.3.2 In-Place Materials to Receive Stabilized Course
NOTE: Inapplicable sentences will be deleted.
[Correct soft, yielding areas and ruts or other irregularities in the surface. Material in the affected areas
shall be loosened and unsatisfactory material removed. Add approved select material where directed. The area
shall then be shaped to line, grade, and cross section, and shall be compacted to the specified density.] [Subgrade
shall conform to Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.] [Subbase course shall conform to Section 32 11 16.16 SUBBASE COURSES.]
Then seal entire surface with bituminous material applied as specified. The seal shall be covered with sand
and rolled lightly with a steel-wheel or rubber-tired roller.
3.3.3 Select Material
NOTE: Paragraph will be deleted if select material is not required.
Utilize sufficient select material to provide the required thickness of the soil-bitumen layer after compaction;
process it to meet the requirements specified, before bituminous stabilization is undertaken.
3.4 GRADE CONTROL
Excavate underlying material to sufficient depth for the required stabilized-course thickness so that the finish
stabilized course with the subsequent surface course will meet the fixed grade. Provide line and grade stakes
as necessary for control. Place grade stakes in lines parallel to the centerline of the area under construction
and suitably spaced for string lining. Finished and completed stabilized area shall conform to the lines, grades,
cross section, and dimensions indicated.
3.5 MIXING OF MATERIALS
3.5.1 Mixed-in-Place Method
NOTE: Mixing the materials by the mixed-in-place method should be considered
for those jobs where the thickness of the stabilized layer is 150 mm (6 inches)
or less. Because the maximum layer thickness is 150 mm (6 inches), constructing
a thicker layer by this method would require removal of the top portion of material.
The lower portion would then be mixed and compacted, and the top portion mixed,
replaced and compacted. This paragraph should be deleted if select material
is to be used.
Two different mixed-in-place methods are presented. One method of in-place
mixing should be used and the appropriate paragraphs deleted.
3.5.1.1 Scarifying and Pulverizing of Soil
Prior to the application of bituminous materials, the soil shall be scarified and pulverized [to the depth shown]
[to a depth of [_____] mm inches]. Control scarification so that the layer beneath the layer to be stabilized
is not disturbed. Depth of pulverizing shall not exceed the depth of scarification. Unless otherwise permitted,
area scarified and pulverized shall not exceed the area that can be completed in 2 working days.
3.5.1.2 Application of Water
Shape pulverized material to the cross section and grade indicated. Moisture content shall then be determined.
Add water in increments and each increment of water shall be partially incorporated in the mix to avoid concentration
of water near the surface. After the last increment of water has been added, continue mixing until the water
is uniformly distributed throughout the mixture, including satisfactory moisture distribution along the edges
of the section.
3.5.1.3 Application of Bituminous Material
Rate of application of bituminous material for the soil-bitumen mixture shall be sufficient to meet the mix design
amount of bitumen. Bituminous material shall be uniformly mixed with the soil by means of a blade grader or
rotary mixer. If the bituminous material is applied in more than one increment, partially mix each application
into the material as directed. After the required amount of bituminous material has been added to the loose
material, the bituminous material and soil shall be thoroughly mixed by blading with a blade grader, rotary mixer,
or other equipment suitable for mixing the soil and bitumen. Equipment, except that used for spreading and mixing
operations, shall not pass over the freshly spread bituminous material.
3.5.1.4 Traveling-Plant Method
Place the pulverized material in windrows of sufficient size to cover a predetermined width to the indicated
compacted thickness. Traveling plant shall move at a uniform rate of speed and shall accomplish thorough mixing
of the materials. Water and bituminous material may be delivered separately or together at a predetermined rate.
3.5.2 Central Plant Method
NOTE: Central plant will be specified for mixing select material for subbase
or base course construction.
3.5.2.1 Mixing
Loading and hauling select material from pits or stockpiles shall result in a uniform grade of each material
being delivered to the central-mixing plant. Feed properly batched or proportioned aggregate and soil binder
materials into the mixing unit together with the bituminous material and the quantity of water needed to obtain
the required optimum moisture content. Continue mixing until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Haul mixture
to the job in trucks equipped with protective covers. Place mixture with mechanical spreaders.
3.5.2.2 Placing
Place the mixed material on the prepared subgrade or subbase in layers of uniform thickness with an approved
spreader. When a compacted layer 150 mm 6 inches or less in thickness is required, place the material in a single
layer. When a compacted layer in excess of 150 mm 6 inches is required, place the material in layers of equal
thickness. No layer shall exceed 150 mm 6 inches or be less than 80 mm 3 inches when compacted. When compacted,
the layers shall be true to the grades or levels required with the least possible surface disturbance. Where
the base course is placed in more than one layer, clean the previously constructed layers of loose and foreign
matter by sweeping with power sweepers, power brooms, or hand brooms, as directed. Make such adjustments in
placing procedures or equipment as may be directed to obtain true grades, to minimize segregation and degradation,
to adjust the water content, and to ensure an acceptable base course.
3.6 PLACEMENT AND COMPACTION
NOTE: If central plant is not specified, the first sentence will be deleted.
Density will be based on the material being stabilized. In addition, the correct
compaction standard should be retained.
[For plant-mixed, machine laid materials, begin compaction immediately following placement.] [For mixed-in-place
material, allow the soil-bitumen an adequate amount of time to cure. After curing, the mixture shall be shaped
approximately to the specified lines and grades and thoroughly loosened to its full depth and width.] Begin
rolling at the outside edge of the surface and proceed to the center, overlapping on successive trips at least
one-half the width of the roller. Alternate trips of the roller shall be slightly different lengths. Displacement
of materials shall not occur. Density of compacted mixture shall be at least [95] [_____] percent of laboratory
maximum density. Areas inaccessible to rollers shall be compacted to the required density with mechanical tampers.
3.7 EDGES OF STABILIZED COURSE
For areas where plant-mixed stabilized material is placed in successive strips, 300 mm 1 foot of the material
from the outside edge of the previously placed strip shall be removed prior to placing the adjacent strip. For
the shoulders of the stabilized areas, place approved material along the edges of the stabilized course to compact
to the thickness of the course being constructed, or to the thickness of each layer in a multiple-layer course.
At minimum 300 mm 1 foot width of the shoulder or previously placed strip shall be rolled and compacted simultaneously
with the rolling and compacting of each layer of the stabilized course, as directed.
3.8 FINISHING
Finish the surface of the top layer to grade and cross section shown. Finished surface shall be uniform texture.
Light blading during rolling may be necessary for the finished surface to conform to the lines, grades, and cross
sections. If the surface becomes rough, corrugated, uneven in texture, or traffic-marked prior to completion,
such unsatisfactory portion shall be scarified, reworked, relaid, or replaced as directed. If any portion of
the course, when laid, becomes watersoaked for any reason, that portion shall be removed immediately, and the
mix placed in a windrow and aerated until a moisture content within the limits specified is obtained; and then
spread, shaped, and rolled as specified.
3.8.1 Smoothness
NOTE: For subgrade and subbase stabilization, this paragraph should be deleted.
The surface of each layer shall show no deviations in excess of 10 mm 3/8 inch when tested with the straightedge.
Deviations exceeding this amount shall be corrected by removing material and replacing with new material, or
by reworking existing material and compacting, as directed.
3.8.2 Thickness Control
NOTE: When subbase or base courses are constructed less than 150 mm (6 inches)
in total thickness, a deficiency of 13 mm (1/2 inch) in thickness is considered
excessive. Applicable to job conditions, the thickness tolerance provisions
may be modified as required, restricting all deficiencies to not over 6 mm (1/4
inch).
Build the ompacted thickness of the stabilized course within 13 mm 1/2 inch of the thickness indicated. Where
measured thickness of the stabilized course is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch deficient, correct such areas by scarifying,
adding new material of proper gradation, reblading, and recompacting as directed. Where the measured thickness
of the stabilized course is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch thicker than indicated, consider the course as conforming
to the specified thickness requirements. Average job thickness shall be the average of all thickness measurements
taken for the job, but within 6 mm 1/4 inch of the thickness indicated.
3.9 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
At the end of each day's construction, form a straight transverse construction joint by cutting back into the
completed work to obtain a true vertical face free of loose or shattered material. Material along construction
joints not properly compacted shall be removed and replaced with soil-bitumen that is mixed, moistened, and compacted
in accordance with this specification.
3.10 PRIME COAT
NOTE: Bracketed sentences will be deleted if sanding or dusting of the bituminous-primed
surfaces is not required or if bituminous-primed surfaces are to receive bituminous
surfacing under the contract.
Before dust settles on the area, apply a prime coat of bituminous material to the finished surface. Bituminous
material shall be uniformly applied at the rate of 0.22 to 0.91 L/square meter 0.05 to 0.20 gallons/square yard
. [Bituminous material shall be protected by sanding or dusting the treated surface. Sand shall be uniformly
applied at the rate of 3.5 to 4.5 kg/square meter 6 to 8 pounds/square yard].
3.11 Sampling and Testing
Perform sampling and testing through an approved commercial testing laboratory or by facilities furnished by
the Contractor. Work requiring testing will not be permitted until the facilities have been inspected and approved.
The first inspection will be at the expense of the Government. Costs incurred for any subsequent inspection
required because of failure of the facilities to pass the first inspection will be charged to the Contractor.
Perform tests in sufficient numbers and at the locations and times directed to ensure that materials and compaction
meet specified requirements. Furnish certified copies of test results to the Contracting Officer.
3.11.1 Field Density
Determine field in-place density in accordance with [ASTM D 1556] [ASTM D 2167] [ASTM D 6938. When ASTM D 6938
is used, the calibration curves shall be checked, and adjusted if necessary, using the sand cone method as described
in paragraph Calibration of the ASTM publication. ASTM D 6938 results in a wet unit weight of soil and ASTM D 6938
shall be used to determine the moisture content of the soil]. The calibration curves furnished with the moisture
gauges shall be checked along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D 6938. If ASTM D 6938 is
used, in-place densities shall be checked by ASTM D 1556 at least once per lift for each [_____] square meter
yard of stabilized material. Furnish calibration curves and calibration test results within 24 hours of conclusion
of the tests. Perform at least one field density test for each [200] [_____] square meters [250] [_____] square
yards of each layer of stabilized material.
3.11.2 Sieve Analysis
NOTE: Delete the reference to source of materials when select material is not
required.
Perform a minimum of 1 analysis for each [1000] [_____] metric tons tons of material to be stabilized, with a
minimum of 3 analyses for each day's run until the course is completed. When [the source of materials is changed]
[and] [deficiencies are found], repeat the analysis and retest the material already placed to determine the extent
of unacceptable material. All in-place unacceptable material shall be replaced at no additional cost to the
Government.
3.11.3 Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index
Perform one liquid limit and plasticity index for each sieve analysis. Liquid limit and plasticity index shall
be in accordance with ASTM D 4318.
3.11.4 Extraction Test
Conduct extraction tests in accordance with ASTM D 2172, to confirm the amount of bitumen and moisture in the
mixture. One test shall be conducted [for every 4 hours of placement] [for every 275 metric tons 300 tons of
mixture placed]. Take samples in accordance with ASTM D 979.
3.11.5 Smoothness Test
NOTE: For subgrade and subbase stabilization, this paragraph should be deleted.
Take measurements for deviation from grade and cross section shown in successive positions parallel to the road
centerline, with a straightedge. Measurements shall also be taken perpendicular to the road centerline at [15]
[_____] meter [50] [_____] foot intervals.
3.11.6 Thickness
Measure hickness of the stabilized course at intervals which ensure 1 measurement for each [400] [_____] square
meters [500] [_____] square yards of stabilized course. Measurements shall be made in 75 mm 3 inch diameter
test holes penetrating the stabilized course.
3.11.7 Bituminous Material
Take a sample of the bituminous material used in accordance with [ASTM D 140] [AASHTO T 40] under the supervision
of the Contracting Officer. The sample will be retained by the Government.
3.12 MAINTENANCE
Maintain stabilized area in a satisfactory condition until accepted by the Contracting Officer. Maintenance
shall include immediate repairs to any defects and shall be repeated as often as necessary to keep the area intact.
Correct defects as specified.
3.13 TRAFFIC
Completed portions of the soil-bitumen area may be opened to controlled traffic within 4 hours of completion
of the course, if approved by the Contracting Officer.