USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 11 29 (August 2008)
---------------------------
Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-32 11 29 (April 2006)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 32 11 29
LIME-STABILIZED BASE COURSE, SUBBASE, OR SUBGRADE
08/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for lime stabilization
of subgrades, subbases, and base courses for airfield pavements and for roads,
streets, and parking areas.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 UNIT PRICES
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted when lump-sum payment is desired.
1.1.1 Measurement for Payment
NOTE: Method of measurement not applicable to the job conditions will be deleted.
If bituminous material is to be paid for separately, select the desired method
of measurement. Paragraph Select Material will be deleted and reference to
select material in article Basis for Payment will be deleted when select material
is not required from borrow areas.
1.1.1.1 Lime Stabilization
Measurement will be by the square meter yard of work completed and accepted.
1.1.1.2 Lime
Measurement will be by the number of metric 2000 pound tons of lime used in the completed and accepted work.
No measurement will be made for wasted lime or lime used in work determined defective.
1.1.1.3 Bituminous Material
Bituminous material to be paid for will be measured in the number of [liters gallons of the material used in
the accepted work, corrected to liters at 16 degrees C gallons at 60 degrees F in accordance with [ASTM D 633
] [ASTM D 1250]. A coefficient of 0.000139 per degree C 0.00025 per degree F shall be used for asphalt emulsion.]
[metric 2000 pound tons of the material used in the accepted work.]
1.1.1.4 Select Material
Select material will be measured by the [cubic meter yard] [metric 2000-pound ton] of material placed and used
in the completed and accepted stabilization. No measurement will be made for select material that is wasted
or used in work determined defective.
1.1.2 Basis for Payment
NOTE: Method of measurement not applicable to the job conditions will be deleted.
If bituminous material is to be paid for separately, select the desired method
of measurement.
Lime stabilization, constructed and accepted, including lime, [bituminous material] [and select material] will
be paid for at the respective contract unit prices in the bidding schedule. No payment will be made for any
material wasted, used for the convenience of the Contractor, unused or rejected, or for water used. [Select
material obtained from grading and excavation operations at the project site will not be paid for under this
section but will be included for payment under other sections specifying grading and excavating.] [No separate
payment will be made for sanding or dusting the bituminous prime-coated surfaces, and all costs for sanding or
dusting shall be included in the contract unit price for bituminous material.]
1.1.3 Waybills and Delivery Tickets
Submit copies of waybills or delivery tickets during the progress of the work. Before the final payment is allowed,
waybills and certified delivery tickets shall be furnished for all lime [and bituminous materials] [and select
materials] used in the construction.
1.2 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO)AASHTO M 81(1992; R 2004) Cut-Back Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)AASHTO M 82(1975; R 2004) Cut-Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)AASHTO T 135(1997; R 2005) Wetting-and-Drying Test of Compacted Soil-Cement MixturesAASHTO T 136(1997; R 2005) Freezing-and-Thawing Tests of Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM C 136(2006) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesASTM C 25(2006) Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeASTM C 50(2000; R 2006) Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsASTM D 1250(2007) Standard Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesASTM D 1556(2007) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone MethodASTM D 1557(2007) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)ASTM D 1632(2007) Making and Curing Soil-Cement Compression and Flexure Test Specimens in the LaboratoryASTM D 1633(2000; R 2007) Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement CylindersASTM D 2027(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)ASTM D 2028(1997; R 2004) Cutback Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)ASTM D 2167(2008) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodASTM D 422(1963; R 2007) Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsASTM D 4318(2005) Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of SoilsASTM D 490(1992; R 2005) Road TarASTM D 559(2003) Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement MixturesASTM D 560(2003) Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement MixturesASTM D 633(1997; R 2005) Volume Correction Table for Road TarASTM D 6938(2007a) Standard Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)ASTM D 75(2003) Standard Practice for Sampling AggregatesASTM D 977(2005) Emulsified AsphaltASTM E 11(2004) Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes]1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Lime-Stabilized Course
Lime-stabilized course, as used in this specification, is a mixture of lime and in-place or select borrow material
uniformly blended, wetted, and thoroughly compacted to produce a pavement course which meets the criteria set
forth in the plans and this specification.
1.3.2 Degree of Compaction
Degree of compaction required is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure
presented in ASTM D 1557abbreviated as percent laboratory maximum density.
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The work specified consists of the construction of a lime-stabilized [base] [subbase] [subgrade] course. Perform
the work in accordance with this specification conforming to the lines, grades, notes, and typical sections shown
in the drawings. Select sources of materials well in advance of the time when materials will be required in
the work.
1.4.1 Stockpiling Materials
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted when select material is not required or
when small quantities do not justify the inclusion of select material.
Stockpile select material, including approved material available from excavation and grading, in the manner and
at the locations designated. Before stockpiling material, storage sites shall be cleared and sloped to drain.
Stockpile separately materials obtained from different sources.
1.4.2 Plant, Equipment, Machines, and Tools
NOTE: Types of equipment specified but not required for this type of base course
will be deleted, and other items of equipment not listed will be added as appropriate.
1.4.2.1 General Requisites
Plant, equipment, machines, and tools used in the work shall be subject to approval and maintained in satisfactory
working condition at all times. Other compacting equipment may be used in lieu of that specified, where it can
be demonstrated that the results are equivalent. Provide protective equipment, apparel, and barriers to protect
the eyes, respiratory system, and the skin of workers exposed to contact with lime dust or slurry.
1.4.2.2 Steel-Wheeled Rollers
Provide steel-wheeled rollers which are the self-propelled type with a total weight of not less than 9 metric
tons 10 tons, and a minimum weight of 135 kg/mm 300 pounds per inch width of rear wheel. Wheels of the rollers
shall be equipped with adjustable scrapers. The use of vibratory rollers is optional.
1.4.2.3 Pneumatic-Tired Rollers
Provide pneumatic-tired rollers that have 4 or more tires, each loaded to a minimum of 13.6 metric tons 30,000
pounds and inflated to a minimum pressure of 1.035 MPa 150 psi. The loading shall be equally distributed to
all wheels, and the tires shall be uniformly inflated. Also provide pneumatic-tired towing equipment.
1.4.2.4 Mechanical Spreader
Mechanical spreader shall be self-propelled or attached to a propelling unit capable of moving the spreader and
material truck. The device shall be steerable and shall have variable speeds forward and reverse. The spreader
and propelling unit shall be carried on tracks, rubber tires, or drum-type steel rollers that will not disturb
the underlying material. Provide a spreader containing a hopper, an adjustable screed, and outboard bumper rolls;
designed to have a uniform, steady flow of material from the hopper; and capable of laying material without segregation,
across the full width of the lane, to a uniform thickness and to a uniform loose density so that when compacted,
the layer or layers conform to thickness and grade requirements indicated. The Contracting Officer may require
a demonstration of the spreader prior to approving use in performance of the work.
1.4.2.5 Sprinkling Equipment
Provide sprinkling equipment consisting of tank trucks, pressure distributors, or other approved equipment designed
to apply controlled quantities of water uniformly over variable widths of surface.
1.4.2.6 Tampers
Provide tampers of an approved mechanical type, operated by either pneumatic pressure or internal combustion,
and having sufficient weight and striking power to produce the compaction required.
1.4.2.7 Straightedge
Furnish and maintain at the site, in good condition, one [3.05] [3.66] meters [10] [12] foot straightedge for
each bituminous paver, for use in the testing of the finished surface. Straightedge shall be made available
for Government use. Straightedges shall be constructed of aluminum or other lightweight metal with blades of
box or box-girder cross section with flat bottom reinforced to insure rigidity and accuracy. Straightedges shall
have handles to facilitate movement on pavement.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Plant, Equipment, Machines, and Tools
Mix Design
List of proposed equipment to be used in performance of construction work including descriptive
data. Mix design at least [_____] days before it is to be used.
Waybills and Delivery Tickets
Copies of waybills and delivery tickets during the progress of the work. Certified waybills
and delivery tickets for all materials actually used.
SD-06 Test Reports
Sampling and Testing
Field Density
Calibration curves and related test results prior to using the device or equipment being calibrated.
Copies of field test results within [24] [_____] hours after the tests are performed. Certified
copies of test results of materials and sources not less than [30] [_____] days before material
is required for the work.
1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Do not work on the base course during freezing temperatures. When the temperature is below 5 degrees C 40 degrees
F, protect the completed base course against freezing by a sufficient covering of straw, or by other approved
methods, until the course has dried out. Any areas of completed base course that are damaged by freezing, rainfall,
or other weather conditions shall be brought to a satisfactory condition without additional cost to the Government.
Do not apply lime when the atmospheric temperature is less than 5 degrees C 40 degrees F or to soils that are
frozen or contain frost, or when the underlying material is frozen. If the temperature falls below 2 degrees
C 35 degrees F completed lime-treated areas shall be protected against any detrimental effects of freezing.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Lime
Lime shall be a standard brand of [quicklime] [hydrated lime] conforming to the following physical and chemical
requirements:
a. Lime shall be of such gradation that 99-1/2 percent passes a 0.850 mm No. 20 sieve and a
minimum of 85 percent passes a 0.150 mm No. 100 sieve.
b. Combined calcium oxide and magnesium oxide shall be not less than [92 percent] [70 percent].
2.1.2 Bituminous Material
NOTE: Tar or asphalt of one grade or type will be specified.
Material shall conform to one of the following:
2.1.2.1 Cutback Asphalt
[AASHTO M 81] [AASHTO M 82] [ASTM D 2027] [ASTM D 2028], Grade [RC-250] [RC-800] [MC-250] [MC-800].
2.1.2.2 Emulsified Asphalt
ASTM D 977, Type [RS-1] [RS-2].
2.1.2.3 Tar
ASTM D 490, Grade [RT-7] [RT-8] [RT-9] [RT-10].
2.1.3 Material to be Stabilized
NOTE: Soils classified as CH, CL, MH, SC, and GC have potential for lime stabilization;
however, it is not recommended to use lime alone for the stabilization of sandy
soils. Designer should refer to UFC 3-250-11 and UFC 3-260-01 for further guidance.
Material to be stabilized shall consist of [in-place material in the area] [approved select material. Provide
select material free of deleterious substances such as sticks, debris, organic matter, and stones greater than
75 mm 3 inches in any dimension. At least 10 percent of the material shall pass the 0.425 mm No. 40 sieve.
Plasticity index shall be greater than 12].
2.1.4 Water
Water shall be clean, fresh, and free from injurious amounts of oil, acid, salt, alkali, organic matter, and
other substances deleterious to the lime or soil-lime mixture, and shall be subject to approval.
2.2 MIX DESIGN
NOTE: The designer should determine the compressive strength requirement based
on the use of the final pavement. Generally, a compressive strength of 1.035
MPa (150 psi) is minimum. Designer should refer to TM's 5-822-14 and 5-825-2
for further guidance, including applicability of stabilization with lime.
Develop and submit for approval a proposed mix design prior to stabilization work. Mix shall be developed using
samples of the material to be stabilized. Mix design shall be capable of producing a compressive strength of
[_____] [1.035] MPa [_____] [150] psi when compacted to the design percent of laboratory maximum density. Samples
shall not show any significant loss of strength after 12 cycles of the durability test.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 LIME STABILIZATION MIXTURE
The material to be stabilized shall be thoroughly pulverized and, when lime is applied in the dry state, the
mix shall be thoroughly blended at a moisture content below optimum. After mixing is completed, the proportions
of the mixture shall be in accordance with the approved mix design. After blending, water shall be blended into
the dry mix in amounts necessary to bring the moisture content to optimum. Control field moisture content within
plus or minus [2] [_____] percent of optimum. When the stabilized course is constructed in more than one layer,
clean the previously constructed layer of loose and foreign matter by sweeping with power sweeper or power brooms,
except that hand brooms may be used in areas where power cleaning is not practicable. Provide adequate drainage
during the entire construction period to prevent water from collecting or standing on the area to be stabilized
or on pulverized, mixed, or partially mixed material. Provide line and grade stakes as necessary for control.
Place grade stakes in lines parallel to the centerline of the area under construction and suitably spaced for
string lining.
3.2 OPERATION OF BORROW PITS
NOTE: This paragraph will be deleted when select material is not required or
when small quantities do not justify the inclusion of select material.
[Borrow pits shall be cleared, stripped and excavated in a manner that exposes vertical faces of the deposit
for suitable working depths. Strata of unsuitable materials overlying or occurring in the deposit shall be wasted.
Methods of operating pits and the processing and blending of materials may be changed or modified if necessary
to obtain material conforming to the specified requirements. Upon completion of the work, pits shall be conditioned
to drain readily, and be left in a satisfactory condition.] [Obtain borrow material from offsite sources.]
3.3 PREPARATION OF AREA TO BE STABILIZED
Clean the area of debris. The area will be inspected for adequate compaction and shall be capable of withstanding,
without displacement, the compaction specified for the soil-lime mixture. Debris and removed unsatisfactory
in-place material shall be disposed of as specified.
3.3.1 In-Place Material to be Stabilized
Grade the entire area to conform to the lines, grades, and cross sections shown in the drawings prior to being
processed. Soft or yielding subgrade areas shall be made stable before construction is begun.
3.3.2 In-Place Material to Receive Stabilized Course
[Correct soft, yielding areas and ruts or other irregularities in the surface. The material in the affected
areas shall be loosened and unsatisfactory material removed. Add approved select material where directed. The
area shall then be shaped to line, grade, and cross section, and shall be compacted to the specified density.]
[Subgrade shall conform to Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.] [Subbase course shall conform to Section
32 11 16.16 SUBBASE COURSES.]
3.3.3 Quantity of Select Material
NOTE: Select material will be described by physical properties, soil types,
and location, as required. See UFC 3-250-11 and UFC 3-260-01 for further guidance.
The subparagraph will be deleted if select material is not required.
Sufficient select material shall be utilized to provide the required thickness of the soil-lime layer after compaction.
[Where in-place mixing is to be accomplished, grade and shape the soil to the approximate section and grade shown
before lime stabilization is undertaken.]
3.3.4 Grade Control
Excavate underlying material to sufficient depth for the required stabilized-course thickness so that the finished
stabilized course with the subsequent surface course will meet the fixed grade. Finished and completed stabilized
area shall conform to the lines, grades, cross section, and dimensions indicated.
3.4 INSTALLATION
3.4.1 Mixed In-Place Method
3.4.1.1 Scarifying and Pulverizing of Soil
Prior to application of lime, the soil shall be scarified and pulverized [to the depth shown] [to a depth of
[_____] mm inches]. Scarification shall be controlled so that the layer beneath the layer to be treated is not
disturbed. Depth of pulverizing shall not exceed the depth of scarification.
3.4.1.2 Application of Lime
Shape pulverized material to approximately the cross section indicated. Apply lime so that when uniformly mixed
with the soil, the specified lime content is obtained, and a sufficient quantity of lime-treated soil is produced
to construct a compacted lime-treated course conforming to the lines, grades, and cross section indicated. Use
mechanical spreaders in applying bulk lime. Use distributors in applying slurry. If lime is spread by hand,
the bags shall be spotted accurately on the area being stabilized so that when the bags are opened the lime will
be dumped and spread uniformly on the area being processed. No equipment, except that used in spreading and
mixing, shall pass over the freshly applied lime.
3.4.1.3 Initial Mixing
Mix the lime and soil immediately after the lime has been distributed. Initial mixing shall be sufficient to
alleviate any dusting or wetting of the lime that might occur in the event of wind or rainstorms. This may be
accomplished several days in advance of the final application and mixing.
3.4.1.4 Water Application and Moist Mixing
Determine moisture content of the mixture in preparation for final mixing. Moisture in the mixture following
final mixing shall not be less than the water content determined to be optimum based on dry weight of soil and
shall not exceed the optimum water content by more than [2] [_____] percentage points. Water may be added in
increments as large as the equipment will permit; however, such increment of water shall be partially incorporated
in the mix to avoid concentration of water near the surface. After the last increment of water has been added,
continue mixing until the water is uniformly distributed throughout the full depth of the mixture, including
satisfactory moisture distribution along the edges of the section.
3.4.2 Edges of Stabilized Course
Place approved material along the edges of the stabilized course in a quantity that will compact to the thickness
of the course being constructed, or to the thickness of each layer in a multiple-layer course, allowing at least
a 300 mm 1 foot width of the shoulder to be rolled and compacted simultaneously with the rolling and compacting
of each layer of the stabilized course.
3.4.3 Central-Plant Method
NOTE: Central plant will be specified for mixing select material for subbase
or base course construction.
Provide a plant capable of producing a uniform lime-treated mixture at the specified lime and moisture contents.
Haul the mixture to the job in trucks equipped with protective covers. Underlying course shall be thoroughly
moistened and the mixture then placed on the prepared area in a uniform layer with mechanical spreaders. The
layer shall be uniform in thickness and surface contour; and the completed layer, after compaction, shall conform
to the required grade and cross section.
3.4.4 Traveling-Plant Method
NOTE: Traveling plant will be specified for mixing in-place material for subbase
and base course construction.
Traveling plant shall move at a uniform rate of speed and shall accomplish thorough mixing of the materials in
one pass. Deliver water and lime from supply trucks or bins at a predetermined rate. Windrows of prepared soil-lime
mixture shall cover a predetermined width to the indicated compacted thickness.
3.4.5 Layer Thickness
Compacted thickness of the stabilized course shall be [as indicated] [[_____] mm inches]. No layer shall be
more than 200 mm 8 inches or less than 75 mm 3 inches in compacted thickness.
3.4.6 Compaction
NOTE: Density will be based on the material being stabilized.
Before compaction operations are started and as a continuation of the mixing operation, the mixture shall be
thoroughly loosened and pulverized to the full depth. Start compaction immediately after mixing is completed.
During final compaction moisten the surface, if necessary, and shape it to the required lines, grades, and cross
section. Density of compacted mixture shall be at least [90] [_____] percent of laboratory maximum density.
Begin rolling at the outside edge of the surface and proceed to the center, overlapping on successive trips at
least one-half the width of the roller. Make alternate trips of the roller slightly different lengths. At all
times, the speed of the roller shall not cause displacement of the mixture to occur. Compact areas inaccessible
to the rollers with mechanical tampers; shape and finish the areas by hand methods.
3.4.7 Finishing
Finish the surface of the top layer to the grade and cross section shown. The surface shall be of uniform texture.
Light blading during rolling may be necessary for the finished surface to conform to the lines, grades, and cross
sections. If for any reason the surface becomes rough, corrugated, uneven in texture, or traffic-marked prior
to completion, the unsatisfactory portions shall be scarified, reworked, relaid, or replaced as directed. If
any portion of the course, when laid, becomes watersoaked for any reason, that portion shall be removed immediately,
and the mix placed in a windrow and aerated until a moisture content within the limits specified is obtained;
and then spread, shaped, and rolled as specified above.
3.4.8 Construction Joints
At the end of each phase of construction, form a straight transverse construction joint by cutting back into
the completed work to form a true vertical face free of loose or shattered material. Material along construction
joints not properly compacted shall be removed and replaced with soil-lime mixture that is mixed, moistened,
and compacted as specified.
3.4.9 Curing and Protection
NOTE: It may be advantageous to specify only bituminous curing for pavements
that are to receive bituminous surfacing under the contract, in which case moist
curing will be deleted, and the first sentence in the paragraph will be modified
accordingly. This specification section must be coordinated with other sections
covering the various components of the pavement structure.
Immediately after the soil-lime area has been finished as specified above, the surface shall be protected against
rapid drying for 7 days [by one of the methods specified below] [_____].
3.4.9.1 Moist Curing
Moisten the area by sprinkling and keep it moist for the 7-day curing period.
3.4.9.2 Bituminous Material
NOTE: The application temperatures will be selected from the following table
and inserted in the blanks:
Degrees C
_________
Cutback asphalt:
RC-250, MC-250______________________________ 65-105
RC-800, MC-800______________________________ 80-125
Emulsified asphalt:
RS-1 ________________________________________ 25-55
RS-2 ________________________________________ 45-70
Tar:
RT-7 _______________________________________ 65-105
RT-8 _______________________________________ 65-105
RT-9 _______________________________________ 65-105
RT-10_______________________________________ 80-120
Degrees F
_________
Cutback asphalt:
RC-250, MC-250_____________________________ 145-220
RC-800, MC-800_____________________________ 180-255
Emulsified asphalt:
RS-1 ______________________________________ 75-130
RS-2 ______________________________________ 110-160
Tar:
RT-7 ______________________________________ 150-225
RT-8 ______________________________________ 150-225
RT-9 _______________________________________150-225
RT-10______________________________________ 175-250
Uniformly apply bituminous material by means of a bituminous distributor within a temperature range of [_____]
to [_____] degrees C [_____] to [_____] degrees F. Bituminous material shall be applied in quantities of not
less than 0.45 L/square meter 0.1 gallon/square yard nor more than1.13 L/square meter 0.25 gallon/square yard
. Areas inaccessible to or missed by the distributor shall be properly treated using the manually operated hose
attachment. Apply bituminous material only to the top layer. At the time the bituminous material is applied,
the surface of the area shall be free of loose or foreign matter and shall contain sufficient moisture to prevent
excessive penetration of the bituminous material. When necessary, sprinkle the area immediately before the bituminous
material is applied. Treated surface shall be [sanded] [dusted] [_____] to prevent the bituminous material from
being picked up by traffic.
3.5 SAMPLING AND TESTING
3.5.1 General Requirements
NOTE: Delete reference to source of material if select material is not required.
Perform sampling and testing using an approved commercial testing laboratory or facilities furnished by the Contractor.
Work requiring testing will not be permitted until the facilities have been inspected and approved. The first
inspection will be at the expense of the Government. Cost incurred for any subsequent inspection required because
of failure of the facilities to pass the first inspection will be charged to the Contractor. Perform tests in
sufficient numbers and at the locations and times directed to ensure that materials and compaction meet specified
requirements. Furnish certified copies of the test results to the Contracting Officer.
3.5.2 Results
Results shall verify that the material complies with the specification. When [the source of materials is changed]
[deficiencies are found], repeat the initial analysis and retest the material already placed to determine the
extent of unacceptable material. Replace all in-place unacceptable material.
3.5.3 Sampling
Take all aggregate samples for laboratory testing in accordance with ASTM D 75. Take samples of lime in accordance
with ASTM C 50. Prepare specimens for the unconfined compression tests in accordance with ASTM D 1632.
3.5.4 Sieve Analysis
Before starting work, test one sample of material to be stabilized in accordance with ASTM C 136 and ASTM D 422
on sieves conforming to ASTM E 11. After the initial test, perform a minimum of one analysis for each [1000]
[_____] metric tons [1000] [_____] tons of material placed, with a minimum of three analyses for each day's run
until the course is completed.
3.5.5 Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index
Perform one liquid limit and plasticity index for each sieve analysis. Liquid limit and plasticity index shall
be in accordance with ASTM D 4318.
3.5.6 Chemical Analysis
Test lime for the specified chemical requirements in accordance with ASTM C 25. Conduct three tests for each
delivery of lime.
3.5.7 Testing
Conduct three unconfined compression tests, in accordance with ASTM D 1633, for each mix design tested. Cure
thr samples at a constant moisture content and temperature for 28 days. [Conduct wet-dry tests in accordance
with [AASHTO T 135] [ASTM D 559].] [Conduct freeze-thaw tests in accordance with [AASHTO T 136] [ASTM D 560].]
Conduct three tests for each mix design tested. Omit scratch portion of the test.
3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
Provide a moisture-density relationship for the lime-soil mixture from the tests. Results of field quality control
testing shall verify that materials comply with this specification. [When a material source is changed, [test
the new material for compliance] [_____]]. When deficiencies are found, the initial analysis shall be repeated
and the material already placed shall be retested to determine the extent of unacceptable material. All in-place
unacceptable material shall be replaced or repaired, as directed by the Contracting Officer, at no additional
cost to the Government.
3.6.1 Thickness Control
NOTE: When subbase or base courses are constructed less than 150 mm (6 inches)
in total thickness, a deficiency of 13 mm (1/2 inch) in thickness is considered
excessive. Applicable to job conditions, thickness tolerance provisions may
be modified as required, restricting all deficiencies to not over 6 mm (1/4
inch).
Completed thicknesses of the stabilized course shall be within 13 mm 1/2 inch of the thickness indicated. Where
the measured thickness of the stabilized course is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch deficient, correct such areas by
scarifying, adding mixture of proper gradation, reblading, and recompacting as directed. Where the measured
thickness of the stabilized course is more than 13 mm 1/2 inch thicker than indicated, it shall be considered
as conforming to the specified thickness requirement. Average job thickness shall be the average of all thickness
measurements taken for the job, but shall be within 6 mm 1/4 inch of the thickness indicated. Thickness of the
stabilized course shall be measured at intervals which ensure one measurement for each [400] [_____] square meters
[500] [_____] square yards of stabilized course. Measurements shall be made in 75 mm 3 inch diameter test holes
penetrating the stabilized course.
3.6.2 Field Density
Determine field in-place density in accordance with [ASTM D 1556] [ASTM D 2167] [ASTM D 6938]. [When ASTM D 6938
is used, the calibration curves shall be checked, and adjusted if necessary, using the sand cone method as described
in paragraph Calibration of the ASTM publication.] ASTM D 6938 results in a wet unit weight of soil and ASTM D 6938
shall be used to determine the moisture content of the soil. The calibration curves furnished with the moisture
gauges shall be checked along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D 6938. If ASTM D 6938 is
used, in-place densities shall be checked by ASTM D 1556 at least once per lift for each [_____] square meter
square yard of stabilized material. Furnish calibration curves and calibration tests results to the Contracting
Officer within 24 hours of conclusion of the tests. Perform at least one field density test for each [250][_____]
square meters [250] [_____] square yards of each layer of base material.
3.6.3 Smoothness Test
NOTE: For subgrade and subbase stabilization, this paragraph should be deleted.
The surface of a stabilized layer shall show no deviations in excess of 10 mm 3/8 inch when tested with the [3.05]
[3.66] meter [10-] [12-] foot straightedge. Deviations exceeding this amount shall be corrected by removing
material and replacing with new material, or by reworking existing material and compacting, as directed. Take
measurements for deviation from grade and cross section shown in successive positions parallel to the road centerline
with a [3.05] [3.66] meter [10-] [12-] foot straightedge. Measurements shall also be taken perpendicular to
the road centerline at [15] [_____] meter [50-] [_____] foot intervals.
3.7 TRAFFIC
Completed portions of the lime-treated soil area may be opened immediately to light traffic provided the curing
is not impaired. After the curing period has elapsed, completed areas may be opened to all traffic, provided
the stabilized course has hardened sufficiently to prevent marring or distorting of the surface by equipment
or traffic. Heavy equipment is not permitted on the area during the curing period. Lime and water may be hauled
over the completed area with pneumatic-tired equipment if approved. Protect finished portions of lime-stabilized
soil, that are traveled on by equipment used in constructing an adjoining section, in a manner to prevent equipment
from marring or damaging completed work.
3.8 MAINTENANCE
Maintain stabilized area in a satisfactory condition until the completed work is accepted. Maintenance shall
include immediate repairs of any defects and shall be repeated as often as necessary to keep the area intact.
Correct defects as specified herein.
3.9 DISPOSAL OF UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS
Removed in-place materials that are unsuitable for stabilization, material that is removed for the required correction
of defective areas, waste material, and debris shall be disposed of [as directed] [in waste disposal areas indicated].