USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 17 24.00 10 (April 2008)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-32 17 24.00 10 (April 2006)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 32 17 24.00 10
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
04/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for marking and remarking
airport and heliport pavements primarily, but may also be used for marking roads,
streets and parking areas; this section also includes removal of paint or tape
markings from pavement surfaces.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
This guide specification includes tailoring options for preformed tape and thermosetting
plastic compounds. Selection or deselection of a tailoring option will include
or exclude that option in the section, but editing the resulting section to
fit the project is still required.
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: Pavement markings are usually removed by water blasting; few chemical
methods are effective. Sand or shotblasting may be prohibited by local air
pollution regulations. Drawings will show the extent of pavement to have markings
removed.
Removal of raised or recessed markers or reflectors is not covered in this section.
1.1 UNIT PRICES
NOTE: This paragraph should be deleted when pavement marking is included in
a lump sum project.
1.1.1 Measurement
1.1.1.1 Surface Preparation
The unit of measurement for surface preparation will be the number of square meters feet of pavement surface
prepared for marking and accepted by the Contracting Officer.
1.1.1.2 Pavement Striping and Markings
The unit of measurement for pavement striping and markings will be the number of square meters feet of reflective
and nonreflective striping or marking actually completed and accepted by the Contracting Officer.
1.1.1.3 Raised Pavement Markers
The unit of measurement for raised pavement markers will be the number of square meters feet of each specific
color required. Payment will be for the total number actually placed and approved by the Contracting Officer.
1.1.1.4 Removal of Pavement Markings
The unit of measurement for removal of pavement markings shall be the number of square meters feet of pavement
markings actually removed and accepted by the Contracting Officer.
1.1.2 Payment
The quantities of surface preparation, pavement striping or markings, raised pavement markers, and removal of
pavement markings determined as specified in paragraph Measurement, will be paid for at the contract unit price.
The payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment, appliances,
and doing all work involved in marking pavements. Any striping or markings which are placed without reflective
media, when reflective media is required, shall be removed and replaced at no cost to the Government. Striping
or markings which do not conform to the alignment and/or location required shall be removed and replaced at no
cost to the Government.
1.2 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO)AASHTO M 247(2008) Glass Beads Used in Traffic Paints][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 4280(2008) Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised, Retroreflective Pavement MarkersASTM D 4505(2005) Preformed Retroflective Pavement Marking Tape for Extended Service LifeASTM D 792(2008) Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementASTM E 28(1999; R 2004) Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring and Ball Apparatus][U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA)FS TT-B-1325(Rev C) Beads (Glass Spheres) Retro-Reflective (Metric)FS TT-P-1952(Rev D) Paint, Traffic and Airfield Markings, Waterborne]1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
All machines, tools and equipment used in the performance of the work shall be approved and maintained in satisfactory
operating condition. Equipment operating on roads and runways shall display low speed traffic markings and traffic
warning lights.
1.3.1 Paint Application Equipment
1.3.1.1 Self-Propelled or Mobile-Drawn Pneumatic Spraying Machines
The equipment to apply paint to pavements shall be a self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine
with suitable arrangements of atomizing nozzles and controls to obtain the specified results. The machine shall
have a speed during application not less than 8 km/hour 5 mph, and shall be capable of applying the stripe widths
indicated, at the paint coverage rate specified in paragraph APPLICATION, and of even uniform thickness with
clear-cut edges. [Equipment used for marking streets and highways shall be capable of placing the prescribed
number of lines at a single pass as solid lines, intermittent lines or a combination of solid and intermittent
lines using a maximum of two different colors of paint as specified.] [The equipment used to apply the paint
binder to airfield pavements shall be a self-propelled or mobile-drawn pneumatic spraying machine with an arrangement
of atomizing nozzles capable of applying a line width at any one time in multiples of 150 mm 6 inches, from 150
mm 6 inches to 900 mm 36 inches]. The paint applicator shall have paint reservoirs or tanks of sufficient capacity
and suitable gauges to apply paint in accordance with requirements specified. Tanks shall be equipped with suitable
air-driven mechanical agitators. The spray mechanism shall be equipped with quick-action valves conveniently
located, and shall include necessary pressure regulators and gauges in full view and reach of the operator.
Paint strainers shall be installed in paint supply lines to ensure freedom from residue and foreign matter that
may cause malfunction of the spray guns. The paint applicator shall be readily adaptable for attachment of an
air-actuated dispenser for the reflective media approved for use. Pneumatic spray guns shall be provided for
hand application of paint in areas where the mobile paint applicator cannot be used.
1.3.1.2 Hand-Operated, Push-Type Machines
NOTE: Where pavement marking is limited to small street and parking areas,
hand-operated push-type machines may be specified in lieu of detailed equipment
requirements.
All machines, tools, and equipment used in performance of the work shall be approved and maintained in satisfactory
operating condition. Hand-operated push-type machines of a type commonly used for application of paint to pavement
surfaces will be acceptable for marking small streets and parking areas. Applicator machine shall be equipped
with the necessary paint tanks and spraying nozzles, and shall be capable of applying paint uniformly at coverage
specified. Sandblasting equipment shall be provided as required for cleaning surfaces to be painted. Hand-operated
spray guns shall be provided for use in areas where push-type machines cannot be used.
1.3.2 Thermoplastic Application Equipment
1.3.2.1 Thermoplastic Material
Thermoplastic material shall be applied to the primed pavement surface by spray techniques or by the extrusion
method, wherein one side of the shaping die is the pavement and the other three sides are contained by, or are
part of, suitable equipment for heating and controlling the flow of material. By either method, the markings
shall be applied with equipment that is capable of providing continuous uniformity in the dimensions of the stripe.
1.3.2.2 Application Equipment
a. Application equipment shall provide continuous mixing and agitation of the material. Conveying parts
of the equipment between the main material reservoir and the extrusion shoe or spray gun shall prevent
accumulation and clogging. All parts of the equipment which come into contact with the material shall
be easily accessible and exposable for cleaning and maintenance. All mixing and conveying parts up to
and including the extrusion shoes and spray guns shall maintain the material at the required temperature
with heat-transfer oil or electrical-element-controlled heat.
b. The application equipment shall be constructed to ensure continuous uniformity in the dimensions
of the stripe. The applicator shall provide a means for cleanly cutting off stripe ends squarely and
shall provide a method of applying "skiplines". The equipment shall be capable of applying varying widths
of traffic markings.
c. The applicator shall be equipped with a drop-on type bead dispenser capable of uniformly dispensing
reflective glass spheres at controlled rates of flow. The bead dispenser shall be automatically operated
and shall begin flow prior to the flow of composition to assure that the strip is fully reflectorized.
1.3.2.3 Mobile and Maneuverable
Application equipment shall be mobile and maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed and
normal curves can be made in a true arc. The equipment used for the placement of thermoplastic pavement markings
shall be of two general types: mobile applicator and portable applicator.
a. Mobile Application Equipment: The mobile applicator shall be defined as a truck-mounted, self-contained
pavement marking machine that is capable of hot applying thermoplastic by either the extrusion or spray
method. The unit shall be equipped to apply the thermoplastic marking material at temperatures exceeding
190 degrees C 375 degrees F, at widths varying from 75 to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches and in thicknesses varying
from 1.0 to 5.0 mm 0.020 to 0.190 inch and shall have an automatic drop-on bead system. The mobile unit
shall be capable of operating continuously and of installing a minimum of 6 km 20,000 lineal feet of
longitudinal markings in an 8-hour day.
(1) The mobile unit shall be equipped with a melting kettle which holds a minimum of 2.7 metric
tons 6000 pounds of molten thermoplastic material. The kettle shall be capable of heating the
thermoplastic composition to temperatures of 195 to 220 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F. A thermostatically
controlled heat transfer liquid shall be used. Heating of the composition by direct flame will
not be allowed. Oil and material temperature gauges shall be visible at both ends of the kettle.
[The mobile unit shall be equipped with a minimum of two extrusion shoes located one on each
side of the truck, and shall be capable of marking simultaneous edgeline and centerline stripes.
Each extrusion shoe shall be a closed, oil-jacketed unit; shall hold the molten thermoplastic
at a temperature of 195 to 220 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F; and shall be capable of extruding
a line of 75 to 200 mm 3 to 8 inches in width; and at a thickness of not less than 3 mm 0.125
inch nor more than 5.0 mm 0.190 inch, and of generally uniform cross section.] [The mobile unit
shall be equipped with a spray gun system. The spray system shall consist of a minimum of four
spray guns, located two on each side of the truck, and shall be capable of marking simultaneous
edgeline and centerline stripes. The spray system shall be surrounded (jacketed) with heating
oil to maintain the molten thermoplastic at a temperature of 195 to 220 degrees C 375 to 425
degrees F; and shall be capable of spraying a stripe of 75 to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches in width,
and in thicknesses varying from 1.5 mm 0.055 inch to 2.5 mm 0.095 inch, and of generally uniform
cross section.]
(2) The mobile unit shall be equipped with an electronic programmable line pattern control
system. The control system shall be capable of applying skip or solid lines in any sequence,
through any and all of the extrusion shoes, or the spray guns, and in programmable cycle lengths.
In addition, the mobile unit shall be equipped with an automatic counting mechanism capable
of recording the number of lineal meters feet of thermoplastic markings applied to the pavement
surface with an accuracy of 0.5 percent.
b. Portable Application Equipment: The portable applicator shall be defined as hand-operated equipment,
specifically designed for placing special markings such as crosswalks, stopbars, legends, arrows, and
short lengths of lane, edge and centerlines. The portable applicator shall be capable of applying thermoplastic
pavement markings by the extrusion method. The portable applicator shall be loaded with hot thermoplastic
composition from the melting kettles on the mobile applicator. The portable applicator shall be equipped
with all the necessary components, including a materials storage reservoir, bead dispenser, extrusion
shoe, and heating accessories, so as to be capable of holding the molten thermoplastic at a temperature
of 195 to 220 degrees C 375 to 425 degrees F, of extruding a line of 75 to 300 mm 3 to 12 inches in width,
and in thicknesses of not less than 3.0 mm 0.125 inch nor more than 5.0 mm 0.190 inch and of generally
uniform cross section.
1.3.3 Reflective Media Dispenser
The dispenser for applying the reflective media shall be attached to the paint dispenser and shall operate automatically
and simultaneously with the applicator through the same control mechanism. The dispenser shall be capable of
adjustment and designed to provide uniform flow of reflective media over the full length and width of the stripe
at the rate of coverage specified in paragraph APPLICATION, at all operating speeds of the applicator to which
it is attached.
1.3.4 Preformed Tape Application Equipment
Mechanical application equipment shall be used for the placement of preformed marking tape. Mechanical application
equipment shall be defined as a mobile pavement marking machine specifically designed for use in applying precoated,
pressure-sensitive pavement marking tape of varying widths, up to 300 mm 12 inches. The applicator shall be
equipped with rollers, or other suitable compactive device, to provide initial adhesion of the preformed, pressure-sensitive
marking tape with the pavement surface. Additional hand-operated rollers shall be used as required to properly
seat the thermoplastic tape.
1.3.5 Surface Preparation Equipment
1.3.5.1 Sandblasting Equipment
Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles of proper size and capacity as required
for cleaning surfaces to be painted. The compressor shall be capable of furnishing not less than 70.8 L/sec
150 cfm of air at a pressure of not less than 620 kPa 90 psi at each nozzle used, and shall be equipped with
traps that will maintain the compressed air free of oil and water.
1.3.5.2 Waterblast Equipment
The water pressure shall be specified at 17.9 MPa 2600 psi at 60 degrees C 140 degrees F in order to adequately
clean the surfaces to be marked.
1.3.6 Marking Removal Equipment
Equipment shall be mounted on rubber tires and shall be capable of removing markings from the pavement without
damaging the pavement surface or joint sealant. Waterblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable,
pressurized stream of water. Sandblasting equipment shall include an air compressor, hoses, and nozzles. The
compressor shall be equipped with traps to maintain the air free of oil and water.
1.3.6.1 Shotblasting Equipment
Shotblasting equipment shall be capable of producing an adjustable depth of removal of marking and pavement.
Each unit shall be self-cleaning and self-contained, shall be able to confine dust and debris from the operation,
and shall be capable of recycling the abrasive for reuse.
1.3.6.2 Chemical Equipment
Chemical equipment shall be capable of application and removal of chemicals from the pavement surface, and shall
leave only non-toxic biodegradeable residue.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-03 Product Data
Equipment[; G][; G, [_____]]
Lists of proposed equipment, including descriptive data, and notifications of proposed Contractor
actions as specified in this section. List of removal equipment shall include descriptive data
indicating area of coverage per pass, pressure adjustment range, tank and flow capacities, and
safety precautions required for the equipment operation.
Composition Requirements
Manufacturer's current printed product description and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
for each type paint/color proposed for use.
Qualifications
Documentation on personnel qualifications, as specified.
SD-06 Test Reports
Sampling and Testing
Certified copies of the test reports, prior to the use of the materials at the jobsite. Testing
shall be performed in an approved independent laboratory.
SD-07 Certificates
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
Certificate stating that the proposed pavement marking paint meets the VOC regulations of
the local Air Pollution Control District having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which
the project is located.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.5.1 Qualifications
Submit documentation certifying that pertinent personnel are qualified for equipment operation and handling of
chemicals.
1.5.2 Traffic Controls
NOTE: Guidance for traffic control procedures can be obtained from the Manual
on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) for Streets and Highways.
Suitable warning signs shall be placed near the beginning of the worksite and well ahead of the worksite for
alerting approaching traffic from both directions. Small markers shall be placed along newly painted lines or
freshly placed raised markers to control traffic and prevent damage to newly painted surfaces or displacement
of raised pavement markers. Painting equipment shall be marked with large warning signs indicating slow-moving
painting equipment in operation.
1.5.3 Maintenance of Traffic
1.5.3.1 Airfield
The performance of work in the controlled zones of airfields shall be coordinated with the Contracting Officer
and with the Flight Operations Officer. Verbal communications shall be maintained with the control tower before
and during work in the controlled zones of the airfield. The control tower shall be advised when the work is
completed. A radio for this purpose [will be provided by the Government] [shall be provided by the Contractor
and approved by the Contracting Officer].
1.5.3.2 Roads, Streets, and Parking Areas
When traffic must be rerouted or controlled to accomplish the work, the necessary warning signs, flagpersons,
and related equipment for the safe passage of vehicles shall be provided.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
All materials shall be delivered and stored in sealed containers that plainly show the designated name, formula
or specification number, batch number, color, date of manufacture, manufacturer's name, and directions, all of
which shall be plainly legible at time of use.
1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Pavement surface shall be free of snow, ice, or slush. Surface temperature shall be at least 5 degrees C 40
degrees F and rising at the beginning of operations, except those involving shot or sand blasting. Operation
shall cease during thunderstorms. Operation shall cease during rainfall, except for waterblasting and removal
of previously applied chemicals. Waterblasting shall cease where surface water accumulation alters the effectiveness
of material removal.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PAINT
The paint shall be homogeneous, easily stirred to smooth consistency, and shall show no hard settlement or other
objectionable characteristics during a storage period of 6 months. Paints for airfields, roads, parking areas,
and streets shall conform to FS TT-P-1952, color as [indicated] [selected]. Pavement marking paints shall comply
with applicable state and local laws enacted to ensure compliance with Federal Clean Air Standards. Paint materials
shall conform to the restrictions of the local Air Pollution Control District.
2.2 THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS
The thermoplastic reflectorized pavement marking compound shall be extruded or sprayed in a molten state onto
a primed pavement surface. Following a surface application of glass beads and upon cooling to normal pavement
temperatures, the marking shall be an adherent reflectorized strip of the specified thickness and width that
is capable of resisting deformation by traffic.
2.2.1 Composition Requirements
The binder component shall be formulated as a hydrocarbon resin. The pigment, beads and filler shall be uniformly
dispersed in the binder resin. The thermoplastic composition shall be free from all skins, dirt, and foreign
objects and shall comply with the following requirements:
Percent by Weight
_________________
Component White Yellow
_________ _____ ______
Binder 17 min. 17 min.
Titanium dioxide 10 min. -
Glass beads, 20 min. 20 min.
Calcium carbonate 49 max. *
& inert fillers
Yellow pigments - *
*Amount and type of yellow pigment, calcium carbonate and inert fillers shall be at the option of the manufacturer,
providing the other composition requirements of this specification are met.
2.2.2 Physical Properties
2.2.2.1 Color
The color shall be as indicated.
2.2.2.2 Drying Time
When installed at 20 degrees C 70 degrees F and in thicknesses between 3 and 5 mm 1/8 and 3/16 inch, after curing
15 minutes.
2.2.2.3 Softening Point
The composition shall have a softening point of not less than 90 degrees C 194 degrees F when tested in accordance
with ASTM E 28.
2.2.2.4 Specific Gravity
The specific gravity of the composition shall be between 1.9 and 2.2 as determined in accordance with ASTM D 792
.
2.2.3 Asphalt Concrete Primer
The primer for asphalt concrete pavements shall be a thermosetting adhesive with a solids content of pigment
reinforced synthetic rubber and synthetic plastic resin dissolved and/or dispersed in a volatile organic compound
(VOC). Solids content shall not be less than 10 percent by weight at 20 degrees C 70 degrees F and 60 percent
relative humidity. A wet film thickness of 0.10 mm 0.005 inch plus or minus 0.025 mm 0.001 inch, shall dry to
a tack-free condition in less than 5 minutes.
2.2.4 Portland Cement Concrete Primer
The primer for Portland cement concrete pavements shall be an epoxy resin primer. The primer shall be of the
type recommended by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic composition. Epoxy primers recommended by the manufacturer
shall be approved by the Contracting Officer prior to use. Requests for approval shall be accompanied with technical
data, instructions for use, and a 1 liter 1 quart sample of the primer material.
2.3 PREFORMED TAPE
The preformed tape shall be an adherent reflectorized strip in accordance with ASTM D 4505 Type I or IV, Class
optional.
2.4 RAISED REFLECTIVE MARKERS
NOTE: Line marker segments having a 1 to 3 ratio of stripe to gap are standard.
Line segments of 3 meters (10 feet) with gaps of 9 meters (30 feet) are recommended.
When raised pavement markers are used in lieu of striping, the line marker segments
shall have a 3 to 5 ratio of stripe to gap with line segments of 5 meters (15
feet) with gaps of 8 meters (25 feet) recommended.
Either metallic or nonmetallic markers of the button or prismatic reflector type may be used. Markers shall
be of permanent colors, as specified for pavement marking, and shall retain the color and brightness under the
action of traffic. Button markers shall have a diameter of not less than 100 mm 4 inches, and shall be spaced
not more than 12 meters 40 feet apart on solid longitudinal lines. Broken centerline marker spacings shall be
in segments [of [_____]] [indicated] with gaps [of [_____]] [indicated] between segments. Markers shall have
rounded surfaces presenting a smooth contour to traffic and shall not project more than 19 mm 3/4 inch above
level of pavement. Pavement markers and adhesive epoxy shall conform to ASTM D 4280.
2.5 REFLECTIVE MEDIA
Reflective media for airfields shall conform to FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A. Reflective media for roads
and streets shall conform to FS TT-B-1325, Type I, Gradation A or AASHTO M 247, Type I.
2.6 SAMPLING AND TESTING
NOTE: Although provision is made for obtaining test reports, importance of
Government testing of each batch of paint and reflective media is emphasized
where quantities of 200 or more liters (50 or more gallons) are involved. For
200 (50) or less, the factor of time and value of material versus cost of testing
may justify acceptance on the basis of test reports furnished. In such cases
acceptability will be determined by persons within division or district offices
technically qualified and specifically designated by division engineers. Requirements
in this paragraph for Contractor testing may be modified to exempt materials
that definitely will be Government tested. If all batches will be Government
tested, requirements for Contractor testing will be deleted.
Materials proposed for use shall be stored on the project site in sealed and labeled containers, or segregated
at source of supply, sufficiently in advance of needs to allow 60 days for testing. Upon notification by the
Contractor that the material is at the site or source of supply, a sample shall be taken by random selection
from sealed containers in the presence of the Contracting Officer. Samples shall be clearly identified by designated
name, specification number, batch number, manufacturer's formulation number, project contract number, intended
use, and quantity involved. [Materials will be sampled and tested by the Government. No material shall be used
at the project prior to receipt by the Contractor of written notice that the materials meet the laboratory requirements.
The cost of initial testing of samples from each lot of materials will be borne by the Government. If the sample
fails to meet specification requirements, the material represented by the sample shall be replaced and the new
material will be tested. Cost of sampling and testing the new material will be borne by the Contractor.] [Testing
shall be performed in an approved independent laboratory. If materials are approved based on reports furnished
by the Contractor, samples will be retained by the Government for possible future testing should the material
appear defective during or after application.]
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 SURFACE PREPARATION
NOTE: Newly laid flexible and rigid pavements require aging prior to painting
in order to obtain satisfactory paint performance. If practicable, all new
pavement surfaces should be at least 30 days old before applying paint. When
earlier application of paint is necessary because of operations requirements,
the maximum period practicable should be specified.
Thoroughly clean surfaces to be marked before application of the pavement marking material. Dust, dirt, and
other granular surface deposits shall be removed by sweeping, blowing with compressed air, rinsing with water
or a combination of these methods as required. Rubber deposits, surface laitance, existing paint markings, and
other coatings adhering to the pavement shall be completely removed with scrapers, wire brushes, sandblasting,
approved chemicals, or mechanical abrasion as directed. Areas of old pavement affected with oil or grease shall
be scrubbed with several applications of trisodium phosphate solution or other approved detergent or degreaser,
and rinsed thoroughly after each application. After cleaning, oil-soaked areas shall be sealed with cut shellac
to prevent bleeding through the new paint. Pavement surfaces shall be allowed to dry, when water is used for
cleaning, prior to striping or marking. Surfaces shall be recleaned, when work has been stopped due to rain.
3.1.1 Pretreatment for Early Painting
NOTE: For new rigid pavements which require early painting, the following paragraph
will be added.
Where early painting is required on rigid pavements, apply a pretreatment with an aqueous solution, containing
3 percent phosphoric acid and 2 percent zinc chloride, to prepared pavement areas prior to painting.
3.1.2 Cleaning Existing Pavement Markings
In general, markings shall not be placed over existing pavement marking patterns. Remove existing pavement markings,
which are in good condition but interfere or conflict with the newly applied marking patterns. Deteriorated
or obscured markings that are not misleading or confusing or interfere with the adhesion of the new marking material
do not require removal. New preformed and thermoplastic pavement markings shall not be applied over existing
preformed or thermoplastic markings. Whenever grinding, scraping, sandblasting or other operations are performed
the work must be conducted in such a manner that the finished pavement surface is not damaged or left in a pattern
that is misleading or confusing. When these operations are completed the pavement surface shall be blown off
with compressed air to remove residue and debris resulting from the cleaning work.
3.1.3 Cleaning Concrete Curing Compounds
On new portland cement concrete pavements, cleaning operations shall not begin until a minimum of 30 days after
the placement of concrete. All new concrete pavements shall be cleaned by either sandblasting or water blasting.
When water blasting is performed, thermoplastic and preformed markings shall be applied no sooner than 24 hours
after the blasting has been completed. The extent of the blasting work shall be to clean and prepare the concrete
surface as follows:
a. There is no visible evidence of curing compound on the peaks of the textured concrete surface.
b. There are no heavy puddled deposits of curing compound in the valleys of the textured concrete surface.
c. All remaining curing compound is intact; all loose and flaking material is removed.
d. The peaks of the textured pavement surface are rounded in profile and free of sharp edges and irregularities.
e. The surface to be marked is dry.
3.2 APPLICATION
All pavement markings and patterns shall be placed as shown on the plans.
3.2.1 Paint
Paint shall be applied to clean, dry surfaces, and only when air and pavement temperatures are above 5 degrees
C 40 degrees F and less than 35 degrees C 95 degrees F. Paint temperature shall be maintained within these same
limits. New asphalt pavement surfaces and new Portland concrete cement shall be allowed to cure for a period
of not less than 30 days before applications of paint. Paint shall be applied pneumatically with approved equipment
at rate of coverage specified . Provide guide lines and templates as necessary to control paint application.
Special precautions shall be taken in marking numbers, letters, and symbols. Edges of markings shall be sharply
outlined.
3.2.1.1 Rate of Application
a. Reflective Markings: Pigmented binder shall be applied evenly to the pavement area to be coated
at a rate of 2.9 plus or minus 0.5 square meter/L 105 plus or minus 5 square feet/gallon. Glass spheres
shall be applied uniformly to the wet paint [on airfield pavement at a rate of 1.0 8] [on road and street
pavement at a rate of 0.7 6] plus or minus 0.06 kg 0.5 pounds of glass spheres per L gallon of paint.
b. Nonreflective Markings: Paint shall be applied evenly to the pavement surface to be coated at a
rate of 2.9 plus or minus 0.5 square meter/L 105 plus or minus 5 square feet/gallon.
3.2.1.2 Drying
The maximum drying time requirements of the paint specifications will be strictly enforced to prevent undue softening
of bitumen, and pickup, displacement, or discoloration by tires of traffic. If there is a delay in drying of
the markings, painting operations shall be discontinued until cause of the slow drying is determined and corrected.
3.2.2 Thermoplastic Compounds
Thermoplastic pavement markings shall be placed upon dry pavement; surface dry only will not be considered an
acceptable condition. At the time of installation, the pavement surface temperature shall be a minimum of 5
degrees C 40 degrees F and rising. Thermoplastics, as placed, shall be free from dirt or tint.
3.2.2.1 Longitudinal Markings
All centerline, skipline, edgeline, and other longitudinal type markings shall be applied with a mobile applicator.
All special markings, crosswalks, stop bars, legends, arrows, and similar patterns shall be placed with a portable
applicator, using the extrusion method.
3.2.2.2 Primer
After surface preparation has been completed the asphalt and/or concrete pavement surface shall be primed. The
primer shall be applied with spray equipment. Primer materials shall be allowed to "set-up" prior to applying
the thermoplastic composition. The asphalt concrete primer shall be allowed to dry to a tack-free condition,
usually occurring in less than 10 minutes. The Portland cement concrete primer shall be allowed to dry in accordance
with the thermoplastic manufacturer's recommendations. To shorten the curing time of the epoxy resins an infrared
heating device may be used on the concrete primer.
a. Asphalt Concrete Primer: Primer shall be applied to all asphalt concrete pavements at a wet film
thickness of 0.10 mm 0.005 inch, plus or minus 0.025 mm 0.001 inch (25-40 square meters/L 265-400 square
feet/gallon).
b. Portland Cement Concrete Primer: Primer shall be applied to all concrete pavements (including concrete
bridge decks) at a wet film thickness of between 1.0 to 1.3 mm 0.04 to 0.05 inch (30-40 square meters/L
320-400 square feet/gallon).
3.2.2.3 Markings
After the primer has "set-up", the thermoplastic shall be applied at temperatures no lower than 190 degrees C
375 degrees F nor higher than 220 degrees C 425 degrees F at the point of deposition. Immediately after installation
of the marking, drop-on glass spheres shall be mechanically applied so that the spheres are held by and imbedded
in the surface of the molten material.
a. Extruded Markings: All extruded thermoplastic markings shall be applied at the specified width and
at a thickness of not less than 3.0 mm 0.125 inch nor more than 5.0 mm 0.190 inch.
b. Sprayed Markings: All sprayed thermoplastic markings shall be applied at the specified width and
the thicknesses designated in the contract plans. If the plans do not specify a thickness, centerline
markings shall be applied at a wet thickness of 2.0 mm 0.090 inch, plus or minus 0.10 mm 0.005 inch,
and edgeline markings at a wet thickness of 1.5 mm 0.060 inch plus or minus 0.10 mm 0.005 inch.
c. Reflective Glass Spheres: Immediately following application, reflective glass spheres shall be dropped
onto the molten thermoplastic marking at the rate of 1 kg/2 square meters 1 pound/20 square feet of compound.
3.2.3 Preformed Tape
The pavement surface temperature shall be a minimum of 15 degrees C 60 degrees F and the ambient temperature
shall be a minimum of 15 degrees C 60 degrees F and rising. The preformed markings shall be placed in accordance
with the manufacturer's written instructions.
3.2.4 Raised Reflective Markers
Prefabricated markers shall be aligned carefully at the required spacing and permanently fixed in place by means
of epoxy resin adhesives. To insure good bond, pavement in areas where markers will be set shall be thoroughly
cleaned by sandblasting and use of compressed air prior to applying adhesive.
3.2.5 Reflective Media
Application of reflective media shall immediately follow application of pigmented binder. Drop-on application
of glass spheres shall be accomplished to insure that reflective media is evenly distributed at the specified
rate of coverage. Should there be malfunction of either paint applicator or reflective media dispenser, operations
shall be discontinued immediately until deficiency is corrected.
3.3 MARKING REMOVAL
Pavement marking, including plastic tape, shall be removed in the areas shown on the drawings. Removal of marking
shall be as complete as possible without damage to the surface. Aggregate shall not be exposed by the removal
process. After the markings are removed, the cleaned pavement surfaces shall exhibit adequate texture for remarking
as specified in paragraph SURFACE PREPARATION. Demonstrate removal of pavement marking in an area designated
by the Contracting Officer. The demonstration area will become the standard for the remainder of the work.
3.3.1 Equipment Operation
Equipment shall be controlled and operated to remove markings from the pavement surface, prevent dilution or
removal of binder from underlying pavement, and prevent emission of blue smoke from asphalt or tar surfaces.
3.3.2 Cleanup and Waste Disposal
The worksite shall be kept clean of debris and waste from the removal operations. Cleanup shall immediately
follow removal operations in areas subject to air traffic. Debris shall be disposed of at approved sites.