USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-33 46 13 (April 2008)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-33 46 13 (July 2006)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 33 46 13
FOUNDATION DRAINAGE SYSTEM
04/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for foundation drainage
system using clay, concrete, cast iron, corrugated steel, corrugated aluminum,
and plastic pipe.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: The following information should be shown on the drawings:
Location, extent, type, and sizes of foundation drainage system, including designations
of drainage lines and outlet lines.
Locations and invert elevations of cleanouts and drainage structures.
Cross section of system showing bedding and backfill with protective covering.
Jointing details.
Cleanout details.
Connections between foundation drainage and related storm drainage systems.
Outlet details.
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO)AASHTO M 252(2008) Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage PipeAASHTO M 294(2008) Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm Diameter][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM A 74(2008a) Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and FittingsASTM A 760/A 760M(2006) Standard Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers and DrainsASTM B 745/B 745M(1997; R 2005) Standard Specification for Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and DrainsASTM C 14(2007) Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert PipeASTM C 14M(2007) Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)ASTM C 33(2007) Standard Specification for Concrete AggregatesASTM C 4(2004; R 2005) Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain TileASTM C 412(2005a) Concrete Drain TileASTM C 412M(2005a) Concrete Drain Tile (Metric)ASTM C 425(2004) Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and FittingsASTM C 444(2003) Perforated Concrete PipeASTM C 444M(2003) Perforated Concrete Pipe (Metric)ASTM C 508(2000; R 2004) Asbestos-Cement Underdrain PipeASTM C 654(2005a) Porous Concrete PipeASTM C 654M(2005a) Porous Concrete Pipe (Metric)ASTM C 700(2007a) Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and PerforatedASTM D 2751(2005) Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and FittingsASTM D 3034(2008) Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and FittingsASTM D 3212(2007) Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsASTM F 405(2005) Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and FittingsASTM F 667(2006) Large Diameter Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe and FittingsASTM F 758(1995; R 2007e1) Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar DrainageASTM F 949(2006a) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a Smooth Interior and Fittings]1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Extent
Furnish and install foundation drainage as a complete system [to 1.5 m 5 feet beyond the building] [as shown].
1.2.2 Outlet Connections
Foundation pipe shall be [connected to the storm drainage system as shown and specified in Section 33 40 00 STORM
DRAINAGE] [terminated as shown].
1.2.3 Drainage Lines
Construct drainage lines of drain tile, perforated pipe, or porous pipe.
1.2.4 Outlet Lines
Construct outlet lines of closed-joint nonperforated, nonporous pipe.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.][information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-04 Samples
Materials.
Two randomly selected samples of each type of pipe and fitting, prior to delivery of materials
to the site.
SD-07 Certificates
Materials.
Certifications from the manufacturers attesting that materials meet specification requirements.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Protect materials placed in storage from the weather, humidity and temperature variations, dirt and dust, or
other contaminants. Do not expose plastic pipe to direct sunlight for more than 6 months from time of manufacturer
to installation.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
NOTE: Select materials for contract requirements. Correlate material with
other sections. When design requires pipe to be of a particular quality, strength,
or bituminous coated, acceptable options should be retained and specification
requirements modified accordingly. Thickness of metal pipe will be shown on
the drawings. Drain tile should not be used for drains crossing or adjacent
to paved areas. Special-quality concrete drain tile should be specified for
tile laid in soils that are acidic or contain unusual quantities of sulfates;
porous concrete pipe and perforated corrugated aluminum alloy pipe will not
be used. Where required by soil or water conditions, perforated asbestos-cement
pipes should be specified by types.
Pipe for foundation drainage system shall be of the type and size indicated. Appropriate transitions, adapters,
or joint details shall be used where pipes of different types or materials are connected.
2.1.1 Clay Pipe
ASTM C 700, standard or extra strength.
2.1.2 Perforated Clay Pipe
ASTM C 700, standard or extra strength.
2.1.3 Concrete Pipe
Conform to ASTM C 14MASTM C 14, Class [1][2][3].
2.1.4 Perforated Concrete Pipe
Conform to ASTM C 14MASTM C 14, Class [1][2][3] with perforations conforming to ASTM C 444MASTM C 444, Type [I][II].
2.1.5 Porous Concrete Pipe
Conform to ASTM C 654MASTM C 654, standard or extra strength class.
2.1.6 Clay Drain Tile
ASTM C 4, [standard][extra-quality][heavy-duty] class.
2.1.7 Perforated Clay Drain Tile
ASTM C 4, [standard][extra-quality][heavy-duty] class.
2.1.8 Concrete Drain Tile
Conform to ASTM C 412MASTM C 412, [standard-][special-][extra-][heavy-duty-extra-]quality.
2.1.9 Cast-Iron Soil Pipe
ASTM A 74, [extra-heavy][service].
2.1.10 Perforated Corrugated Steel Pipe
ASTM A 760/A 760M, Type III.
2.1.11 Perforated Corrugated Aluminum Alloy Pipe
ASTM B 745/B 745M Type III, Class [I] [II].
2.1.12 Perforated Asbestos-Cement Underdrain Pipe
ASTM C 508.
2.1.13 Plastic Pipe
Plastic pipe shall contain ultraviolet inhibitor to provide protection from exposure to direct sunlight.
2.1.13.1 Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Drainage Pipe
NOTE: AASHTO M 252 and AASHTO M 294 both provide for stiffer pipe than the
equivalent ASTM standards. When pipe strength is a critical concern, use the
AASHTO standard.
Furnish ASTM F 405 heavy duty for pipe 80 to 150 mm 3 to 6 inches in diameter inclusive, ASTM F 667 for pipe
200 to 600 mm 8 to 24 inches in diameter; or AASHTO M 252 for pipe 80 to 250 mm 3 to 10 inches in diameter or
AASHTO M 294 for pipe 300 to 600 mm 12 to 24 inches in diameter. Fittings shall be pipe manufacturer's standard
type and shall conform to the indicated specification.
2.1.13.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe
ASTM D 2751, with a maximum SDR of 35.
2.1.13.3 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
ASTM F 758, Type PS 46, ASTM D 3034, or ASTM F 949 with a minimum pipe stiffness of 317 kPa46 psi.
2.1.13.4 Circular Perforations in Plastic Pipe
NOTE: Perforation and slot sizing is based on embedment gradation, flow requirements,
and structural considerations. The embedment material gradation is in turn
based on the gradation of the surrounding soil. To minimize the migration of
fines into the coarser material, while maintaining adequate permeability, the
following criteria should be met:
a. All soils except clays without a sand or silt fraction must meet the following
requirements:
(15 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(85 percent size of material
to be drained) less than or equal to 5
(50 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(50 percent size of material
to be drained) less than or equal to 25
b. Clays without a sand or silt fraction must meet the following requirements:
(15 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(85 percent size of material
to be drained) less than or equal to 5
15 percent size of drainage or filter material less than or equal to 0.4 mm
c. All soils, in addition to the previous requirements, must meet the following
requirements:
(15 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(15 percent size of material
to be drained) less than or equal to 5
(85 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(slot width) greater than or
equal to 1.2 mm
(85 percent size of drainage or filter material)/(hole diameter) greater than
or equal to 1.0
Circular holes shall be cleanly cut, not more than 8 mm 5/16 inch or less than 5 mm 3/16 inch in diameter, and
arranged in rows parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Perforations shall be approximately 75 mm 3
inches apart, center-to-center, along rows. The rows shall be approximately 38 mm 1-1/2 inches apart and arranged
in a staggered pattern so that all perforations lie at the midpoint between perforations in adjacent rows. The
rows shall be spaced over not more than 155 degrees of circumference. The spigot or tongue end of the pipe shall
not be perforated for a length equal to the depth of the socket and perforations shall continue at uniform spacing
over the entire length of the pipe. Manufacturer's standard perforated pipe which essentially meets these requirements
may be used with prior approval of the Contracting Officer.
2.1.13.5 Slotted Perforations in Plastic Pipe
Circumferential slots shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water and uniformly spaced along
the length and circumference of the tubing. Width of slots shall not exceed 3 mm 1/8 inch or be less than 0.79
mm 1/32 inch. The length of individual slots shall not exceed 32 mm 1-1/4 inches on 75 mm 3 inch diameter tubing;
10 percent of the tubing inside nominal circumference on 100 to 200 mm 4 to 8 inch diameter tubing; and 65 mm
2-1/2 inches on 250 mm 10 inch diameter tubing. Rows of slots shall be symmetrically spaced so that they are
fully contained in quadrants of the pipe. Slots shall be centered in the valleys of the corrugations of profile
wall pipe. The water inlet area shall be a minimum of 1058 square mm/linear meter 0.5 square inch/linear foot
of tubing. Manufacturer's standard perforated pipe which essentially meets these requirements may be used with
prior approval of the Contracting Officer.
2.1.14 Fittings
Fittings shall be of compatible materials for pipe, of corresponding weight and quality, and as specified herein.
2.1.15 Cleanouts and Piping Through Walls
Cleanout pipe and fittings and piping through walls and footings shall be cast-iron soil pipe. Each cleanout
shall have a brass ferrule and a cast-brass screw-jointed plug with socket or raised head for wrench.
2.1.16 Cover and Wrapping Materials for Open Joints in Drain Tile
Cover material may be tar paper, roofing paper, reinforced building paper, glass fiber fabric, or other similar
type material. Wrapping material shall be 18-14 mesh, 0.25 mm 0.01 inch diameter nonferrous wire cloth.
2.1.17 Bedding and Pervious Backfill for Foundation Drains
Bedding and pervious backfill shall be [in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK] [coarse aggregate conforming
to ASTM C 33, size number [2.36] [4.75] mm [8] [4] inch] [_____].
2.1.18 Protective Covering for Pervious Backfill
Protective covering shall be [building paper] [fiberglass mat of lime borosilicate glass fibers. Fibers shall
be 8 to 12 microns in average diameter, 50 to 102 mm 2 to 4 inches in length, and bonded with phenol formaldehyde
resin. Mat shall be roll type, nonperforated, water permeable, with thickness between 6 and 13 mm 1/4 and 1/2
inch and density of 12 Kg/cubic meter 3/4 pcf] [filter fabric conforming to Section 33 46 16 SUBDRAINAGE SYSTEM].
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
3.1.1 Trenching and Excavation
Perform required trenching and excavation in accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK. Keep trenches dry during
installation of drainage system. Changes in direction of drain lines shall be made with 1/8 bends. Use wye
fittings at intersections.
3.1.2 Bedding
Place graded bedding, minimum 150 mm 6 inches in depth, in the bottom of trench for its full width and length
compacted as specified prior to laying of foundation drain pipe. Each section shall rest firmly upon the bedding,
through the entire length, with recesses formed for bell joints. Except for recesses for bell joints, the bedding
shall fully support the lower quadrant of the pipe.
3.1.3 Pipe Laying
Lay drain lines to true grades and alignment with a continuous fall in the direction of flow. Bells of pipe
sections shall face upgrade. Clean interior of pipe thoroughly before being laid. When drain lines are left
open for connection to discharge lines, the open ends shall be temporarily closed and the location marked with
wooden stakes. Perforated pipe shall be laid with perforations facing down. Any length that has had its grade
or joints disturbed shall be removed and relaid at no additional cost to the Government. Perforated corrugated
polyethylene drainage tubing and plastic piping shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's specifications
and as specified herein. Tubing and piping with physical imperfections shall not be installed.
3.1.4 Jointing
3.1.4.1 Perforated and Porous Pipes
Perforated and porous types of drain pipes shall be laid with closed joints.
3.1.4.2 Nonperforated Drain Tile
Nonperforated and plain-end drain tile shall be laid with 3 to 6 mm 1/8 to 1/4 inch open joints. Open joints
shall be covered or wrapped. Covered joints shall have one thickness of the cover material placed over the joint.
Material shall overlap the joint not less than 100 mm 4 inches on each side and cover the tile for not less than
the upper half or more than the upper two-thirds of the circumference of the tile. Strips of wire cloth wrapping
material 75 mm3 inches wide shall be used for wrapped joints, with ends fastened together.
3.1.4.3 Perforated Corrugated Metal Pipe
Perforated corrugated metal pipe sections shall be joined with standard connecting bands and bolts furnished
by the pipe manufacturer.
3.1.4.4 Joints of Concrete or Clay Sewer Pipe
Joints of concrete or clay sewer pipe shall be caulked with oakum and filled solid with cement mortar except
where compression joints conforming to ASTM C 425 are used on vitrified clay pipe.
3.1.4.5 Joints of Cast-Iron Pipe
Joints of cast-iron pipe or connections between cast-iron and porous concrete pipes shall be caulked with oakum
gasket and filled with lead.
3.1.4.6 Perforated Asbestos-Cement Pipe Joints
Perforated asbestos-cement pipe joints shall be made with tapered couplings or with sleeve-type couplings suitable
for holding the pipe firmly in alignment without use of sealing compound or gaskets.
3.1.4.7 Plain-End Perforated Clay
Plain-end perforated clay drain tile joints shall be made with spring-wire clips, coated with a rust preventive,
that will maintain a taut but elastic joint between sections when laid.
3.1.4.8 ABS Pipe
ABS pipe shall be joined using solvent cement or elastomeric joints and shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2751
, with dimensions and tolerances in accordance with TABLE II therein.
3.1.4.9 PVC Pipe
PVC pipe joints shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3034, ASTM D 3212, or ASTM F 949.
3.1.4.10 Corrugated Polyethylene
Corrugated polyethylene (PE) pipe joints shall be in accordance with ASTM F 405 or ASTM F 667.
3.1.5 Outlet Lines
The outlet end of drain lines connecting with an open gutter or outfall shall be [covered with a removable wire
basket of 16-mesh copper or bronze wire cloth fastened with brass or wire straps] [finished as shown].
3.1.6 Cleanouts
Provide cleanouts in locations indicated. Cleanouts in unpaved areas shall be set in 305 by 305 by 102 mm 12
by 12 by 4 inch concrete blocks.
3.2 Backfilling
After joints and connections have been inspected and approved, place the specified pervious backfill material
[a minimum width of 150 mm 6 inches on each side of the pipe or tile] [for the full width of the trench and full
width between pipe and adjacent walls] and 300 mm 12 inches above the top of the pipe. Place the backfill preventing
displacement of or injury to the pipe or tile. Place a protective covering, as specified, over the pervious
backfill for the full width of the trench before regular backfill is placed. Compact backfill as specified in
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.