USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-33 58 00 (April 2008)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-33 58 00 (April 2007)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 33 58 00
LEAK DETECTION FOR FUELING SYSTEMS
04/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for leak detection systems
for fueling applications.
Edit this guide specification for each project specific requirements by adding,
deleting, or revising text. Choose applicable bracketed items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and/or requirements not related to the respective project,
whether or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: This specification does not address the monitoring of tank bottoms for
field-fabricated, vertical storage tanks.
Use this UFGS in conjunction with UFC 3-460-01 "Design: Petroleum Fuel Facilities".
Include in this specification any additional equipment/devices necessary to
meet state and local regulations.
UFC 3-460-01 requires underground storage tanks and underground piping to be
monitored for leaks in accordance with 40 CFR 280, 40 CFR 281, 49 CFR 195, and
any applicable state and local requirements.
Various methods can be used to conform to the leak detection and monitoring
requirements of the CFRs. This specification covers the preferred methods related
to tanks and piping. Variations from this specification must be coordinated
with and approved by the Using Agency.
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)API RP 1130(2007) Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquid PipelinesAPI RP 2003(2008) Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and Stray CurrentsAPI RP 540(1999; R 2004) Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM B 117(2007a) Standing Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus][INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)IEEE Std 1100(2005) Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic EquipmentIEEE Std 142(2007) Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems - IEEE Green Book (Color Book Series)][NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)NEMA 250(2003) Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)][NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 407(2007; Errata 2007; AMD 1 2007; AMD 2 2008) Standard for Aircraft Fuel ServicingNFPA 70(2007; AMD 1 2008) National Electrical Code - 2008 EditionNFPA 77(2006) Recommended Practice on Static ElectricityNFPA 780(2007) Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems]1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Leak Detection System[; G][; G, [_____]]
Electronic Monitoring/Alarm Panel
Computational Pipeline Monitoring System
SD-03 Product Data
Leak Detection System[; G][; G, [_____]]
Electronic Monitoring/Alarm Panel
Computational Pipeline Monitoring System
SD-06 Test Reports
Leak Detection System Test
SD-07 Certificates
Demonstrations
SD-08 Manufacturer's Instructions
Leak Detection System
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Leak Detection System
Electronic Monitoring/Alarm Panel
Computational Pipeline Monitoring System
1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Handle, store, and protect equipment and materials to prevent damage before and during installation in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations, and as approved by the Contracting Officer. Replace damaged or defective
items.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Provide materials and equipment that are standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacturing
of such products, that are of a similar material, design and workmanship, and that have been in satisfactory
commercial or industrial use for a minimum 2 years prior to bid opening. The 2 year period shall include applications
of the equipment and materials under similar circumstances and of similar size. Materials and equipment must
have been for sale on the commercial market through advertisements, manufacturers' catalogs, or brochures during
the 2 year period.[ Products having less than a 2 year field service record will be acceptable if a certified
record of satisfactory field operation, for not less than 6000 hours, exclusive of the manufacturer's factory
tests, can be shown.]
2.1.1 Nameplates
NOTE: In a salt water environment, substitute acceptable non-corroding metal
such as, but not limited to, nickel-copper, 304 stainless steel, or monel.
Aluminum is unacceptable. Nomenclature (or system identification) should be
established by the designer.
Require melamine plastic nameplates for all NAVFAC projects. Also for NAVFAC
projects, require nameplates to be associated or keyed to system charts and
schedules.
Attach nameplates to all specified equipment defined herein. List on each nameplate the manufacturer's name,
address, [contract number,] [acceptance date,] component type or style, model or serial number, catalog number,
capacity or size, and the system which is controlled. Construct plates of [anodized aluminum] [stainless steel]
[melamine plastic, 3 mm 0.125 inch thick, UV resistance, black with white center core, matte finish surface and
square corners] [_____]. Install nameplates in prominent locations with nonferrous screws, nonferrous bolts,
or permanent adhesive. Minimum size of nameplates shall be 25 by 65 mm one by 2.5 inches. Lettering shall be
the normal block style with a minimum 6 mm 0.25 inch height. Accurately align all lettering on nameplates.
[For plastic nameplates, engrave lettering into the white core.] [Key the nameplates to a chart and schedule
for each system. Frame charts and schedule under glass, and locate where directed near each system. Furnish
two copies of each chart and schedule. Each nameplate description shall identify its function.]
2.1.2 Metallic Requirements
NOTE: Include the bracketed information if aviation fuel will be handled.
Internal parts and components of equipment, piping, piping components, and valves that could be exposed to fuel
during system operation shall not be constructed of zinc coated (galvanized) metal[, brass, bronze, or other
copper bearing alloys]. Do not install cast iron bodied valves in piping systems that could be exposed to fuel
during system operation.
2.2 ELECTRICAL WORK
NOTE: Coordinate the ignition temperature of the fuel(s) to be handled with
the electrical design. Ignition temperatures will be as defined in NFPA 497M.
Fuel ignition temperatures will dictate the maximum allowable temperature rating
of the electrical equipment.
Provide controllers, integral disconnects, contactors, controls, and control wiring with their respective pieces
of equipment. Provide electrical equipment, including motors and wiring, as specified in Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Provide switches and devices necessary for controlling and protecting electrical equipment.
Controllers and contactors shall have a maximum of 120-volt control circuits and shall have auxiliary contacts
for use with the controls provided.
2.2.1 Underground Wiring
Enclose underground electrical wiring in PVC coated conduit. Dielectrically isolate conduit at any steel storage
tank connection.
2.2.2 Grounding and Bonding
Grounding and bonding shall be in accordance with NFPA 70, NFPA 77, NFPA 407, NFPA 780, API RP 540, API RP 2003
, IEEE Std 142, and IEEE Std 1100. Provide jumpers to overcome the insulating effects of gaskets, paints, or
nonmetallic components.
2.3 LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM
NOTE: This paragraph and subsequent sub-paragraphs address primarily leak detection
systems that conform to 40 CFR 280 and 40 CFR 281. For leak detection systems
applicable to large fuel distribution systems (49 CFR 195), refer to paragraph
COMPUTATIONAL PIPELINE MONITORING SYSTEM.
Provide a system, including sensors and detectors, that is intrinsically safe for use in a Class 1, Division
1, Group D environment as defined by NFPA 70. System shall be compatible with the fuel to be handled. Sensors
shall distinguish and report the difference between hydrocarbons and water. Output and transmission from sensors
and detectors shall be electronic. Sensors shall have a minimum probability of detection of 95 percent and a
maximum probability of false alarm of 5 percent. Sensors and detectors shall be compatible with the electronic
monitoring/alarm panel. Sensors shall be reusable after an alarm condition is sensed. Submit shop drawings
for the leak detection system that include the following.
a. Wiring schematics for all parts of the system showing each operating device and listing
their normal ranges of operating values (including pressures, temperatures, voltages, currents,
speeds, etc.).
b. Single line diagrams of the entire system.
c. Diagrams for posting that include distance markings such that alarm indications can be correlated
to leak location in plan view. The diagrams shall include a piping and wiring display map with
schematic diagrams from the leak detection system manufacturer. The diagrams shall be framed
under glass or laminated plastic and be posted where indicated by the Contracting Officer.
2.3.1 Underground Storage Tanks
NOTE: 40 CFR 280 and 40 CFR 281 define and regulate underground storage tank
(UST) systems. According to these CFRs, UST systems are defined as one or more
combination of underground tanks (including underground pipes connected thereto)
that are used to contain an accumulation of regulated substances, and the volume
of which (including the volume of underground pipes connected thereto) is 10
percent or more beneath the surface of the ground.
Per the CFRs, UST systems do not cover underground tanks less than or equal
to 110 gallons, underground tanks larger than 50,000 gallons, field-constructed
tanks, or hydrant fuel distribution systems.
UFGS 33 56 10 requires all new underground storage tanks be the double-walled
type. The preferred leak detection method for these type tanks is to continuously
and automatically monitor the tank's interstitial space. The system used must
be capable of detecting both fuel released through a tank's interior wall as
well as the influx of ground water through a tank's exterior wall.
System shall continuously and automatically monitor the interstitial space of an underground tank for breaches
in the integrity of the inner and/or outer tank shells. Monitor the interstitial space by using either an electronic
capacitance type liquid sensor or a positive pressure system. Monitoring the interstitial space of a fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) tank may be performed using a liquid-filled interstitial space monitoring system. The
liquid solution used in a liquid-filled interstitial shall be freeze protected (brine) and shall contain appropriate
corrosion inhibitors. The monitoring system shall detect and discriminate between high and low brine level conditions.
2.3.2 Aboveground Vaulted Storage Tanks
NOTE: Delete this paragraph if interstitial monitoring is not required by the
Using Agency. Interstitial monitoring for aboveground tanks is not required.
As mentioned previously, this specification does not address the monitoring
of tank bottoms for field-fabricated, vertical storage tanks. For these type
applications refer to Standard Design AW 78-24-27 ABOVEGROUND VERTICAL STEEL
TANKS W/FLOATING PANS AND FIXED ROOFS.
System shall continuously and automatically monitor the interstitial space of a vaulted tank for breaches in
the integrity of the primary tank and the exterior vaulted shell. Monitor the interstitial space with electronic
capacitance type liquid sensors.
2.3.3 Underground Piping
NOTE: This paragraph addresses the leak detection requirements associated with
underground piping (both pressurized and suction) that is regulated by 40 CFR
280 and 40 CFR 281 (typically 4 inch diameter pipe or less). For these type
applications, the use of an automatic line leak detector is required. In conjunction
with an automatic line leak detector, the use of double-walled piping and a
continuous monitoring/alarm system is the suggested leak detection design strategy.
The use of integrally installed liquid and/or vapor sensors installed within
the interstitial space of double-walled piping is discouraged and is not covered
in this specification.
Delete this paragraph for large, pipeline designs (e.g., hydrant fuel distribution
systems, etc.).
System shall continuously and automatically monitor for piping leaks using an automatic line leak detector.
Detector shall detect a minimum leak rate of 0.003 L/s 3 gallons per hour at 69 kPa 10 psig line pressure within
1 hour. Detector shall detect leaks against a minimum 1.8 m 6 feet of head pressure. Detector shall detect
leaks from any portion of the underground product piping.
2.3.4 Containment Sumps
NOTE: In most fueling applications, sumps are used in various locations (e.g.,
low drain points, high vent points, aboveground to belowground piping transitions,
underneath fuel dispensers, above UST manways, etc.).
Within each sump, require liquid sensors to be installed to monitor for the
influx of liquids (fuel or water). Where double-wall piping is used for the
fuel distribution, slope the piping appropriately from sump to sump in order
to assure immediate notification of any piping failure.
System shall continuously and automatically monitor each containment sump [and dispenser sump] with an electronic
capacitance type liquid sensor. Sensor shall detect liquids within a minimum of 25 mm 1 inch above a sump's
bottom.
2.3.5 Monitoring Wells
NOTE: For wells where groundwater could possibly come in contact with the sensor
being used, specify a hydrocarbon/groundwater type sensor. For locations where
groundwater is not a concern, specify a vapor type sensor.
System shall continuously and automatically monitor each monitoring well with a [hydrocarbon/groundwater] [vapor]
sensor. [Hydrocarbon/groundwater sensor shall distinguish the difference between hydrocarbons and water while
totally immersed in groundwater. Sensor shall sense when the groundwater level has reached a minimum definable
setpoint.] [Vapor sensor shall detect vapors of the fuel to be handled as well as sense the presence of liquid.]
2.4 ELECTRONIC MONITORING/ALARM PANEL
NOTE: Use a single panel to monitor all applicable sensors and detectors if
possible. Delete any of the items of this paragraph that are not applicable.
Panel shall perform continuous integrity checks on the status of each sensor's connections and wiring. Panel
shall include a battery backup (rechargeable) that can operate the complete leak detection system during a power
failure for a minimum period of 48 hours. Submit shop drawings of the panel layout along with panel mounting
and support details. Panel shall be compatible with and connected to the following:
a. Tank interstitial sensors and detectors.
b. Sump sensors and detectors.
c. Automatic line leak detectors.
d. Monitoring well sensors and detectors.
e. Digital tank gauge system as defined in Section 33 56 10 FACTORY-FABRICATED FUEL STORAGE
TANKS.
2.4.1 Panel Housing
NOTE: Panels located outdoors require NEMA 4 enclosures. Panels located indoors
only require a standard industrial enclosure. Explosion-proof enclosures are
currently unavailable.
Panel housing shall be a [NEMA 4 rated enclosure in accordance with NEMA 250] [standard industrial enclosure].
Panel housing shall have a hinged door to swing left or right (doors shall not swing up or down).
2.4.2 Panel Alarms
NOTE: Delete any of the items of this paragraph that are not applicable.
Panel shall account for the effects of thermal expansion or contraction of the fuel product, vapor pockets, tank
or piping deformation, evaporation or condensation, as well as groundwater levels (if applicable) prior to initiating
an alarm condition. Panel shall produce an audible and visual alarm in the event any of the following occur.
a. Sensing of a hydrocarbon liquid from a sensor or detector.
b. Sensing of a hydrocarbon vapor from a sensor or detector.
c. Sensing of water from a sensor or detector.
d. Failure of an automatic line leak test.
e. Loss of pressure in positively pressurized tank interstitial.
f. Sensing a high or low liquid level in liquid-filled tank interstitial.
g. Sensing minimum groundwater setpoint.
h. Failure of any integrity check.
i. Sensing tank high, high-high, or low level alarm conditions.
2.4.2.1 Audible Alarm
NOTE: If speakers external to the panel are necessary, indicate their location
on the drawings.
Panel shall have [internal] [external] speakers that produce a buzzer sound of [70] [_____] decibels or greater
in the event of a detected alarm condition.
2.4.2.2 Visual Alarm
Panel shall have a visual alarm that illuminates in the event of a detected alarm condition. Visual alarm shall
include either individual lights for each alarm condition or shall include a single light and a liquid crystal
display (LCD) panel that displaces information regarding each alarm condition.
2.4.3 Acknowledge Switch
Panel shall have a manual acknowledge switch that will deactivate the audible alarm. Acknowledge switch shall
not deactivate subsequent audible alarms unless depressed manually again for each occurrence. Under no circumstance
shall this acknowledgement switch extinguish the visual alarms until the alarm condition has been corrected.
Switches shall be an integral component located on the front panel and be either a key switch or push button.
2.5 COMPUTATIONAL PIPELINE MONITORING SYSTEM
NOTE: For large, underground fuel distribution applications, coordinate the
need for a leak detection system with the Using Agency. If leak detection is
desired, include this paragraph. EPA has not established a minimum detectable
leak rate for systems not regulated by 40 CFR 280. For applicable requirements,
refer to 49 CFR 195.
CPM system can be permanently mounted or can be configured to be portable.
For permanently mounted systems, indicated the location of the system on the
drawings. For portable systems, indicate the piping connection point(s) on
the drawings.
CPM system shall conform to API RP 1130. System shall detect leaks as small as 0.004 percent of the pipeline
volume within 1 hour. System shall account for thermal effects on the piping and fuel. System shall be compatible
with the fuel to be handled. System shall be [permanently mounted where indicated][provided as a complete, portable
system].
2.6 FINISHES
2.6.1 Factory Coating
NOTE: For all Navy projects (regardless of location), the 500 hour salt spray
test is required and must be specified.
For Army projects, a salt spray test is optional. The 125 hour test is suggested
for mild or noncorrosive environments. The 500 hour test is suggested for extremely
corrosive environments.
Unless otherwise specified, provide equipment and components fabricated from ferrous metal with the manufacturer's
standard factory finish.[ Each factory finish shall be capable of withstanding [125][500] hours exposure to
the salt spray test specified in ASTM B 117. For test acceptance, the test specimen shall show no signs of blistering,
wrinkling, cracking, or loss of adhesion and no sign of rust creepage beyond 3 mm 1/8 inch on either side of
the scratch mark immediately after completion of the test.] For equipment and component surfaces subject to
temperatures above 50 degrees C 120 degrees F, the factory coating shall be appropriately designed for the temperature
service.
2.6.2 Field Painting
Painting required for surfaces not otherwise specified shall be field painted as specified in [Section
09 97 13.27 EXTERIOR COATING OF STEEL STRUCTURES][Section 09 90 00 PAINTING, GENERAL]. Do not paint stainless
steel and aluminum surfaces. Do not coat equipment or components provided with a complete factory coating.
Prior to any field painting, clean surfaces to remove dust, dirt, rust, oil, and grease.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
NOTE: During design, layout equipment and components to allow adequate access
for routine maintenance. Do not rely solely on the Contractor to make these
judgments. Show access doors where applicable for maintenance.
Install parts requiring periodic inspection, operation, maintenance, and repair in locations that allow ready
access. Install leak detection system and components in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions.
3.1.1 Storage Tank Sensors/Detectors
Install interstitial tank sensors and detectors at the tank's low end. Sensor installation shall be in accordance
with the tank manufacturer's recommendations and shall not compromise the tank's secondary containment in any
manner. Sensors shall be easily removed from a tank. Connection of metal conduit to steel tanks shall be with
dielectric fittings.
3.1.2 Automatic Line Leak Detector
Install detector on discharge side of each submersible pump in accordance with the pump and detector manufacturer's
recommendations.
3.1.3 Sensors in Sumps
Install sensors in the low point of a sump in accordance with sump and sensor manufacturer's recommendations.
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.2.1 Leak Detection System Test
Activate and test the entire leak detection system in accordance with manufacturer's testing procedures. Use
the electronic monitoring/alarm panel to record and present the results.
3.2.2 Storage Tank Tightness Tests
Storage tank tightness tests shall be performed in accordance with Section 33 56 10 FACTORY-FABRICATED FUEL STORAGE
TANKS. Use the electronic monitoring/alarm panel to record and present the results.
3.2.3 Tank Fill Tests
High liquid level alarm tests on storage tanks shall be performed in accordance with Section 33 56 10 FACTORY-FABRICATED
FUEL STORAGE TANKS. Use the electronic monitoring/alarm panel to record and present the results.
3.3 DEMONSTRATIONS
Conduct a training session for designated Government personnel in the operation and maintenance procedures related
to the equipment/systems specified herein. Include pertinent safety operational procedures in the session as
well as physical demonstrations of the routine maintenance operations. Furnish instructors who are familiar
with the installation/equipment/systems, both operational and practical theories, and associated routine maintenance
procedures. The training session shall consist of a total of [_____] hours of normal working time and shall
start after the system is functionally completed, but prior to final system acceptance. Submit a letter, at
least 14 working days prior to the proposed training date, scheduling a proposed date for conducting the onsite
training.