USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-43 11 00 (April 2008)
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Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding
UFGS-43 11 00 (January 2008)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2009
SECTION 43 11 00
FANS/BLOWERS/PUMPS; OFF-GAS
04/08
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for fans, blowers or
vacuum pumps and drive units.
Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting,
or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert
appropriate information.
Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether
or not brackets are present.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 UNIT PRICES
NOTE: On many hazardous, toxic, radioactive waste (HTRW) projects, the Contractor
is required to treat air or off-gas, as well as furnish the equipment. Measurement
and payment and unit pricing may be necessary to cover treatment costs.
When it is determined that lump sum contract is advisable this paragraph will
be deleted.
Measurement and payment will be based on completed work performed in accordance with the drawings, specifications,
and the contract payment schedules. No additional payment will be made for installation, calibration or commissioning
of the equipment.
1.1.1 Measurement
Volume of [air supplied] [off-gas treated] will be determined by initial and final meter readings.
1.1.2 Payment
Payment will be made for volume of [air supplied] [off-gas treated] at the contract unit price per actual cubic
meter foot. Payment will include the furnishing of testing, plant, labor, and material and incidentals necessary
to complete the work, as specified and as shown.
1.2 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
[ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (ASA)ASA S2.19(1999; R 2004) Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality Requirements of Rigid Rotors, Part 1: Determination of Permissible Residual Unbalance, Including Marine Applications][AIR MOVEMENT AND CONTROL ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL (AMCA)AMCA 210(2007) Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Aerodynamic Performance RatingAMCA 300(2005) Reverberant Room Method for Sound Testing of FansAMCA 301(2005) Methods for Calculating Fan Sound Ratings from Laboratory Test DataAMCA 99(2003) Standards Handbook][AMERICAN BEARING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (ABMA)ABMA 11(1990; R 1999) Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Roller BearingsABMA 9(1990; R 2000) Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball Bearings][AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)ACGIH-2092S(2004) Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice][AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION (AGA)AGA B109.2(2000)Diaphragm-Type Gas Displacement Meters (500 cubic ft./hour Capacity and Over)][AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (AGMA)AGMA 6011(2003i) Specifications for High Speed Helical Gear Units][AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)API Spec 6D(2008; Errata 2008; Errata 2008) Specification for Pipeline Valves][AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)ASHRAE 52.1(1992; Interpretation 1 2007) Gravimetric and Dust-Spot Procedures for Testing Air-Cleaning Devices Used in General Ventilation for Removing Particulate Matter][ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME)ASME B16.1(2005) Standard for Gray Iron Threaded Fittings; Classes 125 and 250ASME B16.40(2002; Errata 2003) Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas Distribution SystemsASME B16.5(2003) Standard for Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24ASME B40.100(2005) Pressure Gauges and Gauge AttachmentsASME BPVC SEC VIII D1(2007; Addenda 2008) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section VIII, Pressure Vessels Division 1 - Basic CoverageASME PTC 19.3(1974; R 2004) Temperature Measurement Instruments and ApparatusASME PTC 25(2001) Pressure Relief Devices][ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 4167(1997; R 2007) Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Fans and BlowersASTM F 1139(1988; R 2004) Steam Traps and DrainsASTM F 1508(1996; R 2004) Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services][ISA - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AUTOMATION (ISA)ISA MC96.1(1982) Temperature Measurement Thermocouples][MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS)MSS SP-25(2008) Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and UnionsMSS SP-72(1999) Standard for Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends for General Service][NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA)NEMA ICS 1(2000; R 2005; R 2008) Standard for Industrial Control and Systems General RequirementsNEMA ICS 6(1993; R 2006) Standard for Industrial Controls and Systems EnclosuresNEMA MG 1(2007; Errata 2008) Standard for Motors and Generators][NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)NFPA 70(2007; AMD 1 2008) National Electrical Code - 2008 Edition][NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST)NIST SP 250(1991) Calibration Services Users Guide][U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)47 CFR 15Radio Frequency Devices][WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION (WEF)WEF MOP OM-5(1984) Prime Movers: Engines, Motors, Turbines, Pumps, Blowers & Generators]1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.3.1 Design Requirements
NOTE: Determine design wind speed from ASCE 7 or UFC 3-310-01. Use 161 km/h
(100 mph) minimum. Use 1.2 kPa (25 psf) snow load for most heavy snow climates;
delete snow load where maximum snow is not a factor. In some cases, local climates
and topography will dictate that a value greater than 197 Pa (25 psf) be used
for snow loading; this may be determined from ANSI A58.1, local codes, or by
research and analysis of the effect of local climate and topography. Coordinate
with paragraph Seismic Requirements in PART 3.
Capacity and design of the air moving equipment and accessories shall be suitable for 24-hour full load service
in an [outdoor] [indoor] [_____] location, and shall meet the following criteria.
a. Design Life
Minimum [_____] years.
b. Altitude (above MSL)
Minimum [_____] m ft.
c. Barometric pressure
Maximum [_____] kPa in Hg.
Minimum [_____] kPa in Hg.
d. Ambient air temperature
Maximum [_____] degrees C F.
Minimum [_____] degrees C F.
e. Seismic parameters [_____]
f. Soil bearing capacity
Maximum [_____] MPa psf.
g. Wind speed
Maximum [_____] km/h mph.
h. Ground snow load
Minimum [_____] kPa psf.
i. Air relative humidity
Maximum [100+] [_____] percent.
Minimum [_____] percent.
1.3.2 Selection Criteria
NOTE: Requirements included here may limit the selection of specified equipment.
Design air moving equipment using criteria based upon actual model developmental test data, and select it at
a point within the maximum efficiency for a given impeller/casing combination. Deviations within [10] [5] [3]
percent of maximum efficiency are permissible. Air moving equipment having impeller diameters larger than [90]
[95] percent of the published maximum impeller diameter for the casing, or less than [15] [10] [5] percent larger
than the published minimum impeller diameter for the casing, will be rejected. Do not base acceptable maximum
impeller diameter calculations on percentage of impeller diameter range for a given casing.
1.3.3 Performance Requirements
NOTE: Provide required information for each air mover identified on the drawings.
Co-ordinate with PART 2 and delete inapplicable requirements. Verify that more
than one manufacturer's product can meet the efficiency requirement, ideally
more than three.
Equipment identification number [_____] shall be [appropriate for the capacity requirements of this paragraph]
[a fan] [a blower] [a vacuum pump] [_____]. [Standard] [Actual] output volume shall be a minimum of [_____]
cubic meters/second cfs at a [minimum inlet] [minimum positive discharge] pressure of [_____] kPa feet of water
[gage] [actual] [positive] [vacuum]. The minimum efficiency shall be [_____] percent under the stated conditions.
1.3.4 Service Conditions
NOTE: Delete chemical data if the equipment is designed to deliver a fresh
air supply. Standard materials will be adequate.
Service [air supply to] [vapor collected from] [municipal landfill] [hazardous waste landfill] [petroleum spill]
[subsurface remediation unit] [air stripper]. Anticipated contaminant concentration in the [air] [vapor] [off-gas]
is:
[_____] [_____] ug/L Maximum
[_____] ug/L Average
pH [_____] Minimum
[_____] Average
[_____] Maximum
Sulfide [_____] mg/L Maximum
[_____] mg/L Average
Ammonia [_____] mg/L Maximum
[_____] mg/L Average
1.4 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Detailed Drawings[; G][; G, [_____]]
Drawings showing dimensions of the equipment and layout of the off-gas system and subsystems,
as specified.
Detailed Process Flow Diagrams[; G][; G, [_____]]
Flow diagram for process equipment associated with the off-gas system, as specified.
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram[; G][; G, [_____]]
Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), as specified.
Control System[; G][; G, [_____]]
Wiring and ladder diagrams. Control sequences showing the control of the entire system.
SD-03 Product Data
Flame Arrestor[; G][; G, [_____]]
Rating, capacity and pressure differentials. Make and model, catalog cuts, manufacturer's
descriptive and technical literature including installation instructions.
Instrumentation[; G][; G, [_____]]
Detailed manufacturer's data on the overall controls, sensors, process controllers, control
operators, valves, interlocks and alarms. Data describing in detail the equipment used.
Air Moving Equipment[; G][; G, [_____]]
Capacities and pressure differentials; performance charts and curves (including the complete
selection of impeller sizes for a given casing for centrifugal blowers). Make and model, catalog
cuts, manufacturer's descriptive and technical literature, including installation instructions.
Approved diagrams showing the complete layout of the entire system, including equipment, piping,
valves, wiring and control sequence. Condensed operating instructions in typed form explaining
preventative maintenance procedures, safe methods of checking the equipment for normal operation,
and safe procedures for starting and stopping the equipment. Diagrams and instructions, framed
under glass or in approved laminated plastic, shall be posted where directed before acceptance
testing of the systems.
Complete list of equipment and materials. A listing covering component items forming a system
or items that are interrelated and scheduled to be coordinated and submitted concurrently.
Certifications to be submitted with the pertinent drawings shall be so scheduled. Include in
the data tabular lists showing location, features, or other pertinent information regarding
products, materials, equipment, or components to be used in the work.
Variable Speed Controls[; G][; G, [_____]]
Capacities and capacity ranges; performance charts and curves. Make and model, catalog cuts,
manufacturer's descriptive and technical literature, including installation instructions.
Field Training
Training course curriculum and training instructions 14 days prior to the start of training.
SD-06 Test Reports
Field Testing
Test reports in booklet form showing field tests performed to adjust each component and field
tests performed to prove compliance with the specified performance criteria, upon completion
and testing of the installed equipment. Test methods used shall be identified and test results
shall be recorded. Indicate in each test report the final position of controls.
SD-07 Certificates
Air Moving Equipment
Written certification signed by an official authorized to certify on behalf of the manufacturer
of the product, equipment or material, attesting that equipment has been tested and that it
conforms to the specified requirements. Statements shall be dated after contract award, shall
state the Contractor's name and address, the project and location, and the specific requirements
which are being certified. Indicate in the certificate the methods of testing used. In lieu
of a certificate, a seal or label from a nationally recognized testing agency will be acceptable
as evidence that the equipment conforms to agency requirements.
Manufacturer's Representative
The names and qualifications of the manufacturer's representative and training engineers,
and written certification from the manufacturer that the representative and trainers are qualified
in the appropriate technical areas.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Operating and Maintenance Instructions
[Six] [_____] complete copies of operating instructions outlining the step-by-step procedures
required for system startup, operation and shutdown. Include in the operating instructions
the following for system components: manufacturer's name, model number, service manual, parts
list, and brief description of each piece of equipment and its basic operating features; flow
diagrams; system layout showing piping, valves, and controls; [as-built] [approved] wiring and
control diagrams; control sequence describing startup, operation, and shutdown; manufacturer's
bulletins, cuts, and descriptive data.
[Six] [_____] complete copies of maintenance instructions for each piece of equipment including
the following: manufacturer's complete list of parts, recommended spare parts and supplies,
with current unit prices and source of supply; routine maintenance procedures, including the
requirements of WEF MOP OM-5, as a minimum; possible breakdowns and repairs; a troubleshooting
guide to help the operator determine what steps must be taken to correct any equipment problems.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.5.1 Contractor
Contractor shall have a minimum of [2] [3] [5] [_____] years of experience in the construction of systems for
handling sour gas, condensable gas, off-gas or vapor.
1.5.2 Single Source Supplier
Assign to a single supplier full responsibility for the furnishing of the off-gas moving system. The designated
single supplier, however, need not manufacture the system but shall coordinate the selection, assembly, installation,
and testing of the entire system as specified herein.
1.5.3 Manufacturer's Representative
Provide the services of a manufacturer's field service representative who is experienced in the installation
of the equipment furnished and who has complete knowledge of the proper operation and maintenance of the system.
1.5.4 Detailed Drawings
Submit detailed drawings including location of components, layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances,
equipment relationship to other parts of the work, clearances for maintenance and operation. Drawings shall
be to the approved scale.
1.5.5 Detailed Process Flow Diagrams
Submit detailed process flow diagrams and data including, but not limited to: air and off-gas stream flows, direction
of flow, range of flow rate and range of composition, identified by lines and arrows denoting the direction and
destination of the flow; material, mass and energy balances for the entire air and off-gas system; subsystem
equipment, operating capacity and operating conditions; blowers and pumps, valves and other in-line devices;
sizes of conveying devices (pipe, ducts, etc.); number of parallel components or lines.
1.5.6 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Submit a piping and instrumentation diagram indicating: process equipment; instrumentation; piping and valves;
stacks, vents and dampers; control equipment (including sensors, process controllers, control operators, valves,
interlocks, and alarms); labels and other necessary information to correlate to the process flow diagram. The
P&ID shall include blowers and pumps, valves and other in-line devices.
1.6 PARTNERING/PRE-INSTALLATION MEETING
NOTE: Remove this paragraph when meeting is not required.
[Partnering] [Pre-installation] meeting will be required. Ensure that involved subContractors, suppliers, and
manufacturers are [notified] [represented]. Furnish the date and time of the meeting to the Contracting Officer
for approval.
1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
Store in a clean, dry location equipment delivered to the site and designated for storage; cover the equipment
for protection against dust and moisture. Equipment stored longer than 60 days shall have silica bags suspended
in the outlet and inlet of unit, bearings shall be filled full of grease, unit shall be filled with oil, machine
surfaces shall be coated with grease, and entire unit shall be enclosed with plastic or tarps. Shaft of rotating
equipment including motors shall be turned every two weeks to prevent flat spots on bearings.
1.8 SEQUENCING AND SCHEDULING
NOTE: Coordinate with the appropriate air pollution control equipment. The
temperature increase induced by the air moving equipment may affect the materials
selected in other Sections of the contract. Review the table of contents to
assure that appropriate specifications have been included.
Details of and requirements for [stack] [vapor injection] [vapor extraction well construction] [_____] and treatment
equipment are included in other sections of this specification. Notify the Contracting Officer of any deviations
from head conditions specified for the source and discharge to ensure coordination with this Section. Pipe and
valves not specified in this Section shall be in accordance with Section 31 21 00 PIPING; OFF-GAS.
1.9 EXTRA MATERIALS
NOTE: This paragraph covers items to be furnished to the Government by the
Contractor for future maintenance and repair. Items that might be difficult
to obtain because of color or pattern match, or spare parts needed to ensure
continued operation of critical equipment should be included. Specifications
should identify the items, state the quantities required, and indicate to whom,
when, and where items are to be delivered. Insert text as required or remove
this paragraph.
Deliver auxillary equipment, tools and spare parts at the same time as the equipment to which they pertain.
Protect and safeguard the equipment, tools and parts until completion of the work, at which time they shall be
delivered to the Contracting Officer. Furnish auxiliary equipment and spare as follows:
a. Spare parts for each different item of material and equipment specified including the parts recommended
by the manufacturer to be replaced after [1] [and] [3] [year] [years] service.
b. For each air mover: one extra of each part used that is made from glass, hard rubber, or clear plastic;
one complete set of gaskets; [4] [_____] air intake filter replacement cartridges.
c. One complete set of special tools, calibration devices, and instruments [as recommended by the manufacturer
for field maintenance of the system] [as required for operation, calibration, and maintenance of the
equipment] shall be provided. Special tools are considered to be those tools which, because of their
limited use, are not normally available but which are necessary for the particular equipment. Special
tools shall be high-grade, smooth, forged, alloy, tool steel.
d. One or more [tool boxes] [tool boards] [steel tool cases] complete with flat key locks, two keys,
and clips or hooks to hold each special tool mounted [in the equipment room] [on the wall in a convenient
location] [as directed by the Contracting Officer].
e. One [pressure] [lever type] grease gun or other lubricating device for each type of grease required.
f. [_____] sheaves of differing diameter covering the range of operation of belt driven equipment.
g. [_____].
1.10 MAINTENANCE SERVICE
NOTE: This paragraph covers provisions for maintenance service as applicable
to critical systems, equipment, and landscaping. Insert text as required or
remove this paragraph.
Maintenance service shall include [_____].
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
2.1.1 Standard Products
Provide materials and equipment which are the standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture
of such products and that essentially duplicate equipment that has been in satisfactory operation at least [2]
[_____] years prior to bid opening. Equipment shall be supported by a service organization that is, in the opinion
of the Contracting Officer, reasonably convenient to the site. Pieces of equipment of the same types shall be
products of the same manufacturer. Equipment shall be new and unused, except for test equipment. Materials
may be reprocessed/recycled with equivalent durability and product warranty/guarantee.
2.1.2 Nameplates
Each piece of equipment shall have a standard nameplate securely affixed in a conspicuous place showing the manufacturer's
name, address, type or style, model, serial number, and catalog number. In addition, the nameplate for each
air moving unit shall show the capacity in standard cubic meters/second feet per minute (SCFM) at rated speed
in rpm and head in kPa inches of water. Nameplate for each electrical motor shall show, at least, the minimum
information required by paragraph 10.38 of NEMA MG 1. Any other information that the manufacturer may consider
necessary to complete identification shall be shown on the nameplate.
2.2 AIR MOVING EQUIPMENT
NOTE: Coordinate these paragraphs with a schedule on the drawings showing the
air moving equipment identification number and type and with paragraph Performance
Requirements. Delete inappropriate types of equipment or service.
Furnish and install air moving equipment complete with drive units, filters, controls and appurtenances indicated
or specified. Equipment shall be capable of operating at partial-load conditions without increased vibration
over the normal vibration at full load operation and shall be capable of continuous operation down to the lowest
step of unloading. Provide each unit with unloading, vibration isolators, thermal overloads, high-and-low pressure
safety cutoffs, low oil pressure cutout, internal motor-winding temperature sensing protection device, internal
pressure relief valve, a complete oil charge, and protection against short cycling.
2.3 FANS
NOTE: See Section 1 (Fans and Systems) of AMCA 201 (Fan Application Manual)
for additional guidance on selection of fans.
Fans shall be centrifugal or propeller type as best suited for the application.
2.3.1 Single-Stage
NOTE: Fan pressure will vary with fan revolutions per minute (RPM) ratio squared.
Single stage equipment allows flow variation at low end pressure.
Fans are generally divided into two classifications based on the airflow through
the impeller. The classes are centrifugal and axial. In axial fans, airflow
is parallel to the shaft. Axial fans are most commonly used in low static pressure
applications, while centrifugal fans are used at higher static pressures.
A single-stage fan is allowable for the capacity range 0.025 to 50 cubic meters/second 53 to 106,000 cfm at pressure
ranges from 0.25 to 15 kPa 0.08 to 5 feet of water column.
2.3.2 Industrial Centrifugal
An industrial centrifugal fan is allowable for the capacity range over 45 cubic meters/second 95,000 cfm at pressure
ranges from 7.5 to 12 kPa 2.5 to 4 feet of water column.
2.3.3 Pressure Blower
A pressure blower fan is allowable for the capacity range of less than 2.4 cubic meters/second 5,100 cfm at pressure
ranges from 10 to 30 kPa 3.3 to 10 feet of water column.
2.3.4 Multiple Stage
NOTE: Multiple stages limit volume and develop pressures toward the upper end.
A multi-stage pressure blower fan is allowable for the capacity of less than 3.3 cubic meters/second 7,000 cfm
at pressure ranges up to 70 kPa 23 feet of water column or vacuum to -40 kPa -13 feet of water column.
2.3.5 Backwards Inclined Impeller
NOTE: If the flow is relatively clean, backwards inclined impeller fans should
be specified for higher efficiency and quieter operation.
A backwards inclined impeller fan is allowable for the capacity range over 190 cubic meters/second 403,000 cfm
and pressure ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 kPa 0.84 to 1.5 feet of water column.
2.4 DYNAMIC BLOWERS
NOTE: Dynamic blowers should be designed for highest inlet pressure loss and
highest inlet air temperature conditions within the design operating range.
Dynamic blowers shall be oil-free and of modular design with the required number of compression stages to comply
with the specified operating requirements.
2.4.1 Single Stage Centrifugal
A single stage centrifugal blower is allowable for pressure ranges from 0.25 to 7.5 kPa 0.084 to 2.5 feet of
water column.
2.4.2 Regenerative
NOTE: Regenerative blowers are compact single or multi-stage centrifugal blowers.
A regenerative blower is allowable for capacity up to 5 cubic meters/second 10,000 cfm and pressure ranges of
20 to 60 kPa 6.7 to 20 feet of water column or vacuum up to -35 kPa -12 feet of water column.
2.4.3 Axial Flow
An axial flow blower is allowable for pressure ranges higher than 70 kPa 23 feet of water column or vacuum requirements
greater than -40 kPa -13 feet of water column.
2.5 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT BLOWERS
2.5.1 Rotary Lobe
A rotary lobe blower is allowable for capacity up to 14 cubic meters/second 30,000 cfm at pressures higher than
125 kPa 42 feet of water column or up to 10 cubic meters/second 21,200 cfm at vacuum up to -125 kPa -41.8 feet
of water column.
2.5.2 Helical Screw
A helical screw blower is allowable for capacity up to 1 cubic meter/second 2,100 cfm and pressure ranges of
30 to 60 kPa 10 to 20 feet of water column or vacuum up to -35 kPa -11.7 feet of water column.
2.6 VACUUM PUMPS
2.6.1 Dry Rotary Blower
A dry rotary blower vacuum pump is allowed for vacuum flows of 1 cubic meter/second 2,100 cfm at -90 kPa -30.1
feet of water column to 6 cubic meters/second 12,700 cfm at -60 kPa -20.1 feet of water column.
2.6.2 Water-Sealed Rotary Blower
A water-sealed rotary blower vacuum pump is allowed for vacuum flows of 1 cubic meter/second 2,100 cfm at -80
kPa -26.8 feet of water column to 6 cubic meters/second 12,700 cfm at -70 kPa -23.4 feet of water column.
2.6.3 Rotary Vane
A rotary vane vacuum pump is allowed for vacuum flows of 2.5 cubic m/second 5,300 cfm at -100 kPa -33.5 feet
of water column to 4.25 cubic m/second 9,000 cfm at -60 kPa -20.1 feet of water column. Oil injection and outlet
demisting systems shall be included for each rotary vane vacuum pump.
2.6.4 Liquid Ring
A liquid ring vacuum pump is allowed for vacuum flows of 2.5 cubic m/second 5,300 cfm at -80 kPa -26.8 feet of
water column to 8 cubic m/second 16,950 cfm at -60 kPa -20.1 feet of water column. Water injection systems and
outlet water separation systems shall be included for each liquid ring vacuum pump.
2.7 CASING OR HOUSING
Casing or housing shall be of modular design to permit inspection or removal and replacement of wearing parts.
Ample clearance shall be provided between the impeller or blades and casing. Casing shall incorporate ribbed
construction to resist heat accumulation, deflection and distortion under the specified operating conditions.
2.7.1 Constructiion Materials
NOTE: Three types of spark resistant construction are available for fans as
detailed by AMCA 99-0401 (Classification for Spark Resistant Construction).
Temperature is limited to 177 degrees C (350 degrees F) when using aluminum
parts.
Type A - all aluminum fan housing, inlet cone and wheel with a ground and polished
steel shaft cover with an aluminum sleeve.
Type B - aluminum wheel and wear plate where shaft passes through the housing.
Type C - aluminum inlet cone and wear plate where shaft passes through the housing.
Fabrication shall be from [alloy steel] [monel] [316 stainless steel] [304 stainless steel] [heavy gauge hot
rolled low carbon steel with continuous welds] [fiberglass in accordance with ASTM D 4167]. Construction shall
be close grain cast [iron] [aluminum Type [A] [B] [C] in accordance with AMCA 99] of uniform quality and free
from blowholes, porosity, hard spots, shrinkage defects, cracks, and other injurious defects.
2.7.2 Single Piece Casing
Single piece casings shall have separate head plates.
2.7.3 Horizontally Split Casing
Horizontally split casings shall be machined at the split to maintain the pressure without a gasket.
2.7.4 Vertically Split Casing
Vertically split casings shall consist of rigid sections secured between inlet and outlet heads by steel tie
rods.
2.7.5 Connections
2.7.5.1 Inlet and Discharge Connections
NOTE: Threaded and sweat connections should be considered if flange-connected
types are not available in small capacity units.
Inlet and discharge connections shall be ASME B16.1 or ASME B16.5 [Class 125] [125 pound] [_____] drilled and
tapped flanges and shall be an integral part of the head. Connections 75 mm 3 inches in diameter and smaller
shall be [threaded] [sweat] [_____].
2.7.5.2 Casing Drains
Tapped and plugged drains shall be provided at the low points in the casing.
2.7.5.3 Lifting Eyes
Casing shall have lifting eyes capable of supporting the equipment for installation and maintenance purposes.
2.8 BLADES OR IMPELLERS
NOTE: Require non-sparkling impeller material if it is likely that the mixture
of air and other gases will be within the explosive limits during the project
life.
Blades, vanes or impellers shall be cast or fabricated [iron] [aluminum] [aluminum alloy] [fiberglass] [monel]
[steel] [carbon steel] [phenolic coated steel] [PTFE coated steel] [304 stainless steel] [316 stainless steel]
[non-sparkling material].
2.8.1 Dynamic Impellers
Guide or diffuser vanes configured to receive and direct flow to the downstream impeller shall be provided at
the inlet to each centrifugal blower stage. Centrifugal impellers shall be [open radial bladed] [closed backward
bladed]. Multiple stage impeller hubs shall butt against each other either directly or through one piece metal
spacers.
2.8.2 Rotary Lobe Impellers
Rotary lobe impellers shall be of the straight, two-lobe involute type and shall operate without rubbing, liquid
seals, or lubrication.
2.9 SHAFT
Shaft shall be made of accurately machined, ground and polished high grade [ductile iron casting] [alloy steel]
[stainless steel] [carbon steel]. Impellers or blade [and shaft shall be a common casting.] [assembly shall be
mounted and keyed to the shaft and secured by a lock nut.] Design shall permit inspection or replacement of
the [seals] [and] [bearings] without [disconnecting suction or discharge piping] [disassembling the casing].
The shaft shall be designed to operate at below [80] [90] percent of the first critical speed. Shaft shall be
of sufficient diameter, mass and strength to perform the work required with minimum vibration.
2.10 SEALS, GASKETS AND PACKING
Gasket and packing material selection shall be in accordance with Table 5-2 of WEF MOP OM-5. Gasket and seal
ratings shall encompass the maximum pressure or vacuum capacity of the equipment and the ranges of temperature
and quality of the off-gas or air.
2.10.1 Shaft Seals
Solid carbon mechanical ring shaft seals shall be provided where the shaft passes through the inlet and discharge
heads. Seals shall be [purged] [or] [non purged], [balanced] [or] [unbalanced] to conform to specified service
requirements. Ventilation to the atmosphere on the impeller side of shaft seals shall be provided to eliminate
carry-over of lubricant into the air stream.
2.10.2 Internal Seals
Labyrinth seals shall be provided between blower stages.
2.10.3 Bearing Seals
A [lip type oil] [grease] seal shall be provided at each bearing to prevent lubricant from leaking into the output.
Ventilation of the impeller side of oil seals to atmosphere shall be provided to eliminate any carry-over of
lubricant into the air stream.
2.11 BEARINGS
NOTE: Verify bearing L-10 life requirements.
2.11.1 Shaft Bearings
Shaft shall be supported by anti-friction [spherical ball] [roller] bearings designed for both radial and thrust
loads and sized for a minimum L-10 life of [30,000 hours] [50,000 hours] [5 years] continuous operation as defined
by ABMA 9 or ABMA 11.
2.11.2 Blower Bearings
NOTE: Delete inapplicable lubrication methods.
Each blower shall be provided with two [pressure, oil lubricated, sleeve type journal] [splash, oil lubricated,
anti-friction type] [oil bath lubricated] [grease lubricated] bearings. Bearings shall be self-aligning, shall
be designed for both radial and thrust loads and shall be sized for an L-10 life of [30,000 hours] [50,000 hours]
[5 years] continuous operation as defined by ABMA 9 or ABMA 11. It shall be possible to replace the bearings
without disassembling the casing or disconnecting piping.
2.12 DRIVE CONNECTION
NOTE: Direct-driven equipment is limited to common synchronous motor speeds
(3600, 1800, and 1200 rpm). This equipment is usually noisier than belt-driven
equipment because it tends to run at higher speeds. Motors that run slower than
1800 rpm are expensive and not as readily available.
On belt-driven equipment, the speed is increased or decreased by changing pulleys
or changing the diameter of adjustable pitch pulleys. On a fixed air moving
system, flow rate is directly proportional to speed. The power requirement
varies with the cube of the speed. A 25 percent increase in speed raises the
flow rate 25 percent, but it almost doubles the power requirement. V-belts
are generally used on positive displacement blowers.
Each unit shall be [close coupled] [directly connected through a flexible coupling] [driven by a V-belt].
2.12.1 Coupling
Coupling shall be heavy-duty, flexible forged steel spacer coupling, keyed or locked to the shaft. Disconnection
shall be accomplished without removing the driver half of the driven unit half of the coupling from the shaft.
Coupling outside surface shall be machined parallel to the axis of the shaft. Coupling faces shall be machined
perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
2.12.2 V-Belt Drive
V-belt drive shall be designed for not less than 150 percent of the driving motor capacity. When belt drive
is provided, an adjustable sheave to furnish not less than 20 percent speed adjustment shall be provided. Sheaves
shall be selected to provide the required capacity at the approximate midpoint of the adjustment. The drive
belt shall be [covered with an acoustically treated sheet metal guard] [or] [completely enclosed within the unit
casing].
2.13 GEARS
Gears shall be made of hardened, helical, alloy steel, manufactured in accordance with AGMA 6011 with a minimum
1.5 service factor applied to full power rating of the motor. [Single speed centrifugal blower shall be furnished
with high speed increasing gears.] [Positive displacement impellers shall be timed by a pair of machined, heat-treated,
spur tooth timing gears.] Timing gears shall be mounted on the impeller shafts on a tapered fit and secured
by a lock nut.
2.14 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
NOTE: Delete inapplicable lubrication systems.
Drive shall be [pressure oil lubricated] [splash oil lubricated] [grease lubricated]. Timing gears and gear
end bearings shall be [pressure oil lubricated] [splash oil lubricated]. Bearings and seals shall be lubricated
as previously indicated. System shall be designed to prevent leakage and contamination. Oil-lubrication systems
and vents shall be designed so that oil vapors do not enter the air stream or motor and the shaft bearings will
be isolated. Each oil reservoir shall be provided with an opening for filling, an overflow opening with overflow
container at the proper location to prevent overfilling, and a drain at the lowest point.
2.14.1 Pressure Oil
Pressure oil lubrication system shall be console mounted and shall include a main oil pump driven by the shaft,
an auxiliary electric motor driven oil pump, an oil cooler, an oil [strainer] [or] [filter], oil reservoir with
3-minute minimum retention time, and the switches, temperature and pressure gauges and controls necessary to
protect unit. The electric motor driving the auxiliary oil pump shall be totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC),
Design Type B in accordance with NEMA MG 1, shall have Class F insulation and shall be equipped with 120 volts
space heaters. Control shall be in accordance with NEMA ICS 1. The lubrication system shall be factory piped
and wired with minimal interconnecting piping between the console and the oil pump required in the field.
2.14.2 Splash Oil
Splash lubrication shall be provided by a slinger on the shaft splashing oil into the bearing whenever the compressor
is running. A constant level oiler located on the bearing housing or a metering orifice will be provided to
maintain the oil level in the oil reservoir integral with the bearing housing. A sight level gauge shall be
provided in the bearing housing. A labyrinth seal combined with an atmospheric vent shall be provided to prevent
oil contamination of the air stream.
2.14.3 Grease
Grease type bearings shall be equipped with grease fittings. Grease tubing shall be extended to a convenient
location if fittings are inaccessible. Grease fittings shall be the type which prevents over-lubrication and
over-pressurization.
2.15 INTAKE FILTER
Intake [screen and filter] [filter] shall be installed on inlet to each unit.
2.15.1 Efficiency
Intake filter shall be at least [90] [96] percent efficient when tested in compliance with ASHRAE 52.1 dust spot
method. [High volume bag intake filter shall be provided for filtration down to 5 microns 2 mils on vacuum pump
intake.]
2.15.2 Surface Area
Minimum filter surface area shall be 1 square meter per 0.127 cubic m/second 1 square foot per 25 cubic feet/minute
to produce a filter flow through velocity of less than 0.127 m/second 25 feet per minute.
2.15.3 Media
Filter media shall be [washable] [or] [disposable] dry type felt material made from [glass fiber,] [polyester,]
fiber resistant to moisture and chemicals to which it will be exposed with 25 mm 1 inch pleat separation.
2.15.4 Weather Hood
Steel intake hood and filter housings shall be coated with a chemically resistant coating and entire unit element
shall be resistant to moisture and chemicals to which it will be exposed.
2.16 NOISE MINIMIZATION
NOTE: Equipment selection should consider the pressure drop through silencer
or muffler.
Flexible connections and silencers, muffler or sound barriers shall be installed on the equipment [discharge]
[inlet and discharge] to attenuate sound level.
2.16.1 Silencer
NOTE: Canister type silencers should be considered for attenuation of low frequency
sound levels, pressures higher than 5 kPa (20 inches of water) and velocities
greater than 20 meters per second (4,000 feet per minute). Use high temperature
acoustical packing for temperature greater than 122 degrees C (250 degrees F).
Each blower shall be provided with [inlet] [and] [discharge] silencers. Silencers shall be for [standard] [critical]
grade silencing. Intake silencers shall be of the [absorption] [cannister] [chamber] type. Discharge silencers
shall be of the [absorption] [cannister] [chamber] [combination chamber-absorption] type. Canister type silencer
shall be constructed of two concentric perforated cylinders lined with high temperature acoustical packing forming
an annular flow path, with an internal plug creating a blocked line of sight. Silencer size shall be as recommended
by the silencer manufacturer and shall be compatible with the blower requirements. Silencer connections shall
match the adjacent piping. Mounting brackets shall be provided as required for silencer support. Silencer shall
be constructed of heavy-duty rolled and welded steel plate with the inner liner welded to the outer shell to
acoustically deaden the outer shell.
2.16.2 Muffler
NOTE: Hot-gas mufflers should be considered to effectively minimize the transmission
of hot-gas pulsations whenever the noise level is an important consideration.
Hot-gas muffler shall be installed [on the intake] [on the exhaust] [in-line] and shall minimize the transmission
of hot-gas pulsations.
2.16.3 Acoustical Insulation
Silencers, [interior air piping,] [expansion joints,] [valves,] [and] [drive guards] shall be wrapped with 25
mm 1 inch thick high density woven glass fiber mat having a minimum density of 4.6 kg/square meter 15 ounces/square
foot and shall be lagged with a 0.41 mm 0.0l6 inch thick aluminum jacket. Insulation shall conform to EPA requirements
in accordance with Section 01 62 35 RECYCLED / RECOVERED MATERIALS.
2.16.4 Sound Barriers
NOTE: Barriers generally have limited high frequency attenuation.
Sound barriers shall be made of insulated ductwork fastened to sheet steel walls. Flow velocity parallel to
barriers shall be limited to 1200 m 4000 feet per minute at pressures less than 5 kPa 20 inches of water.
2.17 MONITORING
NOTE: On projects with extensive process monitoring and control, replace text
with a reference to Section 40 95 00 PROCESS CONTROL.
Each unit shall be equipped for monitoring the flow downstream of any bypass connections. Calibration of sensors
shall be with standards traceable to NIST and in conformance with NIST SP 250.
2.17.1 Flow
[A turbine type flow meter equipped with transmitter and recorder shall be provided for continuous metering of
the process flow. Accuracy shall be within 0.5 percent of full scale.] [Gas meters shall conform to AGA B109.2
.]
2.17.2 Temperature
2.17.2.1 Thermometers
Thermometers shall conform to ASME PTC 19.3 with wells and temperature range suitable for the use encountered.
Thermometers shall be provided to indicate [inlet air temperature,] [discharge air temperature,] [and] [lubrication
oil temperature.] Thermometers shall be either red-reading mercury-in-glass type or dial type. Scale range
shall include full range of expected operation and up to 125 percent, but not more than 150 percent of maximum.
Accuracy shall be within 0.5 percent of full scale.
2.17.2.2 Thermocouples
Sensors shall conform to ISA MC96.1, Type K, and shall be provided downstream of each blower or as otherwise
directed. The thermocouple shall be suitable for continuous operation and control at temperatures up to [_____]
degrees C F, shall be accurate to [0.75] [_____] percent of full scale, and shall be long enough to be inserted
150 mm 6 inches into the air flow. The thermocouple shall be provided with an adjustable flange and with a
protecting tube suitable for insertion into the air flow without support of the projecting end. Compensating
lead wire 1.52 mm 16 gauge in diameter and 30 m 100 feet long with a weatherproof braid shall be supplied for
connecting the thermocouple to the instrument. The installed unit shall indicate gas passage temperatures and
shall activate the high temperature alarm when the set point temperature is exceeded.
2.17.3 Pressure
NOTE: Verify the pressure ranges for the system.
High and low pressure connections shall be 6 mm 1/4 inch NPT female with a [stainless steel bar stock valve]
[suitable shutoff cock] at each connection. [The high pressure connection to the gauge shall have a 10 micrometer
10 micron pleated paper filter and the low pressure connection shall have a fine mesh stainless steel strainer.]
[Each pressure connection to the gauge shall have a snubber.]
2.17.3.1 Draft Gauge
Gauge shall conform to ASME B40.100 with a diaphragm or bellows actuating system, a circular scale and a zero
adjustment screw. Inlet gauges shall have a range of 0 to 7.5 kPa 0 to 30 inches water gauge vacuum. Gauges
shall include the accessories for [control panel] [wall] [pipe] mounting.
2.17.3.2 Pressure Gauge
Gauges shall conform to ASME B40.100 with a single Bourdon tube style actuating system, a circular scale and
a zero adjustment screw. Discharge gauges shall have a range of 0 to 75 kPa 0 to 11 psi. Gauges shall include
the accessories for [control panel] [wall] [pipe] mounting.
2.17.3.3 Differential Pressure Gauge
The housing of each unit shall be equipped with a direct-reading gauge that measures the differential pressure
range [of 0 to 100 kPa 0 to 14.5 psi with an accuracy of plus or minus 2 percent of full scale, calibrated linearly
with 2 kPa 0.34 psi scale graduations] [necessary to operate in conjunction with the corresponding venturi tube].
During operating conditions the pointer shall be within the mid-range of the gauge. Accuracy shall be within
0.5 percent of full scale.
2.17.3.4 Piston Element
Piston type element shall consist of a spring-supported, corrosion resistant piston moving inside a glass cylinder
with an operating pressure of 1.03 MPa 150 psi. The cylinder shall have stainless steel end flanges with Viton
O-ring seals and a cylinder burst pressure of not less than 4.15 MPa 600 psi. Construction of the gauge shall
be such that a 3-valve manifold is not necessary. If only one bar stock valve is closed, the gauge shall not
be damaged by up to 2.1 MPa 300 psi differential pressure in either direction.
2.17.3.5 Bellows Element
Bellows pressure sensing element shall be installed to measure pressure differential across the air moving equipment
and shall be dual opposed, liquid filled, rupture-proof type with bellows movement converted to rotation and
transmitted by a torque tube. Bellows housing shall be stainless steel and shall have a rated working pressure
of not less than 3.5 MPa 500 psi. Liquid used to fill the bellows shall be suitable for the expected maximum
temperature of the off-gas and the minimum ambient temperature.
2.17.4 Contaminant Monitoring and Sampling
2.17.4.1 Explosimeter
Continuous monitoring and recording of percentages of upper and lower explosive limits shall be performed.
2.17.4.2 Hygrometer
Humidity sensor shall be located downstream of the heat exchanger or blower.
2.17.4.3 Sampler
Sampling port and equipment for collecting discrete and composite samples shall be provided with adequate access
for personnel and equipment.
2.17.4.4 Transmitter
Transmitter shall provide an analog two-wire electrical 4-20 milliamp signal directly proportional to the differential
pressure and accurate to within 0.25 percent of sensor indication. Transmitter shall be provided with built-in
pulsation damper and suitable over-range protection. Transmitter shall not require recalibration due to power
outages. Transmitter shall be UL listed for [Class 1, Division 1, Group D hazardous locations] [the electrical
classification for the area as indicated on the drawings]. Each transmitter shall be supplied with a factory
assembled five-valve stainless steel manifold. Vent valves shall be furnished on upper ports of each transmitter.
Transmitter shall be mounted and installed according to manufacturer's recommendations.
2.17.4.5 Remote Indicator and Recorder
Monitored parameters and excursion alarms shall be displayed locally and displayed on the control panel. Digital
data shall be recorded at intervals not exceeding one minute. Process data shall be maintained in the control
room and recorded on magnetic media in the approved micro computer compatible digital format. Flow information
shall include rate monitoring, integration and totalizing. Hard copies of recorded data and summaries of recorded
data shall be maintained in the control room. The copies shall be available upon request.
2.18 CONTROL SYSTEM
NOTE: The designer will decide which automatic controls are needed and delete
any inapplicable items.
Unit shall have [a manual][an automatic] control system. Automatic controls shall be responsible for the balancing
of the capacity with system requirements. These controls shall automatically balance the equipment capacity
with the load. The system shall be provided with the necessary control devices required for normal operation.
The automatic controls shall also include each of the following: a safe system operating mode when controls fail,
indications for system failure, protective mechanisms and controls that are required for the safe operation of
system equipment in an enclosure conforming to NEMA ICS 6.
2.18.1 Sequence of Control
NOTE: Develop and insert the sequence of control for each system.
The sequence of control shall be as follows: [_____].
2.18.2 Sequence of Equipment Operation
NOTE: Develop the sequence of equipment operation and insert requirements in
this paragraph.
Include instrumentation to modulate the output to meet pressure and/or volume
demands as well as start or stop units if the system requires pressure and/or
volume control.
Logic shall be included to allow for automatic or manual alternation of lead/lag/standby assignments of units
installed in parallel. Instrumentation to modulate the pressure and volume output as well as start or stop units
shall be included to meet pressure and/or volume demands. Off-gas systems with safety, emission, or process
controls shall be subject to automatic control logic permissives. Controls shall include start and stop push
button switches, [hand-off-automatic (H-O-A) switches where the system controls operation] [safety features such
as blade and belt guards, vibration or temperature switches] [surge warning and shutdown,] [low oil pressure,]
[high oil temperature switches] [process oriented switches such as upstream or downstream process equipment failure
shutdown or emission detection shutdown]. Additional controls or protective devices shall be as indicated.
2.18.3 Intake Volume Control
NOTE: Under colder air operating conditions, in centrifugal blowers with a
relatively flat characteristic flow curve, volume may be controlled over a narrow
working range by adjusting variable inlet guide vanes to vary the pressure-volume
characteristics. Variable inlet vanes are acceptable, but inefficient. A butterfly
valve may be used to create inlet head losses to throttle the blower inlet and
reduce volumetric flow rate.
[Automatically] [Manually] controlled [adjustable guide vanes] [line sized butterfly valve] shall be installed
on blower inlet to create inlet head losses and reduce the volumetric flow rate.
2.18.4 Outlet Volume Control
NOTE: The most efficient method to vary both volume and pressure is to vary
the speed of the driver.
Other methods of controlling output are outlet damper and eddy current coupling
(generally an outdated way to achieve speed control). Outlet dampers may serve
if high pressure at low volume is desired and high energy costs are not of concern.
[Variable speed control shall be installed to control output volume] [Automatically controlled bypass shall be
provided to recirculate directly around the blower] [Manual line sized [unloading] [check] [butterfly] valve
shall be installed on blower outlet to create system head losses and reduce the volumetric flow rate].
2.18.5 Panel
NOTE: Delete inapplicable items. Consider site location and operational factors
for alarm requirements. Indicate equipment on drawings and/or reference other
specifications as appropriate.
A NEMA [4] [7] [12] [explosion proof] [weather proof] [instrument panel] [control panel] enclosing relays, Contractor,
timers, and selector switches shall be [floor mounted] [wall mounted] [mounted with vibration isolators on the
unit] and provided with hinged cover and latch. Instruments shall be of the direct reading type and shall be
factory mounted and connected. Shutdown feature shall be connected to the annunciator on the instrument panel
and each shutdown feature shall be identified. Panel shall include the following features and instruments:
a. Running time meter.
b. Alarm annunciator [with single audible alarm] [and] [with contacts to operate a remote alarm] and
individual lights for each alarm condition.
2.18.6 Protective Devices
Blower protective devices, upon alarm condition, shall cause immediate de-energization of the motor, shall initiate
the automatic shutdown sequence, and shall provide audible and visual alarm indication.
2.18.6.1 Bearing Temperature
Temperature sensors with switches shall be installed on each bearing. The control relay, selector switch, test
push buttons, and running indicator, or light, on the panel shall indicate bearing status. High temperature
of any bearing shall initiate protective shutdown and the indicator, or light, shall indicate the affected bearing.
2.18.6.2 Surge and Overload Protection
NOTE: Centrifugal blowers are subject to a characteristic called "surge" or
minimum flow point below which the blower performance is unstable. The instability
manifests itself in pressure pulsations and flow reversals which can become
severe enough to damage the blower or system. Surge occurs when the system
resistance is greater than the pressure that the blower is capable of producing
at a given inlet volume; this results in a backward rush through the blower
and out the inlet, lowering the pressure in the discharge line at which time
normal compression resumes and cycle is repeated, until discharge pressure is
decreased or blower pressure increased. Surge may be prevented by using manual
or automatic controls.
A set-point controller shall monitor current input to the motor. The controller shall open and close the inlet
[guide vanes] [butterfly valve] in response to current. The controller shall initiate automatic shutdown sequence
and give visual indication of reason for shutdown if surge conditions are indicated by the motor current. Manual
control and override shall be provided to enable equipment startup and shutdown.
2.18.6.3 Oil Temperature and Pressure
Temperature and pressure sensors with switches shall be installed on each oil pump. The control relay, selector
switch, test push buttons, and running indicator, or light, on the panel shall indicate status. High oil temperature,
high oil pressure or low oil pressure shall initiate protective shutdown and the indicator, or light, shall indicate
the affected setting.
2.19 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
NOTE: Show hazardous area classification on the drawings.
Electrical equipment shall conform to Section 26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Electrical motor driven
equipment herein specified shall be provided complete with motors, motor starters, and controls. Electrical
equipment and wiring shall be in accordance with NFPA 70, with proper consideration given to environmental conditions
such as moisture, dirt, corrosive agents, and hazardous area classification.
2.19.1 Electric Motors
Each electric motor-driven unit shall be driven by a weather-protected, Type [I][II][totally-enclosed fan cooled]
continuous-duty electric motor. Motor shall have a [_____] service factor. Motors shall be [squirrel-cage induction][synchronous]
having normal-starting-torque and low-starting-current characteristics, and shall be sized to avoid exceeding
the nameplate power rating throughout the entire published characteristic curve. Integral size motors shall
be the premium efficiency type in accordance with NEMA MG 1. Motor bearings shall provide smooth operations
under the conditions encountered for the life of the motor. Adequate thrust bearing shall be provided in the
motor to carry the weight of the rotating parts plus the hydraulic thrust and shall be capable of withstanding
upthrust imposed during starting [and under variable head] conditions specified. Motors shall be rated [_____]
volts, [_____] phase, 60 Hz and such rating shall be stamped on the nameplate. Motors shall conform to NEMA MG 1
.
2.19.2 Control Equipment
[Manually controlled units shall have START-STOP pushbutton in cover.][Automatically controlled units shall have
three-position MANUAL-OFF-AUTOMATIC selector switch in cover.] Additional controls or protective devices shall
be as indicated.
2.19.3 Variable Speed Controls
NOTE: Include this paragraph if any of the motors has a variable speed control.
The variable speed motor controller shall convert 460 volt plus 15 percent, minus 5 percent, three phase, 60
Hz (plus or minus 2 Hz) utility power to adjustable voltage/frequency, three phase, ac power for stepless motor
control from 5 percent to 105 percent of base speed.
2.19.3.1 Description
The variable speed drive shall produce an adjustable ac voltage/frequency output for complete motor speed control.
The variable speed drive shall be automatically controlled by [a pneumatic 20.7 to 103.4 kPa 3 to 15 psig control
signal] [a grounded electronic control signal]. The variable speed drive shall be self contained, totally enclosed
in a NEMA MG 1 ventilated cabinet and shall be capable of operation between 0 and 40 degrees C 32 and 104 degrees
F. The variable speed drive maximum output current rating shall be equal to or exceed the motor nameplate full
load. The manufacturer shall advise the maximum recommended motor sine wave current for each controller rating.
Variable speed drive multiple motor operation at same frequency/speed shall be possible as long as the sum of
connected motor full load sine wave currents are less than or equal to the variable speed drive maximum continuous
current rating. Variable speed drive shall be [85] [90] [95] percent efficient at 100 percent of rated output
power.
2.19.3.2 Governing Requirements
Variable speed drive shall comply with 47 CFR 15 regulation of RF1/EM1 emission limits for Class A computing
devices. The FCC label of compliance shall be displayed on the variable speed drive. Variable speed drive and
option design and construction thereof shall comply with the applicable provisions of NFPA 70, Article 43D, Sections
A-L.
2.19.3.3 Basic Features
The variable speed drive shall have the following basic features:
a. Hand/off/auto operation.
b. Manual/auto speed reference switch.
c. Minimum/maximum adjustable speeds.
d. Speed potentiometer.
e. Auto restart.
f. Linear timed acceleration and deceleration for soft starting and stopping.
g. Controlled speed range 3-63 Hz. (Factory set at 15 Hz minimum).
h. Terminal connections for time clock control, fire, smoke, freeze detectors, and EP relay pre-set
speed override.
i. Output frequency terminals for remote metering.
2.19.3.4 Protective Circuits and Features
The variable speed drive controller shall include the following protective circuits/features:
a. Current limits to 100 percent design by slowing the down motor.
b. Instantaneous electronic trip to automatically shut down the motor if current exceeds 120 percent
of design or phase-to-phase output short circuit occurs.
c. The variable speed drive will restart automatically when input line returns to normal in the event
of intermittent power outage or phase loss or overvoltage shutdown.
d. Input power protection shuts down the unit on low input line voltage or loss of an input phase.
e. Insensitive to incoming power phase.
f. Fast acting current limiting input fuses, (Class J) rated with 200,000 interrupting amperes capability.
g. Isolated 115 volt control circuit and dedicated control transformer.
h. Line-to-line fault protection.
i. Line-to-ground short circuiting and accidental motor grounding protection.
j. Output thermal overload relay trip.
2.19.3.5 Adjustments
The variable speed drive shall have 0 to 75 percent of minimum speed, and 100 percent of maximum speed, adjustments
available via potentiometers located on the faceplate of a single, regulator printed circuit board.
2.20 APPURTENANCES
2.20.1 Dielectric Fittings
Dielectric fittings shall be installed between threaded ferrous and nonferrous metallic pipe, fittings and valves.
Dielectric fittings shall prevent metal-to-metal contact of dissimilar metallic piping elements and shall be
suitable for the required working pressure.
2.20.2 Isolation Joints
Isolation joints shall be installed between nonthreaded ferrous and nonferrous metallic pipe, fittings and valves.
Isolation joints shall consist of a sandwich-type flange isolation gasket of the dielectric type, isolation washers,
and isolation sleeves for flange bolts. Isolation gaskets shall be full faced with outside diameter equal to
the flange outside diameter. Bolt isolation sleeves shall be full length. Units shall be of a shape to prevent
metal-to-metal contact of dissimilar metallic piping elements.
2.20.2.1 Sleeve-type Couplings
Sleeve-type couplings shall be used for joining plain end pipe sections. The two couplings shall consist of
one steel middle ring, two steel followers, two gaskets, and the necessary steel bolts and nuts to compress the
gaskets.
2.20.2.2 Split-sleeve Type Couplings
Split-sleeve type couplings shall be used in aboveground installations when approved in special situations, and
shall consist of gaskets and a housing in two or more sections with the necessary bolts and nuts.
2.20.3 Valves
NOTE: Evaluate the need for silencers and/or carbon adsorption units if handling
toxic gases downstream of relief and/or unloading valves.
Threaded connections are common on valves 25 mm (1 inch) and smaller, and are
sometimes used on valves up to 50 mm (2 inch). If a welded end connection is
desired for valves 50 mm (2 inch) and smaller, a socketweld is usually chosen.
Socketweld end dimensions are standardized by ASME B16.11. Buttweld ends are
preferred when zero leakage is required. The valve body material must be compatible
with the adjoining pipe material for welding.
Valve diameter shall be equal to the diameter of the pipe in which the valve is located unless otherwise indicated.
Valves shall be [screw] [socket weld] [buttweld] [sweat] [flange] connected. Rated operating conditions shall
be [_____] degrees C F and [_____] kPa psig, minimum. Materials of construction shall be [aluminum] [bronze]
[stainless steel] [_____] body, [bronze] [316 stainless steel] trim, and [Buna-N] [EPR] [Viton] [PTFE] elastomers.
Valves shall be marked in accordance with MSS SP-25 to identify the manufacturer, valve sizes, pressure rating,
body and seat material.
2.20.3.1 Relief Valve
NOTE: Relief valves are provided in the following configurations: weighted
type (install in horizontal position only), spring type and pilot operated diaphragm
type which (with an optional solenoid valve) can be used for an unloading valve
as well. Relief valves are also used to relieve possible thermal expansion
in a pipe line if no other provisions exist. Indicate on the drawings a site
flow indicator downstream of each relief valve. Indicate the operating pressure
required for each valve.
ASTM F 1508 covers only spring-loaded, angle style valves.
Relief valve capable of maintaining a constant upstream pressure regardless of the downstream demand shall be
provided for each air mover. Valve shall be [ASTM F 1508 angle spring loaded] [weighted] [pilot-operated diaphragm]
differential pressure relief valve with a [_____] percent accumulation. Valve shall be rated to relieve [the
full capacity of the air moving equipment] [[_____] cubic meters/second feet/minute]. Valve shall be factory-set
to open at the [actual] [gauge] [pressure] [vacuum] of [_____] kPa psi and shall be field adjustable within a
minimum range of plus or minus 20 percent. Valve shall be located within [_____] m feet upstream of vacuum equipment
or downstream of pressure equipment.
2.20.3.2 Unloading Valve
NOTE: Unloading valves allow the blower to start under reduced pressure.
Unloading valve shall be [pilot-operated diaphragm valve with auxiliary solenoid operator] [butterfly valve]
actuated by the system controls and shall be field adjustable within a minimum range of plus or minus 20 percent.
Unloading valve shall be set to relieve [_____] cubic m/second feet/minute at a set gage pressure of [_____]kPa
psi or a vacuum of [_____] kPa inches Hg.
2.20.3.3 Combination Relief and Unloading Valve
NOTE: Combination valves should be carefully located with respect to heavily
contaminated off-gas streams or deleted in favor of separate valves.
Combination relief and unloading valve shall be set to relieve at a set [actual] [gauge] [pressure] [vacuum]
of [_____] kPa psi.
2.20.3.4 Purge Valve
NOTE: For vacuum pump applications, an automatic purge valve is useful in clearing
the system of vapors which may condense in shutdown or startup.
Each vacuum unit shall be equipped with a manually adjustable, normally closed automatic purge valve. Valve
shall be factory-set to open at at the gauge pressure of 0.5 kPa 0.15 inches Hg and shall be field adjustable
within a minimum range of plus or minus 20 percent. Valve shall be located within 1 m 3.3 feet downstream of
vacuum equipment.
2.20.3.5 Vacuum Breaker
NOTE: Edit the settings appropriately for the equipment required.
[Pilot-operated diaphragm type with auxiliary solenoid operator] [Butterfly valve actuated by blower system controls]
vacuum breaker shall be provided to protect blower or vacuum pump from surges. Valve shall be rated to relieve
0.05 cubic m/second 1.76 cfm at a set gage pressure of 100 kPa 14.7 psi or a vacuum of -50 kPa -15 inches Hg
. Materials shall be [aluminum] [bronze] [stainless steel] body, [bronze] [316 stainless steel] trim, and [Buna-N]
[EPR] [Viton] [Teflon] elastomers. Rating shall be 100 degrees C 212 degrees F and 1000 kPa 147 psi, minimum.
2.20.3.6 Check Valve
Valve shall be a [pilot-operated diaphragm valve with auxiliary solenoid operator] [butterfly valve actuated
by system controls] with a closing time of 1 to 5 seconds, located on the discharge side of each air mover.
Valve shall prevent reverse flow and shall open at a controlled rate to keep air mover starting surges from shocking
downstream equipment. Opening rate shall be adjustable from 5 to 60 seconds.
2.20.3.7 Control Valve
NOTE: Starting and stopping the air moving equipment is preferable to operation
against a closed system.
Valve shall be a [pilot-operated diaphragm valve with auxiliary solenoid operator] [butterfly valve actuated
by system controls].
2.20.3.8 Back Pressure Valve
Valve shall be capable of maintaining a constant upstream pressure regardless of the downstream demand.
2.20.3.9 Manual Valve
[Ball valves shall be in accordance with MSS SP-72. Gate, plug and ball valves shall be in accordance with API Spec 6D
. Thermoplastic gas shutoffs and valves shall be in accordance with ASME B16.40. Manual valve shall be wrench
operated, rising stem, with cap.] [Non-automatic valve shall be as required by Section 31 21 00 PIPING; OFF-GAS.]
2.20.4 Inlet and Discharge Elbows
Inlet and discharge elbows shall be of the long sweep type with ASME B16.1, Class 125 flanges.
2.20.5 Expansion Coupling
The inlet and the outlet of each unit shall be provided with flexible expansion couplings of extra heavy gauge
rubber, wire reinforced type suitable for temperature range of minus 29 to plus 121 degrees C minus 20 to plus
250 degrees F and pressure range from 51 to 103 kPa 15 inches of mercury vacuum to 15 psig.
2.20.6 Heat Exchanger
[An air-to-air] [A water cooled] heat exchanger shall be provided on the blower [inlet] [outlet] with sufficient
capacity to reduce the air temperature [_____] degrees C F.
2.20.7 Flame Arrestor
Flame arrestor shall be located immediately upstream of any source of flame.
2.20.8 Drip Trap
Drip trap shall be in accordance with ASTM F 1139.
2.20.9 Liquid Receiver
Liquid receivers shall be designed, fitted, and rated for 0.345 Mpa 50 psi working pressure. Each receiver shall
have a storage capacity not less than [_____] L gal. Each receiver shall be equipped with inlet and outlet drop
pipe, drain with valve, relief valve and two bull's-eye liquid-level sight glasses. Sight glasses shall be in
the same vertical plane, 90 degrees apart, perpendicular to the axis of the receiver, and not over 75 mm 3 inches
horizontally from the drop pipe measured along the axis of the receiver. In lieu of bull's-eye sight glass,
external gauge glass with metal glass guard and automatic closing stop valves shall be provided. The outside
of liquid receivers shall be galvanized or supplied with commercial enamel finish.
2.20.10 Air Receiver
Receiver shall be designed for 0.345 Mpa 50 psi working pressure. Receivers shall be equipped with safety relief
valves and accessories, including pressure gauges and automatic and manual drains. Receivers shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with ASME BPVC SEC VIII D1 and shall have the design working pressures specified
herein. A display of the ASME seal on the receiver or a certified test report from an approved independent testing
laboratory indicating conformance to the ASME Code shall be provided. The outside of air receivers shall be
galvanized or supplied with commercial enamel finish.
2.21 BASE PLATE
Each unit shall be mounted on all-welded structural steel or cast iron base complete with vibration isolators
with published load rating. The base plate shall have vertical jacking screws to facilitate leveling. The entire
unit shall be isolated from the building structure.
2.22 WEATHERPROOF ENCLOSURE
NOTE: Include this paragraph for equipment mounted partially or completely
outdoors.
A weatherproof enclosure shall be provided for the air moving equipment and motor assembly. The enclosure shall
have lockable access doors and shall be louvered for ventilation. [The enclosure shall be insulated and equipped
with a thermostatically controlled electric heating and ventilation.]
2.23 ATTACHMENTS
Shafts, chains or gear driven equipment shall be provided with all-metal guards enclosing the drive mechanism.
Guard shall be constructed of galvanized sheet steel, or galvanized woven wire, or expanded metal set in galvanized
steel frame. Guards shall be secured in position by steel braces or straps which will permit easy removal for
servicing the equipment.
2.24 COATINGS OR FINISHES
NOTE: Consult with coatings supplier on specific coating once liquid and gas
composition are known. Be aware of the VOC content of the coating and the regulations
that restrict application of high VOC coatings; use low VOC coatings unless
quality of coating will not meet requirements.
Motors, casings and similar parts of equipment finished in the shop shall be cleaned, primed and given two finish
coats with [alkyd primer followed by two alkyd modified silicone final coats] [severe chemical service phenolic
type coatings] [paint suitable for the environment in which the unit is to be placed] at the factory. Ferrous
surfaces not painted at the factory shall be given a shop coat of grease or other suitable rust resistant coating.
2.25 FACTORY TESTS
NOTE: Delete inapplicable tests.
Equipment shall be subject to in-plant shop and quality control inspections before approval for shipment from
manufacturer's facilities. Rotating parts of the equipment shall operate throughout the required range without
excessive end thrust, vibration or noise.
2.25.1 Integrity
Each [impeller] [rotor] assembly shall be tested by being operated at a speed to [20] [_____] percent above operating
speed and checked for cracks using the dye penetrant method or similar method of equal accuracy.
2.25.2 Balance
Rotating parts shall be statically and dynamically balanced in accordance with ASA S2.19. First critical speed
shall be at least 150 percent of maximum operating speed. Rotating parts shall be statically and dynamically
balanced. The shaft and impeller or blade assembly shall be statically and dynamically balanced as a unit.
Removing of metal from the impeller or blades by boring is not an acceptable means of balancing the shaft and
impeller unit. Impeller or blade assemblies shall be statically and dynamically balanced to within 0.5 percent
of W times R squared, where W equals weight and R equals impeller radius.
2.25.3 Deflection
Total shaft peak-to-peak dynamic deflection measured by vibrometer at seal face shall not exceed 5.1 microns
2 mils under the complete range of operating conditions.
2.25.4 Vibration
NOTE: Deflection is normally specified for centrifugal blowers. Velocity is
normally specified for positive displacement blowers.
[Vibration shall not exceed 2.5 microns 1.0 mil at the bearing housing with the equipment operating.] [Peak vibration
velocity shall be less than 7.62 mm/second 0.30 inch per second.]
2.25.5 Capacity
Volume and pressure characteristics of air moving equipment shall be determined by the [manufacturer] [a nationally
recognized testing agency] in accordance with AMCA 210. Certified test results and sample calculation from test
readings shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer. Where two or more identical units are specified, the
capacity of only one representative unit needs to be tested.
2.25.6 Noise
Air moving equipment shall be tested with sound attenuation devices installed by the [manufacturer] [a nationally
recognized testing agency]. Certified test results and sample calculation from test readings shall be submitted
to the Contracting Officer. Where two or more identical units are specified, only one representative unit needs
to be tested. Fans shall be tested in accordance with AMCA 300 with results interpreted in accordance with AMCA 301
.
2.25.7 Variable Speed Drive
Each variable speed drive shall be subjected to an in-plant quality control inspection. Integrated circuits
shall undergo a 160-hour "burn-in" to test reliability. During the "burn-in" the temperature shall be cycled
between 0 and 70 degrees C 32 and 158 degrees F. Each completed unit shall undergo a fully loaded 24-hour "burn-in".
2.25.8 Continuity
Wiring and instrumentation assembled at the factory shall be checked for continuity prior to shipping.
2.25.9 Receivers
Receivers shall be factory air tested to 1.5 times the specified working pressure.
2.25.10 Valve Testing
Relief valves shall be tested in accordance with ASME PTC 25.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
After becoming familiar with all details of the work, verify all dimensions in the field and advise the Contracting
Officer of any discrepancy before performing the work.
3.2 INSTALLATION
NOTE: Rotary lobe blowers must be absolutely horizontal to operate properly.
Vibration dampener shall be installed in sufficient quantity to isolate each unit from the structural base on
which the unit is installed. Each air moving unit and motor shall be installed, aligned and leveled in accordance
with the written instruction of the manufacturer [and under the direct supervision of the manufacturer's representative].
[Deviation from horizontal shall be below limits of measurement.] [Impellers shall be set by the manufacturer's
representative]. Flexible couplings shall not be used to compensate for misalignment between driver and driven
unit. Blower venting shall not violate the provisions of either ACGIH-2092S or AMCA 99.
3.2.1 Concrete Foundations
Concrete for equipment foundations shall [be as specified in Section 03 31 00.00 10 CAST-IN-PLACE STRUCTURAL
CONCRETE] [have a minimum compressive strength of at least 17 Mpa 2,500 psi]. Concrete foundations shall be
[integral with and of the same class as that of the building floor] [entirely separated from the surrounding
floor with a premolded filler strip installed between the foundation and floor slab as shown]. Foundation bolts,
as required, shall be furnished for proper positioning during the placement of the concrete.
3.2.2 Seismic Requirements
NOTE: Provide seismic requirements, if a Government designer (either Corps
office of A/E) is the Engineer of Record and show on the drawings. Delete the
bracketed phrase if seismic details are not provided. Pertinent portions of
UFC 3-310 and Sections 13 48 00 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT
and 13 48 00.00 10 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, properly edited,
must be included in the contract documents.
Equipment and attached valves shall be supported and braced to resist seismic loads as specified under UFC 3-310-04
SEISMIC DESIGN FOR BUILDNGS and Sections 13 48 00 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT and
13 48 00.00 10 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT[as shown on the drawings].
3.3 FIELD PAINTING
Stainless steel, galvanized steel, and nonferrous surfaces shall not be painted.
3.3.1 Touch-Up Painting
Factory painted items, requiring touching up in the field, shall be cleaned of foreign material and shall be
primed top-coated with the manufacturer's standard factory finish, provided it does not discolor in the presence
of hydrogen sulfide fumes, high water vapor atmosphere, alkaline water vapor, and concentrated chlorine (oxidizing)
conditions.
3.3.2 Exposed Ferrous Surfaces
Equipment which did not receive a factory finish and other exposed ferrous surfaces shall be painted as specified
in Section 09 90 00 PAINTS AND COATINGS. Coating shall be not less than 0.05 mm 1.75 mils thick.
3.4 MANUFACTURER'S FIELD SERVICES
Provide the services of a manufacturer's representative experienced in the installation, adjustment, and operation
of the equipment specified. The representative shall supervise the installing, adjusting, and testing of the
equipment.
3.5 POSTING FRAMED INSTRUCTIONS
Post framed instructions containing wiring and control diagrams where directed. Condensed operating instructions
shall be posted as specified. The framed instructions shall be posted before acceptance testing of the systems.
3.6 FIELD TRAINING
NOTE: The number of hours required to instruct a Government representative
in operation and maintenance of the system will depend on the complexity of
the system specified. Designer is to establish the number of hours of training
based on equipment manufacturer recommendations, system complexity and consultation
with the installation.
Conduct a field training course for designated operating, maintenance and supervisory staff members. Training
shall be provided for a total period of [16] [24] [_____] hours of normal working time and shall start after
the system is functionally complete but prior to final acceptance tests. Field training shall cover the items
contained in the operating and maintenance instructions.
3.7 FIELD TESTING
3.7.1 Deficiencies
If any deficiencies are revealed during any tests, such deficiencies shall be corrected and the tests shall be
reconducted.
3.7.2 Correct Installation
Tests shall assure that the units and appurtenances have been installed correctly, there is no objectionable
heating or vibration, noise from any part is not excessive, and manual and automatic controls function properly.
3.7.3 Field Equipment Test
After installation of the air moving units and appurtenances is complete, operating tests shall be carried out
to ensure that the installation operates properly. [Make arrangements to have the manufacturer's representative
present when field equipment tests are made.] Each unit shall be given a running field test in the presence of
the Contracting Officer for a minimum of [4] [_____] hours [at its rated capacity] [at the point of maximum power
requirement indicated on the head-capacity curve or point on the curve selected by the Contracting Officer].
Provide an accurate and acceptable method of measuring the discharge flow and pressure.
3.7.4 Noise Suppression
Sound level shall be less than [60] [70] [80] dB measured at 1.5 m 5 feet from the source.